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Rahnama Inchehsablagh B, Ghadiri Soufi F, Koochakkhani S, Azarkish F, Farshidi H, Eslami M, Mahmoodi M, Soltani N, Eftekhar E. Magnesium Supplementation Affects the Expression of Sirtuin1, Tumor Protein P53 and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes in Patients with Atherosclerosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:59-66. [PMID: 36684501 PMCID: PMC9852374 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01032-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium seems to play a role in improving cardiovascular function, but its exact mechanism is unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that magnesium could modulate the expression of genes involved in atherosclerosis. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of magnesium sulfate on the expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1), tumor protein p53 (TP53), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) genes in patients with atherosclerosis. This study was a placebo-controlled double-blind randomized clinical trial on 56 patients with angiographically proven atherosclerosis. Participants were randomly divided into two groups receiving 300 mg/day magnesium sulfate (n = 29) and placebo (n = 27) for three months (following up every month). Fasting blood samples were taken before and after the intervention and total RNA was extracted and used to evaluate the expression level of SIRT1, TP53, and eNOS genes by Real-Time PCR. The expression of eNOS gene was significantly increased (P < 0.0001) and the expression of TP53 gene was decreased (P = 0.02) in the magnesium sulfate group compared to the placebo group. But SIRT1 gene expression was not significantly different between the two groups. Our findings demonstrate that magnesium sulfate supplementation may have a protective role against the progression of atherosclerosis through upregulation of eNOS and downregulation of TP53 gene. Trial registration: This present clinical trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the registration code of "IRCT20151028024756N3", https://www.irct.ir/trial/29097?revision=114102. Registered on 16 December 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhad Ghadiri Soufi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Shabnaz Koochakkhani
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fariba Azarkish
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hossein Farshidi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahdiye Eslami
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Mahmoodi
- Clinical Research Development Center of Shahidmohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Beneficial effects of MgSO 4 on TFAM, UPC3 and FNDC5 mRNA expressions in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats: a possible mechanism to improve insulin resistance. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2795-2803. [PMID: 35064400 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypomagnesemia has been associated with development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Irisin has beneficial effects on glucose uptake and improves hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term treatment of MgSO4 and insulin on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, serum and hepatic irisin levels, skeletal muscle gene expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) in T2DM rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups: Control group, diabetic control (DC) using a high-fat diet + streptozotocin, insulin-treated diabetic group (DC + Ins), MgSO4-treated diabetic group (DC + Mg). At the end of therapies, serum concentrations of FBG, TG, insulin, Ox-LDL, along with serum and hepatic irisin levels were measured. FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions were measured in the skeletal muscle by Real-time PCR. In comparison with DC group, MgSO4 therapy resulted in decreased FBG, TG, Ox-LDL, improved serum insulin and irisin levels, and increased mRNA expressions of FNDC5, UCP3 and TFAM. Insulin therapy significantly decreased FBG, Ox-LDL, FNDC5 and serum irisin levels compared with the control group. While, insulin therapy markedly increased TFAM and UCP3 compared with the DC group. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MgSO4 can improve insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia partly through decreasing Ox-LDL, increasing serum irisin levels as well as increasing FNDC5, TFAM, and UCP3 mRNA expressions in T2DM rats. These findings can be considered in the management of diabetes treatment.
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Xie Q, Peng J, Guo Y, Li F. MicroRNA-33-5p inhibits cholesterol efflux in vascular endothelial cells by regulating citrate synthase and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:433. [PMID: 34517822 PMCID: PMC8438969 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A high level of total cholesterol is associated with several lipid metabolism disorders, including atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter A1 (ABCA1) and miR-33-5p play crucial roles in atherosclerosis by controlling cholesterol efflux. While citrate is a precursor metabolite for lipid and cholesterol synthesis, little is known about the association between citrate synthase (CS) and cholesterol efflux. This study investigated the role of the miR-33-5p/ABCA1/CS axis in regulating cholesterol efflux in vascular endothelial cells (VECs). Materials and methods VECs were treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL), or pretreated with plasmids overexpressing CS, ABCA1, siRNAs against CS and ABCA1, and an miR-33-5p inhibitor. Cell apoptosis, cellular senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, inflammation, and cholesterol efflux were detected. Results Treatment with ox-LDL decreased ABCA1 and CS levels and increased miR-33-5p expression and apoptosis in dose-dependent manners. In contrast, treatment with the miR-33-5p inhibitor and ABCA1 and CS overexpression plasmids inhibited the above-mentioned ox-LDL-induced changes. In addition, treatment with ox-LDL decreased cholesterol efflux, induced aging, and promoted the production of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α), as well as the expression of Bax and Caspase 3 proteins in VECs. All these changes were rescued by miR-33-5p inhibition and ABCA1 and CS overexpression. The inhibition of ABCA1 and CS by siRNAs eliminated the effects mediated by the miR-33-5p inhibitor, and knockdown of CS eliminated the effects of ABCA1 on VECs. Conclusions This study demonstrated the crucial roles played by the miR-33-5p/ABCA1/CS axis in regulating cholesterol efflux, inflammation, apoptosis, and aging in VECs, and also suggested the axis as a target for managing lipid metabolism disorders. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02228-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated With Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated With Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Hospital Affiliated With Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Departments of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, middle Ren-Min Road No. 139, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Magnesium Sulfate Administration in Moderate Coronary Artery Disease Patients Improves Atherosclerotic Risk Factors: A Double-Blind Clinical Trial Study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 76:321-328. [PMID: 32618829 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is known to promote vascular and cardiac dysfunctions such as atherosclerosis. This study investigated the effect of oral MgSO4 therapy to improve lipid profile and serum oxidized LDL level and its receptor (LOX1) in moderate coronary atherosclerotic patients. In this randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial study, 64 patients with moderate coronary artery disease were selected according to angiography findings. Participants were divided into 2 groups including Mg-treated (n = 32) and placebo (n = 32) The patients received either placebo or MgSO4 supplement capsule, containing 300 mg MgSO4 for 6 months on a daily basis. Lipid profile, HbA1c, 2h postprandial (2hpp) blood glucose, fasting blood sugar, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and lectin-like ox-LDL receptor 1 (LOX1) concentrations were measured at baseline and every 3 months. HbA1c, serum LOX1, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein concentrations were significantly lower in the Mg-treated group than the placebo group 3 months after MgSO4 administration. 2hpp, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SGPT, SGOT levels, and HbA1c levels significantly improved in the Mg-treated group compared with the placebo-received group. Overall, the results of this study showed that magnesium treatment improved some of the major risk factors of atherosclerosis. According to the results of liver function tests (SGOT and SGPT), magnesium therapy seems to be safe in patients with moderate atherosclerotic plaque. Therefore, it is suggested that magnesium to be used along with other atherosclerosis control drugs.
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Sobhani AR, Farshidi H, Azarkish F, Eslami M, Eftekhar E, Keshavarz M, Soltani N. Magnesium Sulfate Improves Some Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis in Patients Suffering from One or Two Coronary Artery Diseases: A Double-blind Clinical Trial Study. Clin Pharmacol 2020; 12:159-169. [PMID: 33061673 PMCID: PMC7524176 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s261264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Given the beneficial effect of MgSO4 on the cardiovascular system, this study was designed to investigate the effect of MgSO4 administration on suppressing some atherosclerotic risk factors in moderate coronary artery disease patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels. Patients and Methods In a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial study, 64 patients with moderate coronary artery disease (55–69% stenosis) were selected according to angiography findings. Patients were divided into four groups including patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels treated with MgSO4 (Mg-treated-VR1, Mg-treated-VR2, respectively), placebo treated patients with one or two atherosclerotic vessels (Control-VR1, Control-VR2, respectively). The patients received either placebo or MgSO4 supplement capsule containing 300 mg MgSO4 for six months on a daily basis. ESR, Ca/Mg ratio, urine Mg level, serum Mg, fibrinogen, homocysteine, uric acid, Na, K, Ca, CRP, T3, T4, TSH, BUN, and Cr concentrations were measured at baseline and every three months. Results Serum T3, Ca, K, homocysteine, CRP, and Mg concentrations were significantly improved in Mg-treated groups compared to placebo groups. Conclusion The results of this study showed that despite the slight change in serum magnesium level, oral administration of MgSO4for six months could slightly reduce the serum levels of some inflammatory and vascular factors in moderate coronary artery disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Sobhani
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Hossein Farshidi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fariba Azarkish
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahdiya Eslami
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mansoor Keshavarz
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nepton Soltani
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Xu K, Liu X, Yin D, Ren G, Zhao Y. PP2A alleviates oxidized LDL-induced endothelial dysfunction by regulating LOX-1/ROS/MAPK axis. Life Sci 2020; 243:117270. [PMID: 31923421 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of PP2A on the progression of AS and the special molecular mechanism. MAIN METHODS The expression of PP2A in Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by different concentrations of Ox-LDL was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. The binding activity of PP2A and LOX-1 was determined by CoIP assay. Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and MCP-1. KEY FINDING The results revealed that the expression of PP2A was decreased with the increase of Ox-LDL concentration in HUVECs. Overexpression of PP2A alleviated Ox-LDL-induced dysfunction and inflammatory response in HUVECs. The results of Co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) showed that PP2A had direct effect on LOX-1, and PP2A inhibited the expression of LOX-1. In addition, overexpression of LOX-1 reversed the inhibitory effect of PP2A on Ox-LDL-induced dysfunction and inflammatory response in HUVECs. What is more, PP2A inhibited LOX-1/ROS/MAPK axis. SIGNIFICANCE it suggests that PP2A alleviates Ox-LDL-induced dysfunction and inflammatory response of HUVECs potentially by regulating the LOX-1/ROS/MAPK axis,which suggests that PP2A has anti-inflammatory effect during the formation of as, and the molecular therapy of PP2A provides a theoretical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaicheng Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union hospital JiLin University, Chang chun, JiLin 130033, China
| | - Xiwen Liu
- Department of vascular surgery, China-Japan Union hospital JiLin University, Chang chun, JiLin 130033, China
| | - Dexin Yin
- Department of vascular surgery, China-Japan Union hospital JiLin University, Chang chun, JiLin 130033, China
| | - Guanghao Ren
- Department of vascular surgery, China-Japan Union hospital JiLin University, Chang chun, JiLin 130033, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of vascular surgery, China-Japan Union hospital JiLin University, Chang chun, JiLin 130033, China.
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