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Neubrand LB, van Leeuwen TG, Faber DJ. Towards non-invasive tissue hydration measurements with optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024:e202300532. [PMID: 38735734 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The attenuation coefficient (μ OCT $$ {\mu}_{\mathrm{OCT}} $$ ) measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been used to determine tissue hydration. Previous dual-wavelength OCT systems could not attain the needed precision, which we attribute to the absence of wavelength-dependent scattering of tissue in the underlying model. Assuming that scattering can be described using two parameters, we propose a triple/quadrupole-OCT system to achieve clinically relevant precision in water volume fraction. In this study, we conduct a quantitative analysis to determine the necessary precision ofμ OCT $$ {\mu}_{\mathrm{OCT}} $$ measurements and compare it with numerical simulation. Our findings emphasize that achieving a clinically relevant assessment of a 2% water fraction requires determining the attenuation coefficient with a remarkable precision of 0.01m m - 1 $$ \mathrm{m}{\mathrm{m}}^{-1} $$ . This precision threshold is influenced by the chosen wavelength for attenuation measurement and can be enhanced through the inclusion of a fourth wavelength range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda B Neubrand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Faber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Neubrand LB, van Leeuwen TG, Faber DJ. Precision of attenuation coefficient measurements by optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:085001. [PMID: 35945668 PMCID: PMC9360497 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.8.085001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometric imaging modality, which provides tomographic information on the microscopic scale. Furthermore, OCT signal analysis facilitates quantification of tissue optical properties (e.g., the attenuation coefficient), which provides information regarding the structure and organization of tissue. However, a rigorous and standardized measure of the precision of the OCT-derived optical properties, to date, is missing. AIM We present a robust theoretical framework, which provides the Cramér -Rao lower bound σμOCT for the precision of OCT-derived optical attenuation coefficients. APPROACH Using a maximum likelihood approach and Fisher information, we derive an analytical solution for σμOCT when the position and depth of focus are known. We validate this solution, using simulated OCT signals, for which attenuation coefficients are extracted using a least-squares fitting procedure. RESULTS Our analytical solution is in perfect agreement with simulated data without shot noise. When shot noise is present, we show that the analytical solution still holds for signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in the fitting window being above 20 dB. For other cases (SNR<20 dB, focus position not precisely known), we show that the numerical calculation of the precision agrees with the σμOCT derived from simulated signals. CONCLUSIONS Our analytical solution provides a fast, rigorous, and easy-to-use measure for OCT-derived attenuation coefficients for signals above 20 dB. The effect of uncertainties in the focal point position on the precision in the attenuation coefficient, the second assumption underlying our analytical solution, is also investigated by numerical calculation of the lower bounds. This method can be straightforwardly extended to uncertainty in other system parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda B. Neubrand
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Faber
- Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis and Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lindholm V, Raita-Hakola AM, Annala L, Salmivuori M, Jeskanen L, Saari H, Koskenmies S, Pitkänen S, Pölönen I, Isoherranen K, Ranki A. Differentiating Malignant from Benign Pigmented or Non-Pigmented Skin Tumours-A Pilot Study on 3D Hyperspectral Imaging of Complex Skin Surfaces and Convolutional Neural Networks. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071914. [PMID: 35407522 PMCID: PMC8999463 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several optical imaging techniques have been developed to ease the burden of skin cancer disease on our health care system. Hyperspectral images can be used to identify biological tissues by their diffuse reflected spectra. In this second part of a three-phase pilot study, we used a novel hand-held SICSURFIS Spectral Imager with an adaptable field of view and target-wise selectable wavelength channels to provide detailed spectral and spatial data for lesions on complex surfaces. The hyperspectral images (33 wavelengths, 477–891 nm) provided photometric data through individually controlled illumination modules, enabling convolutional networks to utilise spectral, spatial, and skin-surface models for the analyses. In total, 42 lesions were studied: 7 melanomas, 13 pigmented and 7 intradermal nevi, 10 basal cell carcinomas, and 5 squamous cell carcinomas. All lesions were excised for histological analyses. A pixel-wise analysis provided map-like images and classified pigmented lesions with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 93%, and 79% and 91%, respectively, for non-pigmented lesions. A majority voting analysis, which provided the most probable lesion diagnosis, diagnosed 41 of 42 lesions correctly. This pilot study indicates that our non-invasive hyperspectral imaging system, which involves shape and depth data analysed by convolutional neural networks, is feasible for differentiating between malignant and benign pigmented and non-pigmented skin tumours, even on complex skin surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Lindholm
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (L.J.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (K.I.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (V.L.); (A.-M.R.-H.); Tel.: +358-9471-86355 (V.L.)
| | - Anna-Maria Raita-Hakola
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, 40100 Jyväskylä, Finland; (L.A.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: (V.L.); (A.-M.R.-H.); Tel.: +358-9471-86355 (V.L.)
| | - Leevi Annala
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, 40100 Jyväskylä, Finland; (L.A.); (I.P.)
| | - Mari Salmivuori
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (L.J.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (K.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Leila Jeskanen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (L.J.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (K.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Heikki Saari
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 02150 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Sari Koskenmies
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (L.J.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (K.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Sari Pitkänen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (L.J.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (K.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Ilkka Pölönen
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, 40100 Jyväskylä, Finland; (L.A.); (I.P.)
| | - Kirsi Isoherranen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (L.J.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (K.I.); (A.R.)
| | - Annamari Ranki
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.S.); (L.J.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (K.I.); (A.R.)
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Gong P, Almasian M, van Soest G, de Bruin DM, van Leeuwen TG, Sampson DD, Faber DJ. Parametric imaging of attenuation by optical coherence tomography: review of models, methods, and clinical translation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-34. [PMID: 32246615 PMCID: PMC7118361 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.4.040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides cross-sectional and volumetric images of backscattering from biological tissue that reveal the tissue morphology. The strength of the scattering, characterized by an attenuation coefficient, represents an alternative and complementary tissue optical property, which can be characterized by parametric imaging of the OCT attenuation coefficient. Over the last 15 years, a multitude of studies have been reported seeking to advance methods to determine the OCT attenuation coefficient and developing them toward clinical applications. AIM Our review provides an overview of the main models and methods, their assumptions and applicability, together with a survey of preclinical and clinical demonstrations and their translation potential. RESULTS The use of the attenuation coefficient, particularly when presented in the form of parametric en face images, is shown to be applicable in various medical fields. Most studies show the promise of the OCT attenuation coefficient in differentiating between tissues of clinical interest but vary widely in approach. CONCLUSIONS As a future step, a consensus on the model and method used for the determination of the attenuation coefficient is an important precursor to large-scale studies. With our review, we hope to provide a basis for discussion toward establishing this consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Gong
- The University of Western Australia, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Address all correspondence to Peijun Gong, E-mail:
| | - Mitra Almasian
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Soest
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Cardiology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M. de Bruin
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G. van Leeuwen
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David D. Sampson
- The University of Western Australia, Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Optical+Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Surrey, Surrey Biophotonics, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk J. Faber
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Garbarino F, Migliorati S, Farnetani F, De Pace B, Ciardo S, Manfredini M, Reggiani Bonetti L, Kaleci S, Chester J, Pellacani G. Nodular skin lesions: correlation of reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography features. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:101-111. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - F. Farnetani
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - B. De Pace
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - S. Ciardo
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - M. Manfredini
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | | | - S. Kaleci
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - J. Chester
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - G. Pellacani
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
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Optical coherence tomography imaging of melanoma skin cancer. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 34:411-420. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ferrante di Ruffano L, Dinnes J, Deeks JJ, Chuchu N, Bayliss SE, Davenport C, Takwoingi Y, Godfrey K, O'Sullivan C, Matin RN, Tehrani H, Williams HC. Optical coherence tomography for diagnosing skin cancer in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018; 12:CD013189. [PMID: 30521690 PMCID: PMC6516952 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early accurate detection of all skin cancer types is essential to guide appropriate management and to improve morbidity and survival. Melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are high-risk skin cancers, which have the potential to metastasise and ultimately lead to death, whereas basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is usually localised, with potential to infiltrate and damage surrounding tissue. Anxiety around missing early cases needs to be balanced against inappropriate referral and unnecessary excision of benign lesions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a microscopic imaging technique, which magnifies the surface of a skin lesion using near-infrared light. Used in conjunction with clinical or dermoscopic examination of suspected skin cancer, or both, OCT may offer additional diagnostic information compared to other technologies. OBJECTIVES To determine the diagnostic accuracy of OCT for the detection of cutaneous invasive melanoma and atypical intraepidermal melanocytic variants, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), or cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in adults. SEARCH METHODS We undertook a comprehensive search of the following databases from inception up to August 2016: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE; Embase; CINAHL; CPCI; Zetoc; Science Citation Index; US National Institutes of Health Ongoing Trials Register; NIHR Clinical Research Network Portfolio Database; and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We studied reference lists and published systematic review articles. SELECTION CRITERIA We included studies of any design evaluating OCT in adults with lesions suspicious for invasive melanoma and atypical intraepidermal melanocytic variants, BCC or cSCC, compared with a reference standard of histological confirmation or clinical follow-up. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently extracted data using a standardised data extraction and quality assessment form (based on QUADAS-2). Our unit of analysis was lesions. Where possible, we estimated summary sensitivities and specificities using the bivariate hierarchical model. MAIN RESULTS We included five studies with 529 cutaneous lesions (282 malignant lesions) providing nine datasets for OCT, two for visual inspection alone, and two for visual inspection plus dermoscopy. Studies were of moderate to unclear quality, using data-driven thresholds for test positivity and giving poor accounts of reference standard interpretation and blinding. Studies may not have been representative of populations eligible for OCT in practice, for example due to high disease prevalence in study populations, and may not have reflected how OCT is used in practice, for example by using previously acquired OCT images.It was not possible to make summary statements regarding accuracy of detection of melanoma or of cSCC because of the paucity of studies, small sample sizes, and for melanoma differences in the OCT technologies used (high-definition versus conventional resolution OCT), and differences in the degree of testing performed prior to OCT (i.e. visual inspection alone or visual inspection plus dermoscopy).Pooled data from two studies using conventional swept-source OCT alongside visual inspection and dermoscopy for the detection of BCC estimated the sensitivity of OCT as 95% (95% confidence interval (CI) 91% to 97%) and specificity of 77% (95% CI 69% to 83%).When applied to a hypothetical population of 1000 lesions at the mean observed BCC prevalence of 60%, OCT would miss 31 BCCs (91 fewer than would be missed by visual inspection alone and 53 fewer than would be missed by visual inspection plus dermoscopy), and OCT would lead to 93 false-positive results for BCC (a reduction in unnecessary excisions of 159 compared to using visual inspection alone and of 87 compared to visual inspection plus dermoscopy). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Insufficient data are available on the use of OCT for the detection of melanoma or cSCC. Initial data suggest conventional OCT may have a role for the diagnosis of BCC in clinically challenging lesions, with our meta-analysis showing a higher sensitivity and higher specificity when compared to visual inspection plus dermoscopy. However, the small number of studies and varying methodological quality means implications to guide practice cannot currently be drawn.Appropriately designed prospective comparative studies are required, given the paucity of data comparing OCT with dermoscopy and other similar diagnostic aids such as reflectance confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Dinnes
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of BirminghamNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreBirminghamUK
| | - Jonathan J Deeks
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of BirminghamNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreBirminghamUK
| | - Naomi Chuchu
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | - Susan E Bayliss
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | - Clare Davenport
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
| | - Yemisi Takwoingi
- University of BirminghamInstitute of Applied Health ResearchEdgbaston CampusBirminghamUKB15 2TT
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of BirminghamNIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreBirminghamUK
| | - Kathie Godfrey
- The University of Nottinghamc/o Cochrane Skin GroupNottinghamUK
| | | | - Rubeta N Matin
- Churchill HospitalDepartment of DermatologyOld RoadHeadingtonOxfordUKOX3 7LE
| | - Hamid Tehrani
- Whiston HospitalDepartment of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryWarrington RoadLiverpoolUKL35 5DR
| | - Hywel C Williams
- University of NottinghamCentre of Evidence Based DermatologyQueen's Medical CentreDerby RoadNottinghamUKNG7 2UH
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Swager AF, Faber DJ, de Bruin DM, Weusten BL, Meijer SL, Bergman JJ, Curvers WL, van Leeuwen TG. Quantitative attenuation analysis for identification of early Barrett's neoplasia in volumetric laser endomicroscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:86001. [PMID: 28777838 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.8.086001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Early neoplasia in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is difficult to detect. Volumetric laser endomicroscopy (VLE) incorporates optical coherence tomography, providing a circumferential scan of the esophageal wall layers. The attenuation coefficient (μVLE) quantifies decay of detected backscattered light versus depth, and could potentially improve BE neoplasia detection. The aim is to investigate feasibility of μVLE for identification of early BE neoplasia. In vivo and ex vivo VLE scans with histological correlation from BE patients ± neoplasia were used. Quantification by μVLE was performed manually on areas of interest (AoIs) to differentiate neoplasia from nondysplastic (ND)BE. From ex vivo VLE scans from 16 patients (13 with neoplasia), 68 AoIs were analyzed. Median μVLE values (mm−1) were 3.7 [2.1 to 4.4 interquartile range (IQR)] for NDBE and 4.0 (2.5 to 4.9 IQR) for neoplasia, not statistically different (p=0.82). Fourteen in vivo scans were used: nine from neoplastic and five from NDBE patients. Median μVLE values were 1.8 (1.5 to 2.6 IQR) for NDBE and 2.1 (1.9 to 2.6 IQR) for neoplasia, with no statistically significant difference (p=0.37). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in μVLE values in VLE scans from early neoplasia versus NDBE. Future studies with a larger sample size should explore other quantitative methods for detection of neoplasia during BE surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Fre Swager
- , Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Dirk J Faber
- , Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Daniel M de Bruin
- , Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Bas L Weusten
- , Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Sybren L Meijer
- , Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | - Jacques J Bergman
- , Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
| | | | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- , Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam
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Gambichler T, Pljakic A, Schmitz L. Recent advances in clinical application of optical coherence tomography of human skin. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2015; 8:345-54. [PMID: 26185462 PMCID: PMC4501682 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s69119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging noninvasive imaging method that uses infrared light and interferometric techniques. The method has become increasingly popular in skin research as well as daily dermatology practice. In the present brief review, we focused on recent (2009-2014) OCT studies on the human skin, which included a reasonable sample size and statistics. Twenty-five papers were selected and briefly described OCT of epidermal thickness, skin appendages, wound healing, extracellular matrix and skin fibrosis, vascular malformations, and skin tumors such as basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratoses, and malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Gambichler
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Azem Pljakic
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lutz Schmitz
- Department of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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11
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Almasian M, Bosschaart N, van Leeuwen TG, Faber DJ. Validation of quantitative attenuation and backscattering coefficient measurements by optical coherence tomography in the concentration-dependent and multiple scattering regime. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:121314. [PMID: 26720868 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.121314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential to quantitatively measure optical properties of tissue such as the attenuation coefficient and backscattering coefficient. However, to obtain reliable values for strong scattering tissues, accurate consideration of the effects of multiple scattering and the nonlinear relation between the scattering coefficient and scatterer concentration (concentration-dependent scattering) is required. We present a comprehensive model for the OCT signal in which we quantitatively account for both effects, as well as our system parameters (confocal point spread function and sensitivity roll-off). We verify our model with experimental data from controlled phantoms of monodisperse silica beads (scattering coefficients between 1 and 30 mm(−1) and scattering anisotropy between 0.4 and 0.9). The optical properties of the phantoms are calculated using Mie theory combined with the Percus–Yevick structure factor to account for concentration-dependent scattering. We demonstrate excellent agreement between the OCT attenuation and backscattering coefficient predicted by our model and experimentally derived values. We conclude that this model enables us to accurately model OCT-derived parameters (i.e., attenuation and backscattering coefficients) in the concentration-dependent and multiple scattering regime for spherical monodisperse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Almasian
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke Bosschaart
- University of Twente, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, Biomedical Photonic Imaging Group, Zuidhorst ZH263, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Faber
- University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Wessels R, de Bruin DM, Faber DJ, Sanders J, Vincent AD, van Beurden M, van Leeuwen TG, Ruers TJM. Learning curve and interobserver variance in quantification of the optical coherence tomography attenuation coefficient. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:121313. [PMID: 26662606 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.121313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The learning curve and interobserver variance of attenuation coefficient (μOCT ) determination from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were quantified. The μOCT of normal and diseased vulvar tissues was determined at five time points by three novice students and three OCT experts who reached consensus for reference. Students received feedback between time points. Eventually, variance in μOCT was smaller in images of diseased tissue than in images of normal vulvar tissue. The difference between the consensus and student μOCT values was larger for smaller values of μOCT . We conclude that routine μOCT determination for tissue classification does not require extensive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronni Wessels
- Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Department of Surgery, P.O. Box 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel M de Bruin
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The NetherlandscAcademic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Department of Urology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam
| | - Dirk J Faber
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Department of Pathology, P.O. Box 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew D Vincent
- Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Department of Biometrics, P.O. Box 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc van Beurden
- Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Department of Gynaecology, P.O. Box 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton G van Leeuwen
- Academic Medical Center-University of Amsterdam, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J M Ruers
- Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Department of Surgery, P.O. Box 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The NetherlandsgUniversity of Twente, MIRA Institute, Nanobiophysics Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
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