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Liu H, Jiang H, Shan Q. Reflectance confocal microscopy versus dermoscopy for the diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma: a head-to-head comparative meta-analysis. Melanoma Res 2024; 34:355-365. [PMID: 38847651 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the comparative diagnostic performance of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dermoscopy in detecting cutaneous melanoma patients. An extensive search was conducted in the PubMed and Embase databases to identify available publications up to December 2023. Studies were included if they evaluated the diagnostic performance of RCM and dermoscopy in patients with cutaneous melanoma. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Performance Studies (QUADAS-2) tool. A total of 14 articles involving 2013 patients were included in the meta-analysis. The overall sensitivity of RCM was 0.94 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.87-0.98], while the overall sensitivity of dermoscopy was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.71-0.95). These results suggested that RCM has a similar level of sensitivity compared with dermoscopy ( P = 0.15). In contrast, the overall specificity of RCM was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.67-0.85), while the overall specificity of dermoscopy was 0.47 (95% CI, 0.31-0.63). The results indicated that RCM appears to have a higher specificity in comparison to dermoscopy ( P < 0.01). Our meta-analysis indicates that RCM demonstrates superior specificity and similar sensitivity to dermoscopy in detecting cutaneous melanoma patients. The high heterogeneity, however, may impact the evidence of the current study, further larger sample prospective research is required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huasheng Liu
- Departments of Burn Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery
| | - Hong Jiang
- Departments of Burn Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery
| | - Qianqian Shan
- Gynecology and Obstetric, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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Cappilli S, Tognetti L, Di Stefani A, Ricci C, Pellegrino L, Palmisano G, Cinotti E, Rubegni P, Del Marmol V, Suppa M, Peris K. Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) for the assessment of flat pigmented lesions of the face. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 39032122 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- S Cappilli
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - L Tognetti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - A Di Stefani
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - C Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, AUSL Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Pellegrino
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - G Palmisano
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - E Cinotti
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Groupe d'Imagerie Cutanée Non Invasive (GICNI) of the Société Française de Dermatologie (SFD), Paris, France
| | - P Rubegni
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - V Del Marmol
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermato-Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Suppa
- Groupe d'Imagerie Cutanée Non Invasive (GICNI) of the Société Française de Dermatologie (SFD), Paris, France
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Dermato-Oncology, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - K Peris
- UOC di Dermatologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Dermatologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Venturi F, Tassone D, Baraldi C, Alessandrini A, Dika E. Reflectance confocal microscopy features of ink spot lentigo: When in-vivo digital biopsy can avoid unnecessary excisions. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13554. [PMID: 38174779 PMCID: PMC10765350 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Venturi
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)Alma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Danela Tassone
- Plastic surgery unitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Carlotta Baraldi
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)Alma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Aurora Alessandrini
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)Alma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Emi Dika
- Oncologic Dermatology UnitIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero‐Universitaria di BolognaBolognaItaly
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)Alma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaBolognaItaly
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Navarrete-Dechent C, Cordova M, Aleissa S, Liopyris K, Dusza SW, Kose K, Busam KJ, Hollman T, Lezcano C, Pulitzer M, Chen CSJ, Lee EH, Rossi AM, Nehal KS. Lentigo maligna melanoma mapping using reflectance confocal microscopy correlates with staged excision: A prospective study. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:371-379. [PMID: 31812621 PMCID: PMC10210015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentigo maligna/lentigo maligna melanoma (LM/LMM) can present with subclinical extension that may be difficult to define preoperatively and lead to incomplete excision and potential recurrence. Preliminarily studies have used reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) to assess LM/LMM margins. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the correlation of LM/LMM subclinical extension defined by RCM compared with the gold standard histopathology. METHODS Prospective study of LM/LMM patients referred for dermatologic surgery. RCM was performed at the clinically defined initial surgical margin followed by margin-controlled staged excision with paraffin-embedded tissue, and histopathology was correlated with RCM results. RESULTS Seventy-two patients were included. Mean age was 66.8 years (standard deviation, 11.1; range, 38-89); 69.4% were men. Seventy of 72 lesions (97.2%) were located on the head and neck with mean largest clinical diameter of 1.3 cm (range, 0.3-5). Diagnostic accuracy for detection of residual melanoma in the tumor debulk (after biopsy) had a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 66.7% when compared with histopathology. RCM margin assessment revealed an overall agreement with final histopathology of 85.9% (κ = 0.71; P < .001). LIMITATIONS No RCM imaging beyond initial planned margins was performed. CONCLUSION RCM showed moderate to excellent overall agreement between RCM imaging of LM/LMM and histopathology of staged excision margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Navarrete-Dechent
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Miguel Cordova
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Saud Aleissa
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Konstantinos Liopyris
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stephen W Dusza
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kivanc Kose
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Klaus J Busam
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Travis Hollman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Cecilia Lezcano
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Melissa Pulitzer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Chih-Shan J Chen
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Erica H Lee
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anthony M Rossi
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kishwer S Nehal
- Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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Nie T, Jiang X, Zheng B, Zhang Y. Effect of reflectance confocal microscopy compared to dermoscopy in the diagnostic accuracy of lentigo maligna: A meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14346. [PMID: 33977614 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many concerns were raised about the sensitivity and specificity outcome of reflectance confocal microscopy compared to dermoscopy for the diagnosis of lentigo maligna. However, the reported relationships between their sensitivity and specificity were variable. Our meta-analysis was performed to clarify this relationship. METHODS A systematic literature search up to July 2020 was performed and six included studies had 479 subjects at the baseline with 294 undergoing lentigo maligna diagnoses. They were reporting relationships between sensitivity and specificity outcome of reflectance confocal microscopy compared to dermoscopy for the diagnosis of lentigo maligna. Mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated to evaluate the prognostic role of the sensitivity and specificity of reflectance confocal microscopy compared to dermoscopy for the diagnosis of lentigo maligna using the continuous method with a random or fixed-effect model. RESULTS Reflectance confocal microscopy was significantly related to higher specificity (MD, 19.10; 95% CI, 0.93-37.28, P = .04) compared to dermoscopy in lentigo maligna diagnosis. However, reflectance confocal microscopy was only relatively but not significantly related to higher sensitivity (MD, 14.56; 95% CI, 0.29-28.83, P = .05) compared to dermoscopy in lentigo maligna diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Based on this meta-analysis, the reflectance confocal microscopy compared to dermoscopy in lentigo maligna diagnosis had a significantly higher specificity and relatively higher sensitivity. This relationship forces us to recommend reflectance confocal microscopy in lentigo maligna diagnosis for better outcomes and to avoid any possible false-negative results. Further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingfen Nie
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuebing Jiang
- Department of Cosmetology, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Haerbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Baoyong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxiu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Baodi Hospital, Baodi Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Garbarino F, Pampena R, Lai M, Pereira AR, Piana S, Cesinaro AM, Cinotti E, Fiorani D, Ciardo S, Farnetani F, Chester J, Pellacani G, Guitera P, Longo C. Flat scalp melanoma dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy features correspond to histopathologic type and lesion location. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1670-1677. [PMID: 33960517 PMCID: PMC8361774 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Dermoscopy and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy (RCM) features of scalp melanoma according to lesion location and histopathology have not been fully investigated. Objectives To reveal dermoscopic and RCM features of scalp melanoma according to lesion location and histopathology. Methods We retrospectively retrieved images of suspicious, atypical excised, flat melanocytic lesions of the scalp, assessed on dermoscopy and RCM at five centres, from June 2007 to April 2020. Lesions were classified according to histopathological diagnoses of nevi, lentigo maligna melanoma (LM/LMM) or superficial spreading melanoma (SSM). Clinical, dermoscopic and RCM images were evaluated; LM/LMM and SSM subtypes were compared through multivariate analysis. Results Two hundred forty‐seven lesions were included. In situ melanomas were mostly LM (81.3%), while invasive melanomas were mostly SSM (75.8%). Male sex, baldness and chronic sun‐damaged skin were associated with all types of melanomas and in particular with LM/LMM. LMs were mostly located in the vertex area and SSM in the frontal (OR: 8.8; P < 0.05, CI 95%) and temporal (OR: 16.7; P < 0.005, CI 95%) areas. The dermoscopy presence of pseudo‐network, pigmented rhomboidal structures, obliterated hair follicles and annular–granular pattern were associated with LM diagnoses, whereas bluish‐white veil was more typical of SSM. Observations on RCM of atypical roundish and dendritic cells in the epidermis were associated with SSM (42.4%) and dendritic cells with LM (62.5%) diagnoses. Folliculotropism on RCM was confirmed as a typical sign of LM. Conclusions Flat scalp melanomas reveal specific dermoscopic and RCM features according to histopathologic type and scalp location.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Garbarino
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - R Pampena
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica-Dermatologia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - M Lai
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica-Dermatologia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - A R Pereira
- Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Piana
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - A M Cesinaro
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - E Cinotti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Science, Dermatology Section, University of Siena, S. Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - D Fiorani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Science, Dermatology Section, University of Siena, S. Maria Alle Scotte Hospital, Siena, Italy
| | - S Ciardo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - F Farnetani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - J Chester
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - G Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology, University of La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
| | - P Guitera
- Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C Longo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica-Dermatologia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Valdés-Morales KL, Peralta-Pedrero ML, Cruz FJS, Morales-Sánchez MA. Diagnostic Accuracy of Dermoscopy of Actinic Keratosis: A Systematic Review. Dermatol Pract Concept 2020; 10:e2020121. [PMID: 33150042 PMCID: PMC7588151 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1004a121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dermoscopy is a tool that aids clinicians in the diagnosis of actinic keratosis; however, few diagnostic accuracy studies have determined its sensitivity and specificity for this diagnosis. OBJECTIVE Determine the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy on actinic keratosis. METHODS A systematic review was conducted on EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials from inception to August 2019. RESULTS We screened 485 titles and abstracts. Two studies comprising 219 actinic keratoses were eligible for qualitative analysis. The number and heterogeneity of included studies limited a quantitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS Studies that focus specifically on the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy for actinic keratosis are lacking.
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Pezzini C, Kaleci S, Chester J, Farnetani F, Longo C, Pellacani G. Reflectance confocal microscopy diagnostic accuracy for malignant melanoma in different clinical settings: systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2268-2279. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Pezzini
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - S. Kaleci
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - J. Chester
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - F. Farnetani
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
| | - C. Longo
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale – IRCCS Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - G. Pellacani
- Dermatology Unit University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Modena Italy
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Hao T, Meng XF, Li CX. A meta-analysis comparing confocal microscopy and dermoscopy in diagnostic accuracy of lentigo maligna. Skin Res Technol 2019; 26:494-502. [PMID: 31811677 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to summarize the sensitivity and specificity between RCM and dermoscopy in LM diagnosis. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to the study. PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Wiley Online Library database were searched for relevant studies. The basic information of the patients, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. I2 was used for the assessment of the heterogeneity. A random-effect model was used for analyzing the data of the literature study. RESULTS A total of 498 patients from 7 articles were included in the study. The articles summarized the sensitivity and specificity between RCM and dermoscopy in the treatment of lentigo maligna. The overall sensitivity of RCM was 0.93, and the overall specificity was 0.89. RCM diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 104.38, RCM positive likelihood (+LR/PLR) was 8.50, and the negative LR (-LR/NLR) was 0.08. The overall sensitivity of dermoscopy was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.58-0.84), and the overall specificity was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.71-0.92). The DOR, +LR, and -LR of dermoscopy were 14.48, 4.65, and 0.32, respectively. CONCLUSION RCM has a better accuracy than dermoscopy in the diagnosis of LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Hao
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xian-Fu Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Lee KJ, Soyer HP. Cutaneous keratinocyte cancers of the head and neck: Epidemiology, risk factors and clinical, dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopic features. Oral Oncol 2019; 98:109-117. [PMID: 31585338 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocyte cancers are the most common malignancy among people with European ancestry, and are very common on sun-exposed areas of the head and neck. Incidence is directly correlated with latitude and annual ultraviolet radiation incidence, although there are a number of other environmental, occupational and genetic risk factors, and keratinocyte cancers become more common at middle age. Basal cell carcinomas (BCC) are the most common, comprising 80% of keratinocyte cancers, but have a very low rate of metastases and low mortality. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) make up 20% of keratinocyte cancers, and have relatively infrequent metastases, at 5-16%. While there are no precursor lesions for BCC, SCC represents the final stage in a spectrum of cellular atypia and dysplasia, from actinic keratoses to in situ SCC to invasive SCC. Dermoscopy is a well-established diagnostic tool for keratinocyte cancers, and reflectance confocal microscopy is emerging as another useful diagnostic tool, particularly on functionally and cosmetically sensitive sites like the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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11
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Zeng X, Qiu Y, Xiang W. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for evaluating common facial hyperpigmentation. Skin Res Technol 2019; 26:215-219. [PMID: 31544996 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical settings, atypical facial hyperpigmentation such as nevus of Ota, acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules (ABNOM), melasma, and café-au-lait spots are often missed and misdiagnosed. Summarizing in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) features of the hyperpigmentation is helpful in the diagnosis of ambiguous lesions. METHODS We recruited 196 patients referred for unequivocal facial hyperpigmentation, including 55 patients with nevus of Ota, 45 patients with ABNOM, 62 patients with melasma, and 34 patients with café-au-lait spots. The RCM images were evaluated at the epidermis, the dermis-epidermis junction (DEJ), and the upper papillary dermis from both hyperpigmented patches and normal skin. RESULTS In the superficial and middle dermis, 41 of 55 patients (74.5%) with nevus of Ota were characterized by a cord-like or lumpy structure between the collagen fibers. And there was no melanin deposition detected in the dermis in 14 of 55 (25.5%) patients. In ABNOM, 37 of 45 (82.2%) patients were characterized by a cord-like or lumpy structure in the superficial dermis and 8 of 45 patients (17.8%) was no melanin deposition detected in the dermis. The epidermis was no difference between nevus of Ota, ABNOM, and the normal skin. Melasma was detected increased cobblestone pattern in the epidermis of all patients, branching architecture in 21 of 62 patients (33.9%), and focally aggregated round to triangular cells in the upper dermis of 18 of 62 patients (29.0%). In all patients with afé-au-lait spots, increased cobblestone pattern in the epidermis and regular and increased density of ringed pattern in the DEJ were visualized. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that RCM may be useful in the auxiliary diagnosis of nevus of Ota, ABNOM, melasma, and café-au-lait spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenzhong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Navarrete-Dechent C, Cordova M, Liopyris K, Rishpon A, Aleissa S, Rossi AM, Lee E, Chen CCJ, Busam KJ, Marghoob AA, Nehal KS. Reflectance confocal microscopy and dermoscopy aid in evaluating repigmentation within or adjacent to lentigo maligna melanoma surgical scars. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 34:74-81. [PMID: 31325402 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determining whether repigmentation within or adjacent to lentigo maligna or lentigo maligna melanoma (LM/LMM) scars represents recurrence of melanoma is challenging. The use of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dermoscopy may aid in differentiating true melanoma recurrence from other causes of repigmentation. OBJECTIVES To describe the characteristics of repigmentation within or adjacent to LM/LMM scars observable on RCM and dermoscopy. METHODS We retrospectively analysed patients who presented with new pigmentation within or adjacent to scars from surgically treated LM/LMM between January 2014 and December 2018. Clinical and demographic characteristics and time to recurrence were recorded. RCM was used to evaluate areas of pigmentation before biopsy. If available, dermoscopic images were also evaluated. RESULTS In total, 30 confocal studies in 29 patients were included in the study cohort. Twenty-one patients had biopsy-confirmed recurrent LM/LMM; the remainder had pigmented actinic keratosis (n = 4) or hyperpigmentation/solar lentigo (n = 5). RCM had sensitivity of 95.24% (95% CI, 76.18-99.88%), specificity of 77.7% (95% CI, 39.99-97.19%), positive predictive value of 90.91% (95% CI, 74.58-97.15%) and negative predictive value of 87.5% (95% CI, 50.04-98.0%). The most common dermoscopic feature observed among patients with recurrent LM/LMM was focal homogeneous or structureless areas of light-brown pigmentation (92.8% vs. 37.5% in patients with other diagnoses; P = 0.009). LM-specific dermoscopic criteria were present in only 28.5% of patients with recurrent LM/LMM. CONCLUSIONS Reflectance confocal microscopy and dermoscopy are valuable tools for the comprehensive evaluation of repigmentation within or adjacent to LM scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Navarrete-Dechent
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Cordova
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - K Liopyris
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Rishpon
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - S Aleissa
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A M Rossi
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Lee
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C-C J Chen
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - K J Busam
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A A Marghoob
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - K S Nehal
- Dermatology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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13
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Carapeba MDOL, Alves Pineze M, Nai GA. Is dermoscopy a good tool for the diagnosis of lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma? A meta-analysis. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2019; 12:403-414. [PMID: 31239744 PMCID: PMC6556474 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s208717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Dermoscopy is a low-cost examination performed by a dermatologist and good for the diagnosis of pigmented lesions. However, dermoscopy diagnosis of lentigo maligna (LM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM) is still questionable. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether dermoscopy is an effective diagnostic method to diagnose LM/LMM from other pigmented skin lesions, and to identify which are the most frequent dermoscopic criteria associated with LM/LMM Methods: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we used the following descriptors: dermoscopy, lentigo maligna, lentigo maligna melanoma, histopathology; and the following databases to search for articles: Cochrane Collaboration, MEDLINE; PMC (PubMed Central) - NIH (National Institutes of Health), EMBASE (The Excerpt Medical Database), and SCISEARCH, from inception to March 30, 2018. The evaluation of studies was performed using the QUADAS (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies)-2 tool. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Itens for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and MOOSE (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines were followed for data extraction. Also, we extracted from each study the dermoscopic criteria most commonly found in the lesions of LM/LMM. Results: This systematic review included 15 articles for qualitative analysis (a total of 2,012 lesions evaluated) and 7 for meta-analysis. In the bivariate model the mean sensitivity was 0.824 and the mean specificity was 0.835. The area under the curve was 0.889. Rhomboid structures, pseudonetwork, and homogeneous areas were the most frequent dermoscopic criteria associated with LM/LMM. Conclusion: These findings suggest that dermoscopy has good accuracy in the diagnosis of LM/LMM. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/QGHCmdQ8Q04
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo de Oliveira Lima Carapeba
- Department of Dermatology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP 19050-680, Brazil.,Medical School, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, 19050-680, Brazil
| | - Mariana Alves Pineze
- Medical School, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, 19050-680, Brazil
| | - Gisele Alborghetti Nai
- Medical School, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, 19050-680, Brazil.,Department of Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, 19050-680, Brazil
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14
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Cinotti E, Fiorani D, Labeille B, Gonzalez S, Debarbieux S, Agozzino M, Ardigò M, Lacarrubba F, Farnetani F, Carrera C, Cevenini G, Le Duff F, Tognetti L, Pellacani G, Rubegni P, Perrot JL. The integration of dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy improves the diagnosis of lentigo maligna. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:e372-e374. [PMID: 31074539 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E Cinotti
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Science, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - D Fiorani
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Science, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - B Labeille
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - S Gonzalez
- Medicine and Medical Specialities Department, Alcalá University, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Debarbieux
- Departments of Dermatology, Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre Benite, France
| | - M Agozzino
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - M Ardigò
- Clinical Dermatology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - F Lacarrubba
- Dermatology Clinic, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F Farnetani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Carrera
- Melanoma Unit, Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Cevenini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Le Duff
- Department of Dermatology, Clinical Research Center, Hopital Archet 2, Nice, France
| | - L Tognetti
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Science, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - G Pellacani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - P Rubegni
- Dermatology Section, Department of Medical, Surgical and Neurological Science, S. Maria alle Scotte Hospital, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - J L Perrot
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of St-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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15
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Ahlgrimm‐Siess V, Weitzer F, Arzberger E, Laimer M, Hofmann‐Wellenhof R. Diagnostischer Nutzen der Konfokalmikroskopie als weiterführende Untersuchungsmethode von Gesichtsläsionen. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019; 17:266-274. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13748_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Ahlgrimm‐Siess
- Abteilung für DermatologieParacelsus Private Medizinische Universität Salzburg Salzburg Österreich
| | - Friedrich Weitzer
- Abteilung für DermatologieMedizinische Universität Graz Graz Österreich
| | - Edith Arzberger
- Abteilung für DermatologieMedizinische Universität Graz Graz Österreich
| | - Martin Laimer
- Abteilung für DermatologieParacelsus Private Medizinische Universität Salzburg Salzburg Österreich
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16
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Agozzino M, Moscarella E, Babino G, Caccavale S, Piccolo V, Argenziano G. The use of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy for the diagnosis of melanoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2019; 19:413-421. [PMID: 30869538 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2019.1593829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) for imaging the skin non-invasively raised constantly during the last decade. One of the main field of application is skin cancer diagnosis, and in particular melanoma diagnosis. Several studies have investigated the diagnostic accuracy of RCM as compared to dermoscopic examination, and its value in enhancing early diagnosis of dermoscopic difficult melanomas. Areas covered: The purpose of this paper was to review the principles behind RCM image acquisition as well as to describe and discuss key RCM features of melanoma. Moreover, we conducted a literature search in order to highlight the current available evidence about RCM sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of melanoma. Expert commentary: During the last decade, we assisted at the increasing interest in non invasive imaging tools for the diagnosis of skin cancer. RCM is one of the most studied of a series of diagnostic methods that are emerging in the field of melanoma imaging. Most probably in the future, RCM will be more frequently available in tertiary referral centres, thus the knowledge of the pros and contra of the tool and its clinical applicability is of upmost importance in order to allow correct referrals with the final aim of improving diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Agozzino
- a Dermatology Unit , University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Elvira Moscarella
- a Dermatology Unit , University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Graziella Babino
- a Dermatology Unit , University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Stefano Caccavale
- a Dermatology Unit , University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piccolo
- a Dermatology Unit , University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Argenziano
- a Dermatology Unit , University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
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17
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Ahlgrimm-Siess V, Weitzer F, Arzberger E, Laimer M, Hofmann-Wellenhof R. Diagnostic impact of reflectance confocal microscopy as a second-level examination for facial skin lesions. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2019; 17:266-273. [PMID: 30667147 PMCID: PMC6850114 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Benign and malignant facial skin lesions may be difficult to differentiate clinically and with dermoscopy. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential utility of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) as a second‐level examination for facial skin neoplasms. Patients and Methods Retrospective and blinded evaluation of 160 consecutive facial lesions was carried out in two separate steps. Clinical and dermoscopic images were assessed first, followed by combined evaluation of clinical/dermoscopic and RCM images. Our study included 60 % malignant lesions, comprising 43 % melanomas, 9 % basal cell carcinomas, 5 % in situ squamous cell carcinomas and 3 % lymphomas. Results Ancillary RCM significantly improved diagnostic specificity for the detection of malignancy compared to clinical/dermoscopic evaluation alone (58 % vs 28 %). However, sensitivity was slightly lower for RCM‐based image evaluation (93 % vs 95 %) due to misclassification of one in situ SCC and one lymphoma. In terms of melanoma diagnosis, RCM‐based image evaluation was generally superior; sensitivity was only slightly increased (88 % vs 87 %), but melanoma specificity was significantly higher (84 % vs 58 %). Conclusion RCM is a valuable diagnostic adjunct for facial skin lesions; unnecessary biopsies in this cosmetically sensitive area could be reduced by one third without missing a melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Ahlgrimm-Siess
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Friedrich Weitzer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Edith Arzberger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Laimer
- Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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18
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The HAM10000 dataset, a large collection of multi-source dermatoscopic images of common pigmented skin lesions. Sci Data 2018; 5:180161. [PMID: 30106392 PMCID: PMC6091241 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Training of neural networks for automated diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions is hampered by the small size and lack of diversity of available datasets of dermatoscopic images. We tackle this problem by releasing the HAM10000 (“Human Against Machine with 10000 training images”) dataset. We collected dermatoscopic images from different populations acquired and stored by different modalities. Given this diversity we had to apply different acquisition and cleaning methods and developed semi-automatic workflows utilizing specifically trained neural networks. The final dataset consists of 10015 dermatoscopic images which are released as a training set for academic machine learning purposes and are publicly available through the ISIC archive. This benchmark dataset can be used for machine learning and for comparisons with human experts. Cases include a representative collection of all important diagnostic categories in the realm of pigmented lesions. More than 50% of lesions have been confirmed by pathology, while the ground truth for the rest of the cases was either follow-up, expert consensus, or confirmation by in-vivo confocal microscopy.
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19
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Beaulieu D, Fathi R, Srivastava D, Nijhawan RI. Current perspectives on Mohs micrographic surgery for melanoma. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:309-320. [PMID: 29950878 PMCID: PMC6016488 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s137513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS), a specialized surgical excision technique used primarily in the treatment of skin cancers, is tissue sparing and provides optimal margin control through evaluation of 100% of both the peripheral and deep margin. The use of MMS for the treatment of malignant melanoma (MM) and melanoma in situ (MIS) has been slow in gaining the same widespread acceptance that it has for keratinocyte carcinomas despite its cost-effectiveness and the growing body of evidence demonstrating similar or improved cure rates to standard wide local excision. However, modern advances in immunohistochemical staining have continued to greatly enhance the ability of Mohs surgeons to interpret MMS frozen sections of melanoma specimens – the primary concern of most opponents of MMS for melanoma. These advances, coupled with an increased recognition by professional organizations of the utility of MMS in treating MM and MIS, have led to a rise in the use of MMS for melanoma in recent years. Given the expanding role of MMS in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, this manuscript will describe how MMS is performed, discuss the rationale and current evidence regarding the use of MMS for MM and MIS, review the immunohistochemical stains currently available for use in MMS, and consider special situations and future directions in this area of growing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramin Fathi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Divya Srivastava
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rajiv I Nijhawan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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20
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Persechino F, De Carvalho N, Ciardo S, De Pace B, Casari A, Chester J, Kaleci S, Stanganelli I, Longo C, Farnetani F, Pellacani G. Folliculotropism in pigmented facial macules: Differential diagnosis with reflectance confocal microscopy. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:227-232. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Persechino
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Nathalie De Carvalho
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
- Skin Cancer Unit Scientific Institute of Romagna for The study and Treatment of Cancer; IRCSS; IRST; Meldola Italy
| | - Silvana Ciardo
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Barbara De Pace
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Alice Casari
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Johanna Chester
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Shaniko Kaleci
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit Scientific Institute of Romagna for The study and Treatment of Cancer; IRCSS; IRST; Meldola Italy
| | - Caterina Longo
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
- Skin Cancer Unit; IRCCS Santa Maria Nuova; Reggio Emilia Italy
| | - Francesca Farnetani
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
| | - Giovanni Pellacani
- Dermatology Department; University of Modena and Reggio Emilia; Modena Italy
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21
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Pan ZY, Dong DK, Chen SJ, Lu LY, Hu TT, Ju Q. In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy in daily practice: Image features correlated to histopathology. Skin Res Technol 2017; 24:223-228. [PMID: 29178413 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z.-Y. Pan
- Department of Dermatology; Renji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - D.-K. Dong
- Department of Dermatology; Wuxi Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University; Wuxi Jiangsu China
| | - S.-J. Chen
- Department of Dermatology; Huashan Hospital; Fudan University; Shanghai China
| | - L.-Y. Lu
- Department of Dermatology; Renji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - T.-T. Hu
- Department of Dermatology; Renji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| | - Q. Ju
- Department of Dermatology; Renji Hospital; School of Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
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