Gomes TF, Calado R, Matos A, Gonçalo M. Contact allergy to antifungals: results of a 12-year retrospective study.
Contact Dermatitis 2022;
86:539-543. [PMID:
35175644 DOI:
10.1111/cod.14076]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Contact allergy has been reported as a side effect of topical antifungals, although most evidence has come from small case series.
OBJECTIVE
Investigate the frequency and associated factors of contact allergy to topical antifungals.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis of the data of the Contact Allergy Unit of a University Dermatology Department, between January 2009 and April 2021. From a cohort of 3788 patients tested in our unit, aimed testing was performed in 482 patients using topical antifungals (Chemotechnique Diagnostic, Vellinge Sweden or AllergEAZE) and, in some cases, commercial preparations "as is".
RESULTS
Contact allergy to antifungals was found in 27 patients (0.71% of consecutively tested patients and 5.6% of those who had aimed testing). Foot and leg eczema were the clinical presentation in 12 (44.4%) and 10 (37.0%) patients, respectively. Positive reactions were observed mostly with econazole nitrate 1% alc. (51.9%), miconazole 1% alc. (48.9%), tioconazole 28% solution (40.7%) and clotrimazole 5% pet. (18.5%). Fifteen patients (55.6%) presented sensitization to more than one antifungal.
CONCLUSIONS
Although contact allergy to antifungals was uncommon and occurred mostly associated with foot dermatitis. Most patients were sensitized to more than one chemical, particularly to azoles, which may limit future choices of topical antifungal treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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