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Lasheras-Pérez MA, Puebla-Tornero L, Cañueto J, de Unamuno-Bustos B, Botella-Estrada R. Oral Ruxolitinib could Increase the Aggressiveness of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A 6-Patient Series. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024:S0001-7310(24)00696-3. [PMID: 39233221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M A Lasheras-Pérez
- Servicio de Dermatología y Venereología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, Valencia, España
| | - L Puebla-Tornero
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España
| | - J Cañueto
- Servicio de Dermatología, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, España; Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, España.
| | - B de Unamuno-Bustos
- Servicio de Dermatología y Venereología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, Valencia, España
| | - R Botella-Estrada
- Servicio de Dermatología y Venereología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, Valencia, España; Departamento de Dermatología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
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Ramesh U, Chiang E, Stafford H, Buell J, Materia F, Amit M, Yaniv D. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Pathological Features and What They Mean for Prognosis and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2866. [PMID: 39199636 PMCID: PMC11352224 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with an incidence that has increased over the past 30 years. Although usually curable with excision, cSCC can become widely metastatic and aggressive with poor outcomes. Whereas the clinical and radiographic extent of any cancer will always guide selection of treatment modality, pathological features of cSCC also play an important role in determining prognosis and, subsequently, the need for further therapy. Therefore, reviewing and summarizing the current literature regarding pathological prognostic indicators of cSCC is essential to improving clinical outcomes. The present literature review yielded depth of invasion, surgical margins, perineural invasion, extranodal extension, lymphovascular invasion, tumor grade, tumor subtype, premalignant lesions, and molecular markers as key prognostic indicators, all with varying recommendations for adjuvant therapy. Notably, some of these factors have not been incorporated into either the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system (8th edition) or National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology for cSCC. This review highlights a need for further research into these prognostic indicators and their role in determining the need for adjuvant treatment in head and neck cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Ramesh
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (U.R.); (E.C.); (H.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Chiang
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (U.R.); (E.C.); (H.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Haleigh Stafford
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (U.R.); (E.C.); (H.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jane Buell
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (U.R.); (E.C.); (H.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Frank Materia
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;
| | - Moran Amit
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dan Yaniv
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Fernandez-Figueras MT, Perez-Muñoz N, Puig L, Posada-Caez R, Ballester Victoria R, Henriquez M, Musulen E. Predictors of Local Invasion in Infiltrative Basal Cell Carcinoma: Tumour Budding Outperforms the WHO Subtyping. Acta Derm Venereol 2024; 104:adv40172. [PMID: 38956962 PMCID: PMC11247513 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v104.40172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour budding (TB) correlates with increased local invasion in various neoplasms. Certain basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) exhibit local aggressiveness. Detecting adverse prognostic factors in partial biopsies could aid in identifying cases with heightened local risk. The absolute number of TB (≤ 3 tumour cells) in excision specimens of 271 infiltrative BCCs (0: absent; 1: 1-2 foci; 2: ≥ 3 foci; 3: ≥ 10 foci), the histopathological subtype and depth of infiltration, perineural invasion, and other histological features were evaluated. A significant correlation was found between TB and both depth of infiltration (rho 0.445, p < 0.001) and perineural invasion (p = 0.009). In the multivariate analysis of depth and perineural invasion (multiple regression, stepwise), TB was identified as a significant covariate together with diameter, inflammation, and perineural invasion for the former, and depth for the latter. Conversely, no correlation existed between the WHO histological subtypes (infiltrating, sclerosing, and micronodular), and depth of infiltration or perineural invasion. This study demonstrates the value of TB as a biomarker for local invasiveness in BCC. In routine practice, a count of ≥ 3 TB foci in lesions incompletely excised or with narrow tumour-free surgical margins would be a straightforward and reproducible method to guide BCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Fernandez-Figueras
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Grupo Quironsalud, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; Affiliation Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Noelia Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Grupo Quironsalud, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; Affiliation Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Puig
- Affiliation Department of Dermatology, IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Affiliation Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Posada-Caez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Grupo Quironsalud, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Ballester Victoria
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Grupo Quironsalud, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martha Henriquez
- Affiliation Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Musulen
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitari General de Catalunya, Grupo Quironsalud, Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; Affiliation Institut de Recerca contra la Leucèmia Josep Carreras
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Ryan MP, Winsett FT, Armenta AM, Goodwin BP, Wagner RF. Lymphovascular Invasion in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Dermatol Surg 2024:00042728-990000000-00754. [PMID: 38603804 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000004187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is a large body of literature regarding risk stratification and outcomes for perineural invasion (PNI) in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), there is a relative paucity of studies exploring the role of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in cSCC and a lack of clear evidence-based guidelines for how to manage patients with these tumors. OBJECTIVE This article is intended to review the available literature regarding LVI in cSCC and formulate evidence-based recommendations for clinical management. METHODS AND MATERIALS A literature review was conducted using PubMed to find relevant articles relating to outcomes and management of primary cSCC with LVI. RESULTS The available literature suggests that LVI is a major risk factor for poor outcomes and increased morbidity and mortality in cSCC. CONCLUSION Lymphovascular invasion is a very high-risk feature that should place these tumors in the highest-risk category, and management of these tumors should be similar to that of squamous cell carcinoma with PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Ryan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Frank T Winsett
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Andrew M Armenta
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Brandon P Goodwin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Richard F Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
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Verdaguer-Faja J, Toll A, Boada A, Guerra-Amor Á, Ferrándiz-Pulido C, Jaka A. Management of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Scalp: The Role of Imaging and Therapeutic Approaches. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:664. [PMID: 38339415 PMCID: PMC10854799 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common subtype of skin cancer. The scalp is one of the most frequently affected locations and is associated with a higher rate of complications, compared to other locations. In addition, it has a characteristic thickness and anatomical structure that may influence both growth pattern and treatment of primary cSCC; while clinical peripheral margins may be easily achieved during the surgery, vertical excision of the tumor is limited by the skull. Despite having a unique anatomy, current guidelines do not contemplate specific recommendations for scalp cSCC, which leads to inconsistent decision-making in multidisciplinary committees when discussing tumors with high risk factors or with close margins. This article provides specific recommendations for the management of patients with scalp cSCC, based on current evidence, as well as those aspects in which evidence is lacking, pointing out possible future lines of research. Topics addressed include epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, imaging techniques, surgical and radiation treatments, systemic therapy for advanced cases, and follow-up. The primary focus of this review is on management of primary cSCC of the scalp with localized disease, although where relevant, some points about recurrent cSCCs or advanced disease cases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Verdaguer-Faja
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.V.-F.); (A.B.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Toll
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Aram Boada
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.V.-F.); (A.B.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Guerra-Amor
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carla Ferrándiz-Pulido
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ane Jaka
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain; (J.V.-F.); (A.B.)
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
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Morelló-Vicente A, Espejo-Marín M, Oteiza-Rius I, Antoñanzas J, Vélez A, Salido-Vallejo R. Increased Risk of Local Recurrence in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Sun-Exposed Skin: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5037. [PMID: 37894404 PMCID: PMC10605016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is increasing over the years. Risk factors for local recurrence and metastasis have been widely studied in highly sun-exposed areas of the body but less data exist about less sun-exposed ones. The main objective of this study is to compare the risk of local recurrence and metastases in patients with cSCC in highly sun-exposed areas compared to cSCC in less sun-exposed areas. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective observational study was carried out, including 558 patients with histopathologically confirmed cSCC at the Reina Sofía University Hospital (HURS), Córdoba, during the period from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020. Demographic, clinical and anatomopathological data were collected. RESULTS Local recurrence occurs more often in highly sun-exposed areas (15.8%) compared to less sun-exposed ones (7.4%) (p < 0.05). However, no differences in the rate of metastases in both groups were found. The presence of affected surgical margins and tumor thickness were identified as independent risk factors for cSCC in low sun-exposure areas. CONCLUSIONS cSCC located in anatomical areas of high sun exposure presented a greater risk of developing local recurrence in our population, which could suggest that these tumors have worse prognosis than those that lie in areas that do not receive chronic sun exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Morelló-Vicente
- Dermatology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.M.-V.); (I.O.-R.); (J.A.)
| | | | - Inés Oteiza-Rius
- Dermatology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.M.-V.); (I.O.-R.); (J.A.)
| | - Javier Antoñanzas
- Dermatology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.M.-V.); (I.O.-R.); (J.A.)
| | - Antonio Vélez
- Dermatology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
| | - Rafael Salido-Vallejo
- Dermatology Department, University Clinic of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (A.M.-V.); (I.O.-R.); (J.A.)
- Dermatology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain;
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Tan B, Seth I, Fischer O, Hewitt L, Melville G, Bulloch G, Ashford B. Sex Disparity for Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235830. [PMID: 36497312 PMCID: PMC9740937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (HNcSCC) is unevenly distributed between men and women. At present, the mechanism behind this disparity remains elusive. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions to investigate the disparity between sexes for patients with HNcSCC. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Emcare and CINAHL were searched in November 2021 and June 2022 (N > 50, English, human), and studies which examined the association between sex and HNcSCC were included. Analysis was conducted using RStudio with data and forest plots displaying males as a proportion of total patients with HNcSCC. Two independent researchers performed study selection, data extraction, data analysis and risk of bias. Eighty-two studies (1948 to 2018) comprising approximately 186,000 participants (67% male, 33% female) from 29 countries were included. Significantly more males had HNcSCC overall (71%; CI: 67−74). Males were also significantly more affected by cSCC of the ear (92%; CI: 89−94), lip (74%; CI: 66−81), and eyelid (56%; CI: 51−62). This study found HNcSCC disproportionately affected males overall and across all subtypes. Improving our understanding of sex-specific mechanisms in HNcSCC will better inform our preventive, therapeutic and prognostic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Tan
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Ishith Seth
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Olivia Fischer
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
| | - Lyndel Hewitt
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-02-42534801
| | - Geoffrey Melville
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Gabriella Bulloch
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Bruce Ashford
- Research Central, Illawarra Shoalhaven Local Health District, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
- Sydney Head and Neck Cancer Institute, Chris O’Brien Lifehouse, 119-143 Missenden Road, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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