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Dornburg A, Zapfe KL, Williams R, Alfaro ME, Morris R, Adachi H, Flores J, Santini F, Near TJ, Frédérich B. Considering Decoupled Phenotypic Diversification Between Ontogenetic Phases in Macroevolution: An Example Using Triggerfishes (Balistidae). Syst Biol 2024; 73:434-454. [PMID: 38490727 DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Across the Tree of Life, most studies of phenotypic disparity and diversification have been restricted to adult organisms. However, many lineages have distinct ontogenetic phases that differ from their adult forms in morphology and ecology. Focusing disproportionately on the evolution of adult forms unnecessarily hinders our understanding of the pressures shaping evolution over time. Non-adult disparity patterns are particularly important to consider for coastal ray-finned fishes, which can have juvenile phases with distinct phenotypes. These juvenile forms are often associated with sheltered nursery environments, with phenotypic shifts between adults and juvenile stages that are readily apparent in locomotor morphology. Whether this ontogenetic variation in locomotor morphology reflects a decoupling of diversification dynamics between life stages remains unknown. Here we investigate the evolutionary dynamics of locomotor morphology between adult and juvenile triggerfishes. We integrate a time-calibrated phylogenetic framework with geometric morphometric approaches and measurement data of fin aspect ratio and incidence, and reveal a mismatch between morphospace occupancy, the evolution of morphological disparity, and the tempo of trait evolution between life stages. Collectively, our results illuminate how the heterogeneity of morpho-functional adaptations can decouple the mode and tempo of morphological diversification between ontogenetic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Dornburg
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Katerina L Zapfe
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - Rachel Williams
- School of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UR, UK
| | - Michael E Alfaro
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Richard Morris
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Haruka Adachi
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Joseph Flores
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Francesco Santini
- Associazione Italiana per lo Studio della Biodiversità, Pisa 56100, Italy
| | - Thomas J Near
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, FOCUS, University of Liège, Quartier AGORA, Allée du six Août 11 (B6c), 4000 Liège, Belgium
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2
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Urošević A, Budečević S, Ljubisavljević K, Tomašević Kolarov N, Ajduković M. Morphological variation, modularity and integration in the scapula and humerus of Lissotriton newts. J Anat 2024; 245:97-108. [PMID: 38429993 PMCID: PMC11161826 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The modular organization of tetrapod paired limbs and girdles, influenced by the expression of Hox genes is one of the primary driving forces of the evolution of animal locomotion. The increased morphological diversification of the paired limbs is correlated with reduced between-limb covariation, while correlation within the elements is usually higher than between the elements. The tailed amphibians, such as Lissotriton newts, have a biphasic lifestyle with aquatic and terrestrial environments imposing different constraints on limb skeleton. By employing the methods of computerized microtomography and 3D geometric morphometrics, we explored the pattern of morphological variation, disparity, modularity and morphological integration in the proximal parts of the anterior limbs of six species of Eurasian small bodied newts. Although the species significantly differ in limb shape, there is a great overlap in morphology of scapula and humerus, and there are no differences in morphological disparity. For the scapula, the shape differences related to the duration of the aquatic period are in length, depth and curvature. The shape of the humerus is not affected by the length of aquatic period, and shape differences between the species are related to robustness of the body. The length of aquatic period has statistically supported phylogenetic signal. The scapula and humerus are structures of varying modularity. For the humerus, the strongest support on the phylogenetic level was for the capitulum/shaft hypothesis, which can also be interpreted as functional modularity. For the scapula, the greatest support was for the antero-posterior hypothesis of modularity in case of Lissotriton vulgaris, which can be explained by different functional roles and muscle insertion patterns, while there was no phylogenetic modularity. The modularity patterns seem to correspond with the general tetrapod pattern, with modularity being more pronounced in the distal structure. The future research should include more salamandrid taxa with different habitat preferences and both adult and larval stages, in order to explore how size, phylogeny and ecology affect the morphology and covariation patterns of limbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Urošević
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Budečević
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Ljubisavljević
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Tomašević Kolarov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Ajduković
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Chatterji RM, Hipsley CA, Sherratt E, Hutchinson MN, Jones MEH. Ontogenetic allometry underlies trophic diversity in sea turtles (Chelonioidea). Evol Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-022-10162-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDespite only comprising seven species, extant sea turtles (Cheloniidae and Dermochelyidae) display great ecological diversity, with most species inhabiting a unique dietary niche as adults. This adult diversity is remarkable given that all species share the same dietary niche as juveniles. These ontogenetic shifts in diet, as well as a dramatic increase in body size, make sea turtles an excellent group to examine how morphological diversity arises by allometric processes and life habit specialisation. Using three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we characterise ontogenetic allometry in the skulls of all seven species and evaluate variation in the context of phylogenetic history and diet. Among the sample, the olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) has a seemingly average sea turtle skull shape and generalised diet, whereas the green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) show different extremes of snout shape associated with their modes of food gathering (grazing vs. grasping, respectively). Our ontogenetic findings corroborate previous suggestions that the skull of the leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) is paedomorphic, having similar skull proportions to hatchlings of other sea turtle species and retaining a hatchling-like diet of relatively soft bodied organisms. The flatback sea turtle (Natator depressus) shows a similar but less extreme pattern. By contrast, the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) shows a peramorphic signal associated with increased jaw muscle volumes that allow predation on hard shelled prey. The Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) has a peramorphic skull shape compared to its sister species the olive ridley, and a diet that includes harder prey items such as crabs. We suggest that diet may be a significant factor in driving skull shape differences among species. Although the small number of species limits statistical power, differences among skull shape, size, and diet are consistent with the hypothesis that shifts in allometric trajectory facilitated diversification in skull shape as observed in an increasing number of vertebrate groups.
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4
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Watanabe J. Detecting (non)parallel evolution in multidimensional spaces: angles, correlations and eigenanalysis. Biol Lett 2022; 18:20210638. [PMID: 35168376 PMCID: PMC8847891 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parallelism between evolutionary trajectories in a trait space is often seen as evidence for repeatability of phenotypic evolution, and angles between trajectories play a pivotal role in the analysis of parallelism. However, properties of angles in multidimensional spaces have not been widely appreciated by biologists. To remedy this situation, this study provides a brief overview on geometric and statistical aspects of angles in multidimensional spaces. Under the null hypothesis that trajectory vectors have no preferred directions (i.e. uniform distribution on hypersphere), the angle between two independent vectors is concentrated around the right angle, with a more pronounced peak in a higher-dimensional space. This probability distribution is closely related to t- and beta distributions, which can be used for testing the null hypothesis concerning a pair of trajectories. A recently proposed method with eigenanalysis of a vector correlation matrix can be connected to the test of no correlation or concentration of multiple vectors, for which simple test procedures are available in the statistical literature. Concentration of vectors can also be examined by tools of directional statistics such as the Rayleigh test. These frameworks provide biologists with baselines to make statistically justified inferences for (non)parallel evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Watanabe
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK
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5
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Araya-Donoso R, San Juan E, Tamburrino Í, Lamborot M, Veloso C, Véliz D. Integrating genetics, physiology and morphology to study desert adaptation in a lizard species. J Anim Ecol 2021; 91:1148-1162. [PMID: 34048024 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Integration of multiple approaches is key to understand the evolutionary processes of local adaptation and speciation. Reptiles have successfully colonized desert environments, that is, extreme and arid conditions that constitute a strong selective pressure on organisms. Here, we studied genomic, physiological and morphological variations of the lizard Liolaemus fuscus to detect adaptations to the Atacama Desert. By comparing populations of L. fuscus inhabiting the Atacama Desert with populations from the Mediterranean forests from central Chile, we aimed at characterizing features related to desert adaptation. We combined ddRAD sequencing with physiological (evaporative water loss, metabolic rate and selected temperature) and morphological (linear and geometric morphometrics) measurements. We integrated the genomic and phenotypic data using redundancy analyses. Results showed strong genetic divergence, along with a high number of fixed loci between desert and forest populations. Analyses detected 110 fixed and 30 outlier loci located within genes, from which 43 were in coding regions, and 12 presented non-synonymous mutations. The candidate genes were associated with cellular membrane and development. Desert lizards presented lower evaporative water loss than those from the forest. Morphological data showed that desert lizards had smaller body size, different allometry, larger eyeballs and more dorsoventrally compressed heads. Our results suggest incipient speciation between desert and forest populations. The adaptive signal must be cautiously interpreted since genetic drift could also contribute to the divergence pattern. Nonetheless, we propose water and resource availability, and changes in habitat structure, as the most relevant challenges for desert reptiles. This study provides insights of the mechanisms that allow speciation as well as desert adaptation in reptiles at multiple levels, and highlights the benefit of integrating independent evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Araya-Donoso
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Núcleo Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Esteban San Juan
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ítalo Tamburrino
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Madeleine Lamborot
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Veloso
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Véliz
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Núcleo Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable de Islas Oceánicas (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
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6
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Tidière M, Gaillard J, Garel M, Lemaître J, Toïgo C, Pélabon C. Variation in the ontogenetic allometry of horn length in bovids along a body mass continuum. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:4104-4114. [PMID: 32489634 PMCID: PMC7244813 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allometric relationships describe the proportional covariation between morphological, physiological, or life-history traits and the size of the organisms. Evolutionary allometries estimated among species are expected to result from species differences in ontogenetic allometry, but it remains uncertain whether ontogenetic allometric parameters and particularly the ontogenetic slope can evolve. In bovids, the nonlinear evolutionary allometry between horn length and body mass in males suggests systematic changes in ontogenetic allometry with increasing species body mass. To test this hypothesis, we estimated ontogenetic allometry between horn length and body mass in males and females of 19 bovid species ranging from ca. 5 to 700 kg. Ontogenetic allometry changed systematically with species body mass from steep ontogenetic allometries over a short period of horn growth in small species to shallow allometry with the growth period of horns matching the period of body mass increase in the largest species. Intermediate species displayed steep allometry over long period of horn growth. Females tended to display shallower ontogenetic allometry with longer horn growth compared to males, but these differences were weak and highly variable. These findings show that ontogenetic allometric slope evolved across species possibly as a response to size-related changes in the selection pressures acting on horn length and body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Tidière
- Department of BiologyCentre for Biodiversity DynamicsNTNUNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Jean‐Michel Gaillard
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR5558 - CNRSUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1Université de LyonVilleurbanneFrance
| | | | - Jean‐François Lemaître
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR5558 - CNRSUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1Université de LyonVilleurbanneFrance
| | - Carole Toïgo
- Office Français pour la BiodiversitéGièresFrance
| | - Christophe Pélabon
- Department of BiologyCentre for Biodiversity DynamicsNTNUNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
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7
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Alarcón-Ríos L, Nicieza AG, Kaliontzopoulou A, Buckley D, Velo-Antón G. Evolutionary History and Not Heterochronic Modifications Associated with Viviparity Drive Head Shape Differentiation in a Reproductive Polymorphic Species, Salamandra salamandra. Evol Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-019-09489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Vukov T, Mirč M, Tomašević Kolarov N, Stamenković S. Urbanization and the common wall lizard (
Podarcis muralis
) in the Pannonian basin, Serbia: nowhere safe? J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Vukov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - M. Mirč
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - N. Tomašević Kolarov
- Department of Evolutionary Biology Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’ University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - S. Stamenković
- Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
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9
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Duport-Bru AS, Ponssa ML, Vera Candioti F. Postmetamorphic ontogenetic allometry and the evolution of skull shape in Nest-building frogs Leptodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Evol Dev 2019; 21:265-277. [PMID: 31356726 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Allometry constitutes an important source of morphological variation. However, its influence in head development in anurans has been poorly explored. By using geometric morphometrics followed by statistical and comparative methods we analyzed patterns of allometric change during cranial postmetamorphic ontogeny in species of Nest-building frogs Leptodactylus (Leptodactylidae). We found that the anuran skull is not a static structure, and allometry plays an important role in defining its shape in this group. Similar to other groups with biphasic life-cycle, and following a general trend in vertebrates, ontogenetic changes mostly involve rearrangement in rostral, otoccipital, and suspensorium regions. Ontogenetic transformations are paralleled by shape changes associated with evolutionary change in size, such that the skulls of species of different intrageneric groups are scaled to each other, and small and large species show patterns of paedomorphic/peramorphic features, respectively. Allometric trajectories producing those phenotypes are highly evolvable though, with shape change direction and magnitude varying widely among clades, and irrespective of changes in absolute body size. These results reinforce the importance of large-scale comparisons of growth patterns to understand the plasticity, evolution, and polarity of morphological changes in different clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana S Duport-Bru
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, (CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María L Ponssa
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, (CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo), Tucumán, Argentina
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10
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Durão AF, Ventura J, Muñoz-Muñoz F. Comparative post-weaning ontogeny of the mandible in fossorial and semi-aquatic water voles. Mamm Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mambio.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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11
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Friedman ST, Martinez CM, Price SA, Wainwright PC. The influence of size on body shape diversification across Indo‐Pacific shore fishes*. Evolution 2019; 73:1873-1884. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T. Friedman
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis California 95616
| | | | - Samantha A. Price
- Department of Biological Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina 29634
| | - Peter C. Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology University of California Davis California 95616
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12
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Gray JA, Sherratt E, Hutchinson MN, Jones MEH. Changes in ontogenetic patterns facilitate diversification in skull shape of Australian agamid lizards. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:7. [PMID: 30621580 PMCID: PMC6325775 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1335-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphological diversity among closely related animals can be the result of differing growth patterns. The Australian radiation of agamid lizards (Amphibolurinae) exhibits great ecological and morphological diversity, which they have achieved on a continent-wide scale, in a relatively short period of time (30 million years). Amphibolurines therefore make an ideal study group for examining ontogenetic allometry. We used two-dimensional landmark-based geometric morphometric methods to characterise the postnatal growth patterns in cranial shape of 18 species of amphibolurine lizards and investigate the associations between cranial morphology, and life habit and phylogeny. RESULTS For most amphibolurine species, juveniles share a similar cranial phenotype, but by adulthood crania are more disparate in shape and occupy different sub-spaces of the total shape space. To achieve this disparity, crania do not follow a common post-natal growth pattern; there are differences among species in both the direction and magnitude of change in morphospace. We found that these growth patterns among the amphibolurines are significantly associated with ecological life habits. The clade Ctenophorus includes species that undergo small magnitudes of shape change during growth. They have dorsoventrally deep, blunt-snouted skulls (associated with terrestrial lifestyles), and also dorsoventrally shallow skulls (associated with saxicolous lifestyles). The sister clade to Ctenophorus, which includes the bearded dragon (Pogona), frill-neck lizard (Chlamydosaurus), and long-nosed dragon (Gowidon), exhibit broad and robust post-orbital regions and differing snout lengths (mainly associated with scansorial lifestyles). CONCLUSIONS Australian agamids show great variability in the timing of development and divergence of growth trajectories which results in a diversity of adult cranial shapes. Phylogenetic signal in cranial morphology appears to be largely overwritten by signals that reflect life habit. This knowledge about growth patterns and skull shape diversity in agamid lizards will be valuable for placing phylogenetic, functional and ecological studies in a morphological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimi A. Gray
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Room 205E, Darling Building North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Emma Sherratt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Room 205E, Darling Building North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Mark N. Hutchinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Room 205E, Darling Building North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
| | - Marc E. H. Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Room 205E, Darling Building North Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide, SA 5000 Australia
- Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD UK
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13
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Urošević A, Ljubisavljević K, Ivanović A. Multilevel assessment of the Lacertid lizard cranial modularity. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Urošević
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | | | - Ana Ivanović
- Institute of Zoology Faculty of Biology University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
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14
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Fernandez Blanco MV, Cassini GH, Bona P. Skull ontogeny of extant caimans: a three-dimensional geometric morphometric approach. ZOOLOGY 2018; 129:69-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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15
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Abstract
Morphological divergence of domesticated as compared to wild forms must result from changes in the ontogenetic process. Species-specific tests for heterochrony have rejected a single explanation of domestic forms representing juveniles of their wild relatives. Ontogenetic allometric trajectories for 12 pairs of wild and domestic mammals were examined using skull growth data for 1070 specimens, including representatives from all lineages in which domestication has occurred. A suite of tests were performed to quantify allometric disparity in wild and domestic forms and assess the extent and patterning of modification to allometric trajectories. Domestication has modified postnatal ontogenetic allometric trajectories in mammals, and has generated disparity, achieved through lengthening of trajectory slopes and alteration to slope angles. Allometric disparity was similar for domestic forms compared to their wild relatives, whereas the magnitude of dispersion along allometric vectors differed between precocial mammals and altricial mammals, underscoring the importance of life history and shared evolutionary history in patterns of ontogenetic variation. The results verify the importance of scaling in the morphological changes associated with domestication. The response to domestication for all measured trajectory parameters was variable across species, suggesting multiple pathways of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A B Wilson
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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16
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Strelin MM, Benitez-Vieyra S, Fornoni J, Klingenberg CP, Cocucci A. The evolution of floral ontogenetic allometry in the Andean genus Caiophora (Loasaceae, subfam. Loasoideae). Evol Dev 2017; 20:29-39. [PMID: 29243890 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The astounding variety of angiosperm flower morphologies has evolved in response to many selective forces. Flower development is highly coordinated and involves developmental associations between size and shape, ontogenetic allometry, which in turn affect the morphology of mature flowers. Although ontogenetic allometries can act as a developmental constraint and may influence adaptive evolution, allometries can evolve themselves and may change rapidly in response to selection. We explored the evolution of ontogenetic allometry in the flowers of 11 species of Loasoideae. Seven species belong to Caiophora, which radiated recently in the central Andes, and contains species that are pollinated by bees, hummingbirds, and small rodents. According to a previous study, the diversification of Caiophora involved departures from simple allometric scaling, but the changes to allometry that enabled flower diversification have not been explored yet. We characterized the ontogenetic allometry of each species with the methods of geometric morphometrics. We studied the evolution of allometries by constructing allometric spaces, in which the allometry of each species is represented by a point and the arrangement of points indicates the relations among allometric trajectories. To examine the history of changes of ontogenetic allometries, we projected the phylogeny into the allometric spaces. Inspection of allometric spaces suggests that ontogenetic variation is limited to a few dominant features. The allometries of the two main functional flower parts under study differ in their evolutionary labilities, and patterns of variation reflect pollination systems, differences in structural organization, and abiotic environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Micaela Strelin
- Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET), Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina
| | - Santiago Benitez-Vieyra
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Córdoba, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Fornoni
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Córdoba, Argentina.,Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Andrea Cocucci
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Córdoba, Argentina.,CONICET, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Córdoba, Argentina
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17
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Esquerré D, Sherratt E, Keogh JS. Evolution of extreme ontogenetic allometric diversity and heterochrony in pythons, a clade of giant and dwarf snakes. Evolution 2017; 71:2829-2844. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Esquerré
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Emma Sherratt
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - J. Scott Keogh
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australia
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18
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Simonsen MK, Siwertsson A, Adams CE, Amundsen PA, Præbel K, Knudsen R. Allometric trajectories of body and head morphology in three sympatric Arctic charr ( Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) morphs. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:7277-7289. [PMID: 28944016 PMCID: PMC5606865 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A study of body and head development in three sympatric reproductively isolated Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus (L.)) morphs from a subarctic lake (Skogsfjordvatn, northern Norway) revealed allometric trajectories that resulted in morphological differences. The three morphs were ecologically assigned to a littoral omnivore, a profundal benthivore and a profundal piscivore, and this was confirmed by genetic analyses (microsatellites). Principal component analysis was used to identify the variables responsible for most of the morphological variation of the body and head shape. The littoral omnivore and the profundal piscivore morph had convergent allometric trajectories for the most important head shape variables, developing bigger mouths and relatively smaller eyes with increasing head size. The two profundal morphs shared common trajectories for the variables explaining most of the body and head shape variation, namely head size relative to body size, placement of the dorsal and pelvic fins, eye size and mouth size. In contrast, the littoral omnivore and the profundal benthivore morphs were not on common allometric trajectories for any of the examined variables. The findings suggest that different selective pressures could have been working on traits related to their trophic niche such as habitat and diet utilization of the three morphs, with the two profundal morphs experiencing almost identical environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Knutsdotter Simonsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Anna Siwertsson
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Colin Ean Adams
- Scottish Centre for Ecology and the Natural Environment IBAHCM, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Per-Arne Amundsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Kim Præbel
- Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics The Norwegian College of Fishery Science UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
| | - Rune Knudsen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø Norway
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19
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Hipsley CA, Müller J. Developmental dynamics of ecomorphological convergence in a transcontinental lizard radiation. Evolution 2017; 71:936-948. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christy A. Hipsley
- School of BioSciences University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Museum Victoria GPO Box 666 Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
- Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Invalidenstr. 43 10115 Berlin Germany
| | - Johannes Müller
- Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Invalidenstr. 43 10115 Berlin Germany
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20
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Powell GL, Russell AP, Jamniczky HA, Hallgrímsson B. Shape Variation in the Dermatocranium of the Greater Short-Horned Lizard Phrynosoma hernandesi (Reptilia: Squamata: Phrynosomatidae). Evol Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-016-9403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Abstract
Allometry refers to the size-related changes of morphological traits and remains an essential concept for the study of evolution and development. This review is the first systematic comparison of allometric methods in the context of geometric morphometrics that considers the structure of morphological spaces and their implications for characterizing allometry and performing size correction. The distinction of two main schools of thought is useful for understanding the differences and relationships between alternative methods for studying allometry. The Gould-Mosimann school defines allometry as the covariation of shape with size. This concept of allometry is implemented in geometric morphometrics through the multivariate regression of shape variables on a measure of size. In the Huxley-Jolicoeur school, allometry is the covariation among morphological features that all contain size information. In this framework, allometric trajectories are characterized by the first principal component, which is a line of best fit to the data points. In geometric morphometrics, this concept is implemented in analyses using either Procrustes form space or conformation space (the latter also known as size-and-shape space). Whereas these spaces differ substantially in their global structure, there are also close connections in their localized geometry. For the model of small isotropic variation of landmark positions, they are equivalent up to scaling. The methods differ in their emphasis and thus provide investigators with flexible tools to address specific questions concerning evolution and development, but all frameworks are logically compatible with each other and therefore unlikely to yield contradictory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Peter Klingenberg
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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22
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Size, shape, and form: concepts of allometry in geometric morphometrics. Dev Genes Evol 2016; 226:113-37. [PMID: 27038023 PMCID: PMC4896994 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-016-0539-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 467] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Allometry refers to the size-related changes of morphological traits and remains an essential concept for the study of evolution and development. This review is the first systematic comparison of allometric methods in the context of geometric morphometrics that considers the structure of morphological spaces and their implications for characterizing allometry and performing size correction. The distinction of two main schools of thought is useful for understanding the differences and relationships between alternative methods for studying allometry. The Gould–Mosimann school defines allometry as the covariation of shape with size. This concept of allometry is implemented in geometric morphometrics through the multivariate regression of shape variables on a measure of size. In the Huxley–Jolicoeur school, allometry is the covariation among morphological features that all contain size information. In this framework, allometric trajectories are characterized by the first principal component, which is a line of best fit to the data points. In geometric morphometrics, this concept is implemented in analyses using either Procrustes form space or conformation space (the latter also known as size-and-shape space). Whereas these spaces differ substantially in their global structure, there are also close connections in their localized geometry. For the model of small isotropic variation of landmark positions, they are equivalent up to scaling. The methods differ in their emphasis and thus provide investigators with flexible tools to address specific questions concerning evolution and development, but all frameworks are logically compatible with each other and therefore unlikely to yield contradictory results.
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23
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24
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Lazić MM, Carretero MA, Crnobrnja-Isailović J, Kaliontzopoulou A. Effects of environmental disturbance on phenotypic variation: an integrated assessment of canalization, developmental stability, modularity, and allometry in lizard head shape. Am Nat 2014; 185:44-58. [PMID: 25560552 DOI: 10.1086/679011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
When populations experience suboptimal conditions, the mechanisms involved in the regulation of phenotypic variation can be challenged, resulting in increased phenotypic variance. This kind of disturbance can be diagnosed by using morphometric tools to study morphological patterns at different hierarchical levels and evaluate canalization, developmental stability, integration, modularity, and allometry. We assess the effect of urbanization on phenotypic variation in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis) by using geometric morphometrics to assess disturbance to head shape development. The head shapes of urban lizards were more variable and less symmetric, suggesting that urban living is more likely to disturb development. Head shape variation was congruent within and across individuals, which indicated that canalization and developmental stability are two related phenomena in these organisms. Furthermore, urban lizards exhibited smaller mean head sizes, divergent size-shape allometries, and increased deviation from within-group allometric lines. This suggests that mechanisms regulating head shape allometry may also be disrupted. The integrated evaluation of several measures of developmental instability at different hierarchical levels, which provided in this case congruent results, can be a powerful methodological guide for future studies, as it enhances the detection of environmental disturbances on phenotypic variation and aids biological interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko M Lazić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
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25
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Cvijanović M, Ivanović A, Kalezić ML, Zelditch ML. The ontogenetic origins of skull shape disparity in theTriturus cristatusgroup. Evol Dev 2014; 16:306-17. [DOI: 10.1111/ede.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Cvijanović
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; 11060 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Ana Ivanović
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology; University of Belgrade; 11000 Belgrade Serbia
| | - Miloš L. Kalezić
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; 11060 Belgrade Serbia
- Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology; University of Belgrade; 11000 Belgrade Serbia
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26
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Giannini NP. Quantitative developmental data in a phylogenetic framework. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2014; 322:558-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Pedro Giannini
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET); Tucumán Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; San Miguel de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
- Department of Mammalogy; American Museum of Natural History; New York New York
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27
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Pélabon C, Firmat C, Bolstad GH, Voje KL, Houle D, Cassara J, Rouzic AL, Hansen TF. Evolution of morphological allometry. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1320:58-75. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Pélabon
- Department of Biology; Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Cyril Firmat
- Department of Biology; Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Geir H. Bolstad
- Department of Biology; Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Kjetil L. Voje
- Department of Biology; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - David Houle
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida
| | - Jason Cassara
- Department of Biological Science; Florida State University; Tallahassee Florida
| | - Arnaud Le Rouzic
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Spéciation; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Thomas F. Hansen
- Department of Biology; Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
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