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Nebel C, Sumasgutner P, Rodseth E, Ingle RA, Childs DZ, Curtis‐Scott O, Amar A. Multigenerational pedigree analysis of wild individually marked black sparrowhawks suggests that dark plumage coloration is a dominant autosomal trait. J Zool (1987) 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Nebel
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Biology University of Turku Turku Finland
| | - P. Sumasgutner
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Behavioral & Cognitive Biology Konrad Lorenz Research Centre (KLF) Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - E. Rodseth
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - R. A. Ingle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - D. Z. Childs
- School of Biosciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - O. Curtis‐Scott
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
| | - A. Amar
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology DSI‐NRF Centre of Excellence University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa
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Botero-Delgadillo E, Gilsenan C, Mueller JC, Kempenaers B. Negative effects of individual heterozygosity on reproductive success in a wild bird population. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:3196-3216. [PMID: 32668071 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary consequences of individual genetic diversity are frequently studied by assessing heterozygosity-fitness correlations (HFCs). The prevalence of positive and negative HFCs and the predominance of general versus local effects in wild populations are far from understood, partly because comprehensive studies testing for both inbreeding and outbreeding depression are lacking. We studied a genetically diverse population of blue tits in southern Germany using a genome-wide set of 87 microsatellites to investigate the relationship between proxies of reproductive success and measures of multilocus and single-locus individual heterozygosity (MLH and SLH). We used complimentary measures of MLH and partitioned markers into functional categories according to their position in the blue tit genome. HFCs based on MLH were consistently negative for functional loci, whereas correlations were rather inconsistent for loci found in nonfunctional areas of the genome. Clutch size was the only reproductive variable showing a general effect. We found evidence for local effects for three measures of reproductive success: arrival date at the breeding site, the probability of breeding at the study site and male reproductive success. For these, we observed consistent, and relatively strong, negative effects at one functional locus. Remarkably, this marker had a similar effect in another blue tit population from Austria (~400 km to the east). We suggest that a genetic local effect on timing of arrival might be responsible for most negative HFCs detected, with carry-over effects on other reproductive traits. This effect could reflect individual differences in the distance between overwintering areas and breeding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Botero-Delgadillo
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Plank Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Carol Gilsenan
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Plank Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Jakob C Mueller
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Plank Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - Bart Kempenaers
- Department of Behavioural Ecology and Evolutionary Genetics, Max Plank Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
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Mitrus C, Mitrus J, Rutkowski R. Individual Heterozygosity Influences Arrival Times and Mating Success of Male Red-Breasted Flycatchers Ficedula parva. Zool Stud 2020; 59:e12. [PMID: 32760458 PMCID: PMC7396921 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2020.59-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between individual heterozygosity of male Red-breasted Flycatchers (Ficedula parva; a small long-distance migratory, socially monogamous bird species) and their mating success, arrival time and age. Using eight polymorphic microsatellite loci, we found that male heterozygosity is related to both mating success and arrival time, but not to age. Mated and earlier arriving males had higher heterozygosity than later arrivals and bachelors, but we did not find a relationship between age and individual heterozygosity of males. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide evidence about the relationship between individual genetic diversity and arrival time, thus arrival time could be used as a signal of individual heterozygosity and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Mitrus
- Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Paleontology, Institute of Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-631 Wrocław, Poland. E-mail: (C. Mitrus)
| | - Joanna Mitrus
- Department of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland. E-mail: (J. Mitrus)
| | - Robert Rutkowski
- Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wilcza 64, 00-679 Warsaw, Poland. E-mail: (Rutkowski)
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Hasselgren M, Angerbjörn A, Eide NE, Erlandsson R, Flagstad Ø, Landa A, Wallén J, Norén K. Genetic rescue in an inbred Arctic fox ( Vulpes lagopus) population. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2814. [PMID: 29593110 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of small populations can reduce fitness through inbreeding depression and impede population growth. Outcrossing with only a few unrelated individuals can increase demographic and genetic viability substantially, but few studies have documented such genetic rescue in natural mammal populations. We investigate the effects of immigration in a subpopulation of the endangered Scandinavian arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), founded by six individuals and isolated for 9 years at an extremely small population size. Based on a long-term pedigree (105 litters, 543 individuals) combined with individual fitness traits, we found evidence for genetic rescue. Natural immigration and gene flow of three outbred males in 2010 resulted in a reduction in population average inbreeding coefficient (f), from 0.14 to 0.08 within 5 years. Genetic rescue was further supported by 1.9 times higher juvenile survival and 1.3 times higher breeding success in immigrant first-generation offspring compared with inbred offspring. Five years after immigration, the population had more than doubled in size and allelic richness increased by 41%. This is one of few studies that has documented genetic rescue in a natural mammal population suffering from inbreeding depression and contributes to a growing body of data demonstrating the vital connection between genetics and individual fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Hasselgren
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Angerbjörn
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina E Eide
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rasmus Erlandsson
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Arild Landa
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, 7485 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan Wallén
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Norén
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Chakarov N, Pauli M, Krüger O. Immune responses link parasite genetic diversity, prevalence and plumage morphs in common buzzards. Evol Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-016-9871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Long-term effective population size dynamics of an intensively monitored vertebrate population. Heredity (Edinb) 2016; 117:290-9. [PMID: 27553455 DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2016.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term genetic data from intensively monitored natural populations are important for understanding how effective population sizes (Ne) can vary over time. We therefore genotyped 1622 common buzzard (Buteo buteo) chicks sampled over 12 consecutive years (2002-2013 inclusive) at 15 microsatellite loci. This data set allowed us to both compare single-sample with temporal approaches and explore temporal patterns in the effective number of parents that produced each cohort in relation to the observed population dynamics. We found reasonable consistency between linkage disequilibrium-based single-sample and temporal estimators, particularly during the latter half of the study, but no clear relationship between annual Ne estimates () and census sizes. We also documented a 14-fold increase in between 2008 and 2011, a period during which the census size doubled, probably reflecting a combination of higher adult survival and immigration from further afield. Our study thus reveals appreciable temporal heterogeneity in the effective population size of a natural vertebrate population, confirms the need for long-term studies and cautions against drawing conclusions from a single sample.
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Peters L, Humble E, Kröcker N, Fuchs B, Forcada J, Hoffman JI. Born blonde: a recessive loss-of-function mutation in the melanocortin 1 receptor is associated with cream coat coloration in Antarctic fur seals. Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5705-17. [PMID: 27547348 PMCID: PMC4983585 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the genetic basis of color variation has been extensively studied in humans and domestic animals, the genetic polymorphisms responsible for different color morphs remain to be elucidated in many wild vertebrate species. For example, hypopigmentation has been observed in numerous marine mammal species but the underlying mutations have not been identified. A particularly compelling candidate gene for explaining color polymorphism is the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), which plays a key role in the regulation of pigment production. We therefore used Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) as a highly tractable marine mammal system with which to test for an association between nucleotide variation at the MC1R and melanin‐based coat color phenotypes. By sequencing 70 wild‐type individuals with dark‐colored coats and 26 hypopigmented individuals with cream‐colored coats, we identified a nonsynonymous mutation that results in the substitution of serine with phenylalanine at an evolutionarily highly conserved structural domain. All of the hypopigmented individuals were homozygous for the allele coding for phenylalanine, consistent with a recessive loss‐of‐function allele. In order to test for cryptic population structure, which can generate artefactual associations, and to evaluate whether homozygosity at the MC1R could be indicative of low genome‐wide heterozygosity, we also genotyped all of the individuals at 50 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We were unable to detect any population structure and also found that wild‐type and hypopigmented individuals did not differ significantly in their standardized multilocus heterozygosity. Such a lack of association implies that hypopigmented individuals are unlikely to suffer disproportionately from inbreeding depression, and hence, we have no reason to believe that they are at a selective disadvantage in the wider population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Peters
- Department of Animal Behaviour University of Bielefeld Postfach 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany; College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow Graham Kerr Building Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
| | - Emily Humble
- Department of Animal Behaviour University of Bielefeld Postfach 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany; British Antarctic Survey High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 OET UK
| | - Nicole Kröcker
- Department of Animal Behaviour University of Bielefeld Postfach 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Birgit Fuchs
- Department of Animal Behaviour University of Bielefeld Postfach 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Jaume Forcada
- British Antarctic Survey High Cross, Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 OET UK
| | - Joseph I Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behaviour University of Bielefeld Postfach 100131 33501 Bielefeld Germany
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Pauli M, Chakarov N, Rupp O, Kalinowski J, Goesmann A, Sorenson MD, Krüger O, Hoffman JI. De novo assembly of the dual transcriptomes of a polymorphic raptor species and its malarial parasite. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:1038. [PMID: 26645667 PMCID: PMC4673757 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-2254-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of non-model species are important for understanding the molecular processes underpinning phenotypic variation under natural ecological conditions. The common buzzard (Buteo buteo; Aves: Accipitriformes) is a widespread and common Eurasian raptor with three distinct plumage morphs that differ in several fitness-related traits, including parasite infestation. To provide a genomic resource for plumage polymorphic birds in general and to search for candidate genes relating to fitness, we generated a transcriptome from a single dead buzzard specimen plus easily accessible, minimally invasive samples from live chicks. RESULTS We not only de novo assembled a near-complete buzzard transcriptome, but also obtained a significant fraction of the transcriptome of its malaria-like parasite, Leucocytozoon buteonis. By identifying melanogenesis-related transcripts that are differentially expressed in light ventral and dark dorsal feathers, but which are also expressed in other regions of the body, we also identified a suite of candidate genes that could be associated with fitness differences among the morphs. These include several immune-related genes, providing a plausible link between melanisation and parasite load. qPCR analysis of a subset of these genes revealed significant differences between ventral and dorsal feathers and an additional effect of morph. CONCLUSION This new resource provides preliminary insights into genes that could be involved in fitness differences between the buzzard colour morphs, and should facilitate future studies of raptors and their malaria-like parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Pauli
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Nayden Chakarov
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Present address: Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Oliver Rupp
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alexander Goesmann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-University, 35390, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Krüger
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Joseph Ivan Hoffman
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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Chakarov N, Pauli M, Mueller AK, Potiek A, Grünkorn T, Dijkstra C, Krüger O. Territory Quality and Plumage Morph Predict Offspring Sex Ratio Variation in a Raptor. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138295. [PMID: 26445010 PMCID: PMC4596812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents may adapt their offspring sex ratio in response to their own phenotype and environmental conditions. The most significant causes for adaptive sex-ratio variation might express themselves as different distributions of fitness components between sexes along a given variable. Several causes for differential sex allocation in raptors with reversed sexual size dimorphism have been suggested. We search for correlates of fledgling sex in an extensive dataset on common buzzards Buteo buteo, a long-lived bird of prey. Larger female offspring could be more resource-demanding and starvation-prone and thus the costly sex. Prominent factors such as brood size and laying date did not predict nestling sex. Nonetheless, lifetime sex ratio (LSR, potentially indicative of individual sex allocation constraints) and overall nestling sex were explained by territory quality with more females being produced in better territories. Additionally, parental plumage morphs and the interaction of morph and prey abundance tended to explain LSR and nestling sex, indicating local adaptation of sex allocation However, in a limited census of nestling mortality, not females but males tended to die more frequently in prey-rich years. Also, although females could have potentially longer reproductive careers, a subset of our data encompassing full individual life histories showed that longevity and lifetime reproductive success were similarly distributed between the sexes. Thus, a basis for adaptive sex allocation in this population remains elusive. Overall, in common buzzards most major determinants of reproductive success appeared to have no effect on sex ratio but sex allocation may be adapted to local conditions in morph-specific patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayden Chakarov
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, PO Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Martina Pauli
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, PO Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anna-Katharina Mueller
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, PO Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Astrid Potiek
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, PO Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Cor Dijkstra
- Behavioural Biology, University of Groningen, PO Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver Krüger
- Department of Animal Behaviour, Bielefeld University, PO Box 10 01 31, 33501, Bielefeld, Germany
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