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Lucotte EA, Albiñana C, Laurent R, Bhérer C, Bataillon T, Toupance B. Detection of sexually antagonistic transmission distortions in trio datasets. Evol Lett 2022; 6:203-216. [PMID: 35386833 PMCID: PMC8966469 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphisms are widespread in animals and plants, for morphological as well as physiological traits. Understanding the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism and its evolution is crucial for understanding biological differences between the sexes. Genetic variants with sex‐antagonistic effects on fitness are expected to segregate in populations at the early phases of sexual dimorphism emergence. Detecting such variants is notoriously difficult, and the few genome‐scan methods employed so far have limited power and little specificity. Here, we propose a new framework to detect a signature of sexually antagonistic (SA) selection. We rely on trio datasets where sex‐biased transmission distortions can be directly tracked from parents to offspring, and identify signals of SA transmission distortions in genomic regions. We report the genomic location of six candidate regions detected in human populations as potentially under sexually antagonist selection. We find an enrichment of genes associated with embryonic development within these regions. Last, we highlight two candidate regions for SA selection in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise A. Lucotte
- Bioinformatic Research Center Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
- Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris Paris 75016 France
- Cancer Epidemiology: Gene and Environment INSERM U1018 Paris 75654 France
- Ecologie Systématique Evolution Univ. Paris‐Sud, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris‐Saclay Orsay 91400 France
| | - Clara Albiñana
- Bioinformatic Research Center Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus 8210 Denmark
| | - Romain Laurent
- Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris Paris 75016 France
| | - Claude Bhérer
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine McGill University Montreal QC H3G 2M1 Canada
| | - Thomas Bataillon
- Bioinformatic Research Center Aarhus University Aarhus 8000 Denmark
| | - Bruno Toupance
- Eco‐anthropologie (EA) Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris Paris 75016 France
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2
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Wedell N. Selfish genes and sexual selection: the impact of genomic parasites on host reproduction. J Zool (1987) 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Wedell
- Biosciences University of Exeter, Penryn Campus Penryn UK
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3
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Clark FE, Kocher TD. Changing sex for selfish gain: B chromosomes of Lake Malawi cichlid fish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20213. [PMID: 31882583 PMCID: PMC6934658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
B chromosomes are extra, non-essential chromosomes present in addition to the normal complement of A chromosomes. Many species of cichlid fish in Lake Malawi carry a haploid, female-restricted B chromosome. Here we show that this B chromosome exhibits drive, with an average transmission rate of 70%. The offspring of B-transmitting females exhibit a strongly female-biased sex ratio. Genotyping of these offspring reveals the B chromosome carries a female sex determiner that is epistatically dominant to an XY system on linkage group 7. We suggest that this sex determiner evolved to enhance the meiotic drive of the B chromosome. This is some of the first evidence that female meiotic drive can lead to the invasion of new sex chromosomes solely to benefit the driver, and not to compensate for skewed sex ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E Clark
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Thomas D Kocher
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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4
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Larner W, Price T, Holman L, Wedell N. An X-linked meiotic drive allele has strong, recessive fitness costs in female Drosophila pseudoobscura. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20192038. [PMID: 31771473 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.2038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Selfish 'meiotic drive' alleles are transmitted to more than 50% of offspring, allowing them to rapidly invade populations even if they reduce the fitness of individuals carrying them. Theory predicts that drivers should either fix or go extinct, yet some drivers defy these predictions by persisting at low, stable frequencies for decades. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that drivers are especially costly when homozygous, although empirical tests of this idea are rare and equivocal. Here, we measure the fitness of female Drosophila pseudoobscura carrying zero, one or two copies of the X-linked driver sex ratio (SR). SR had strong negative effects on female offspring production and the probability of reproductive failure, and these effects were largely similar across four genetic backgrounds. SR was especially costly when homozygous. We used our fitness measurements to parametrize a population genetic model, and found that the female fitness costs observed here can explain the puzzlingly low allele frequency of SR in nature. We also use the model to show how spatial variation in female mating behaviour, fitness costs of SR and the reduced siring success of SR males can jointly explain the north-south cline in SR frequencies across North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Larner
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Tom Price
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Luke Holman
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Nina Wedell
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
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5
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Lindholm A, Sutter A, Künzel S, Tautz D, Rehrauer H. Effects of a male meiotic driver on male and female transcriptomes in the house mouse. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191927. [PMID: 31718496 PMCID: PMC6892043 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Not all genetic loci follow Mendel's rules, and the evolutionary consequences of this are not yet fully known. Genomic conflict involving multiple loci is a likely outcome, as restoration of Mendelian inheritance patterns will be selected for, and sexual conflict may also arise when sexes are differentially affected. Here, we investigate effects of the t haplotype, an autosomal male meiotic driver in house mice, on genome-wide gene expression patterns in males and females. We analysed gonads, liver and brain in adult same-sex sibling pairs differing in genotype, allowing us to identify t-associated differences in gene regulation. In testes, only 40% of differentially expressed genes mapped to the approximately 708 annotated genes comprising the t haplotype. Thus, much of the activity of the t haplotype occurs in trans, and as upregulation. Sperm maturation functions were enriched among both cis and trans acting t haplotype genes. Within the t haplotype, we observed more downregulation and differential exon usage. In ovaries, liver and brain, the majority of expression differences mapped to the t haplotype, and were largely independent of the differences seen in the testis. Overall, we found widespread transcriptional effects of this male meiotic driver in the house mouse genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lindholm
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Sutter
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- School of Biological Sciences, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Sven Künzel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Diethard Tautz
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Hubert Rehrauer
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, ETH Zurich/University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Ponnikas S, Sigeman H, Abbott JK, Hansson B. Why Do Sex Chromosomes Stop Recombining? Trends Genet 2018; 34:492-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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Paczolt KA, Reinhardt JA, Wilkinson GS. Contrasting patterns of X-chromosome divergence underlie multiple sex-ratio polymorphisms in stalk-eyed flies. J Evol Biol 2017; 30:1772-1784. [PMID: 28688201 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sex-linked segregation distorters cause offspring sex ratios to differ from equality. Theory predicts that such selfish alleles may either go to fixation and cause extinction, reach a stable polymorphism or initiate an evolutionary arms race with genetic modifiers. The extent to which a sex ratio distorter follows any of these trajectories in nature is poorly known. Here, we used X-linked sequence and simple tandem repeat data for three sympatric species of stalk-eyed flies (Teleopsis whitei and two cryptic species of T. dalmanni) to infer the evolution of distorting X chromosomes. By screening large numbers of field and recently laboratory-bred flies, we found no evidence of males with strongly female-biased sex ratio phenotypes (SR) in one species but high frequencies of SR males in the other two species. In the two species with SR males, we find contrasting patterns of X-chromosome evolution. T. dalmanni-1 shows chromosome-wide differences between sex-ratio (XSR ) and standard (XST ) X chromosomes consistent with a relatively old sex-ratio haplotype based on evidence including genetic divergence, an inversion polymorphism and reduced recombination among XSR chromosomes relative to XST chromosomes. In contrast, we found no evidence of genetic divergence on the X between males with female-biased and nonbiased sex ratios in T. whitei. Taken with previous studies that found evidence of genetic suppression of sex ratio distortion in this clade, our results illustrate that sex ratio modification in these flies is undergoing recurrent evolution with diverse genomic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Paczolt
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - J A Reinhardt
- Department of Biology, SUNY Geneseo, Geneseo, NY, USA
| | - G S Wilkinson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA
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8
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Abstract
Mutation generates a steady supply of genetic variation that, while occasionally useful for adaptation, is more often deleterious for fitness. Recent research has emphasized that the fitness effects of mutations often differ between the sexes, leading to important evolutionary consequences for the maintenance of genetic variation and long-term population viability. Some forms of sex-specific selection-i.e., stronger purifying selection in males than females-can help purge a population's load of female-harming mutations and promote population growth. Other scenarios-e.g., sexually antagonistic selection, in which mutations that harm females are beneficial for males-inflate genetic loads and potentially dampen population viability. Evolutionary processes of sexual antagonism and purifying selection are likely to impact the evolutionary dynamics of different loci within a genome, yet theory has mostly ignored the potential for interactions between such loci to jointly shape the evolutionary genetic basis of female and male fitness variation. Here, we show that sexually antagonistic selection at a locus tends to elevate the frequencies of deleterious alleles at tightly linked loci that evolve under purifying selection. Moreover, haplotypes that segregate for different sexually antagonistic alleles accumulate different types of deleterious mutations. Haplotypes that carry female-benefit sexually antagonistic alleles preferentially accumulate mutations that are primarily male harming, whereas male-benefit haplotypes accumulate mutations that are primarily female harming. The theory predicts that sexually antagonistic selection should shape the genomic organization of genetic variation that differentially impacts female and male fitness, and contribute to sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fitness variation.
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9
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Rydzewski WT, Carioscia SA, Liévano G, Lynch VD, Patten MM. Sexual antagonism and meiotic drive cause stable linkage disequilibrium and favour reduced recombination on the X chromosome. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1247-56. [PMID: 26999777 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sexual antagonism and meiotic drive are sex-specific evolutionary forces with the potential to shape genomic architecture. Previous theory has found that pairing two sexually antagonistic loci or combining sexual antagonism with meiotic drive at linked autosomal loci augments genetic variation, produces stable linkage disequilibrium (LD) and favours reduced recombination. However, the influence of these two forces has not been examined on the X chromosome, which is thought to be enriched for sexual antagonism and meiotic drive. We investigate the evolution of the X chromosome under both sexual antagonism and meiotic drive with two models: in one, both loci experience sexual antagonism; in the other, we pair a meiotic drive locus with a sexually antagonistic locus. We find that LD arises between the two loci in both models, even when the two loci freely recombine in females and that driving haplotypes will be enriched for male-beneficial alleles, further skewing sex ratios in these populations. We introduce a new measure of LD, Dz', which accounts for population allele frequencies and is appropriate for instances where these are sex specific. Both models demonstrate that natural selection favours modifiers that reduce the recombination rate. These results inform observed patterns of congealment found on driving X chromosomes and have implications for patterns of natural variation and the evolution of recombination rates on the X chromosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Rydzewski
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S A Carioscia
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - G Liévano
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - V D Lynch
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M M Patten
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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10
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Lindholm AK, Dyer KA, Firman RC, Fishman L, Forstmeier W, Holman L, Johannesson H, Knief U, Kokko H, Larracuente AM, Manser A, Montchamp-Moreau C, Petrosyan VG, Pomiankowski A, Presgraves DC, Safronova LD, Sutter A, Unckless RL, Verspoor RL, Wedell N, Wilkinson GS, Price TA. The Ecology and Evolutionary Dynamics of Meiotic Drive. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:315-326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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11
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Fishman L, Kelly JK. Centromere-associated meiotic drive and female fitness variation in Mimulus. Evolution 2015; 69:1208-18. [PMID: 25873401 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Female meiotic drive, in which chromosomal variants preferentially segregate to the egg pole during asymmetric female meiosis, is a theoretically pervasive but still mysterious form of selfish evolution. Like other selfish genetic elements, driving chromosomes may be maintained as balanced polymorphisms by pleiotropic or linked fitness costs. A centromere-associated driver (D) with a ∼58:42 female-specific transmission advantage occurs at intermediate frequency (32-40%) in the Iron Mountain population of the yellow monkeyflower, Mimulus guttatus. Previously determined male fertility costs are sufficient to prevent the fixation of D, but predict a higher equilibrium frequency. To better understand the dynamics and effects of D, we developed a new population genetic model and measured genotype-specific lifetime female fitness in the wild. In three of four years, and across all years, D imposed significant recessive seedset costs, most likely due to hitchhiking by deleterious mutations. With both male and female costs as measured, and 58:42 drive, our model predicts an equilibrium frequency of D (38%) very close to the observed value. Thus, D represents a rare selfish genetic element whose local population genetic dynamics have been fully parameterized, and the observation of equilibrium sets the stage for investigations of coevolution with suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lila Fishman
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Montana, Missoula, 59812.
| | - John K Kelly
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Kansas, Lawrence, 66045
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12
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Wilkinson GS, Breden F, Mank JE, Ritchie MG, Higginson AD, Radwan J, Jaquiery J, Salzburger W, Arriero E, Barribeau SM, Phillips PC, Renn SCP, Rowe L. The locus of sexual selection: moving sexual selection studies into the post-genomics era. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:739-55. [PMID: 25789690 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sexual selection drives fundamental evolutionary processes such as trait elaboration and speciation. Despite this importance, there are surprisingly few examples of genes unequivocally responsible for variation in sexually selected phenotypes. This lack of information inhibits our ability to predict phenotypic change due to universal behaviours, such as fighting over mates and mate choice. Here, we discuss reasons for this apparent gap and provide recommendations for how it can be overcome by adopting contemporary genomic methods, exploiting underutilized taxa that may be ideal for detecting the effects of sexual selection and adopting appropriate experimental paradigms. Identifying genes that determine variation in sexually selected traits has the potential to improve theoretical models and reveal whether the genetic changes underlying phenotypic novelty utilize common or unique molecular mechanisms. Such a genomic approach to sexual selection will help answer questions in the evolution of sexually selected phenotypes that were first asked by Darwin and can furthermore serve as a model for the application of genomics in all areas of evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Wilkinson
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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