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Modica A, Lalagüe H, Muratorio S, Scotti I. Rolling down that mountain: microgeographical adaptive divergence during a fast population expansion along a steep environmental gradient in European beech. Heredity (Edinb) 2024; 133:99-112. [PMID: 38890557 PMCID: PMC11286953 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-024-00696-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Forest tree populations harbour high genetic diversity thanks to large effective population sizes and strong gene flow, allowing them to diversify through adaptation to local environmental pressures within dispersal distance. Many tree populations also experienced historical demographic fluctuations, including spatial population contraction or expansions at various temporal scales, which may constrain their ability to adapt to environmental variations. Our aim is to investigate how recent contraction and expansion events interfere with local adaptation, by studying patterns of adaptive divergence between closely related stands undergoing environmentally contrasted conditions, and having or not recently expanded. To investigate genome-wide signatures of local adaptation while accounting for demography, we analysed divergence in a European beech population by testing pairwise differentiation among four tree stands at ~35k Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms from ~9k genomic regions. We applied three divergence outlier search methods resting on different assumptions and targeting either single SNPs or contiguous genomic regions, while accounting for the effect of population size variations on genetic divergence. We found 27 signals of selective signatures in 19 target regions. Putatively adaptive divergence involved all stand pairs. We retrieved signals both when comparing old-growth stands and recently colonised areas and when comparing stands within the old-growth area. Therefore, adaptive divergence processes have taken place both over short time spans, under strong environmental contrasts, and over short ecological gradients, in populations that have been stable in the long term. This suggests that standing genetic variation supports local, microgeographic divergence processes, which can maintain genetic diversity at the landscape level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Modica
- INRAE, URFM, 228, Route de l'Aérodrome, 84914, Avignon, France
| | - Hadrien Lalagüe
- INRAE, EcoFoG, Campus agronomique, 97310, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Sylvie Muratorio
- INRAE, EcoBioP, 173, Route de Saint-Jean-de-Luz RD 918, 64310, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Ivan Scotti
- INRAE, URFM, 228, Route de l'Aérodrome, 84914, Avignon, France.
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2
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Fouqueau L, Polechová J. Eco-evolutionary dynamics in changing environments: integrating theory with data. J Evol Biol 2024; 37:579-587. [PMID: 38941551 DOI: 10.1093/jeb/voae067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Fouqueau
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Jitka Polechová
- Department of Mathematics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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3
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Global invasion history and native decline of the common starling: insights through genetics. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFew invasive birds are as globally successful as the Common or European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Native to the Palearctic, the starling has been intentionally introduced to North and South America, South Africa, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, enabling us to explore species traits that may contribute to its invasion success. Coupling the rich studies of life history and more recent explorations of genomic variation among invasions, we illustrate how eco-evolutionary dynamics shape the invasion success of this long-studied and widely distributed species. Especially informative is the comparison between Australian and North American invasions, because these populations colonized novel ranges concurrently and exhibit shared signals of selection despite distinct population histories. In this review, we describe population dynamics across the native and invasive ranges, identify putatively selected traits that may influence the starling’s spread, and suggest possible determinants of starling success world-wide. We also identify future opportunities to utilize this species as a model for avian invasion research, which will inform our understanding of species’ rapid evolution in response to environmental change.
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4
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Escalante MA, Marková S, Searle JB, Kotlík P. Genic distribution modelling predicts adaptation of the bank vole to climate change. Commun Biol 2022; 5:981. [PMID: 36114276 PMCID: PMC9481625 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03935-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The most likely pathway for many species to survive future climate change is by pre-existing trait variation providing a fitness advantage under the new climate. Here we evaluate the potential role of haemoglobin (Hb) variation in bank voles under future climate change. We model gene-climate relationships for two functionally distinct Hb types, HbS and HbF, which have a north-south distribution in Britain presenting an unusually tractable system linking genetic variation in physiology to geographical and temporal variation in climate. Projections to future climatic conditions suggest a change in relative climatic suitability that would result in HbS being displaced by HbF in northern Britain. This would facilitate local adaptation to future climate—without Hb displacement, populations in northern Britain would likely be suboptimally adapted because their Hb would not match local climatic conditions. Our study shows how pre-existing physiological differences can influence the adaptive capacity of species to climate change. Haemoglobin variation in British bank voles combined with climate models predict future regional allelic replacement reflecting capacity for adaptation to climate change.
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5
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Genetic architecture of dispersal and local adaptation drives accelerating range expansions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121858119. [PMID: 35895682 PMCID: PMC9353510 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121858119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Contemporary evolution has the potential to significantly alter biotic responses to global change, including range expansion dynamics and biological invasions. Models predicting range dynamics often make highly simplifying assumptions about the genetic architecture underlying relevant traits. However, genetic architecture defines evolvability and higher-order evolutionary processes, which determine whether evolution will be able to keep up with environmental change or not. Therefore, we here study the impact of the genetic architecture of dispersal and local adaptation, two central traits of high relevance for range expansions, on the dynamics and predictability of invasion into an environmental gradient, such as temperature. In our theoretical model we assume that dispersal and local adaptation traits result from the products of two noninteracting gene-regulatory networks (GRNs). We compare our model to simpler quantitative genetics models and show that in the GRN model, range expansions are accelerating and less predictable. We further find that accelerating dynamics in the GRN model are primarily driven by an increase in the rate of local adaptation to novel habitats which results from greater sensitivity to mutation (decreased robustness) and increased gene expression. Our results highlight how processes at microscopic scales, here within genomes, can impact the predictions of large-scale, macroscopic phenomena, such as range expansions, by modulating the rate of evolution.
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6
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Tepolt CK, Grosholz ED, de Rivera CE, Ruiz GM. Balanced polymorphism fuels rapid selection in an invasive crab despite high gene flow and low genetic diversity. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:55-69. [PMID: 34431151 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation across environmental gradients has been demonstrated in numerous systems with extensive dispersal, despite high gene flow and consequently low genetic structure. The speed and mechanisms by which such adaptation occurs remain poorly resolved, but are critical to understanding species spread and persistence in a changing world. Here, we investigate these mechanisms in the European green crab Carcinus maenas, a globally distributed invader. We focus on a northwestern Pacific population that spread across >12 degrees of latitude in 10 years from a single source, following its introduction <35 years ago. Using six locations spanning >1500 km, we examine genetic structure using 9376 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We find high connectivity among five locations, with significant structure between these locations and an enclosed lagoon with limited connectivity to the coast. Among the five highly connected locations, the only structure observed was a cline driven by a handful of SNPs strongly associated with latitude and winter temperature. These SNPs are almost exclusively found in a large cluster of genes in strong linkage disequilibrium that was previously identified as a candidate for cold tolerance adaptation in this species. This region may represent a balanced polymorphism that evolved to promote rapid adaptation in variable environments despite high gene flow, and which now contributes to successful invasion and spread in a novel environment. This research suggests an answer to the paradox of genetically depauperate yet successful invaders: populations may be able to adapt via a few variants of large effect despite low overall diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn K Tepolt
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edwin D Grosholz
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Catherine E de Rivera
- Department of Environmental Science and Management, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gregory M Ruiz
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Smithsonian Institution, Edgewater, Maryland, USA
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7
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Konečná V, Yant L, Kolář F. The Evolutionary Genomics of Serpentine Adaptation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:574616. [PMID: 33391295 PMCID: PMC7772150 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.574616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Serpentine barrens are among the most challenging settings for plant life. Representing a perfect storm of hazards, serpentines consist of broadly skewed elemental profiles, including abundant toxic metals and low nutrient contents on drought-prone, patchily distributed substrates. Accordingly, plants that can tolerate the challenges of serpentine have fascinated biologists for decades, yielding important insights into adaptation to novel ecologies through physiological change. Here we highlight recent progress from studies which demonstrate the power of serpentine as a model for the genomics of adaptation. Given the moderate - but still tractable - complexity presented by the mix of hazards on serpentine, these venues are well-suited for the experimental inquiry of adaptation both in natural and manipulated conditions. Moreover, the island-like distribution of serpentines across landscapes provides abundant natural replicates, offering power to evolutionary genomic inference. Exciting recent insights into the genomic basis of serpentine adaptation point to a partly shared basis that involves sampling from common allele pools available from retained ancestral polymorphism or via gene flow. However, a lack of integrated studies deconstructing complex adaptations and linking candidate alleles with fitness consequences leaves room for much deeper exploration. Thus, we still seek the crucial direct link between the phenotypic effect of candidate alleles and their measured adaptive value - a prize that is exceedingly rare to achieve in any study of adaptation. We expect that closing this gap is not far off using the promising model systems described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Konečná
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Pru˚honice, Czechia
| | - Levi Yant
- Future Food Beacon and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Filip Kolář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Institute of Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Pru˚honice, Czechia
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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8
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Angert AL, Bontrager MG, Ågren J. What Do We Really Know About Adaptation at Range Edges? ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012120-091002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recent theory and empirical evidence have provided new insights regarding how evolutionary forces interact to shape adaptation at stable and transient range margins. Predictions regarding trait divergence at leading edges are frequently supported. However, declines in fitness at and beyond edges show that trait divergence has sometimes been insufficient to maintain high fitness, so identifying constraints to adaptation at range edges remains a key challenge. Indirect evidence suggests that range expansion may be limited by adaptive genetic variation, but direct estimates of genetic constraints at and beyond range edges are still scarce. Sequence data suggest increased genetic load in edge populations in several systems, but its causes and fitness consequences are usually poorly understood. The balance between maladaptive and positive effects of gene flow on fitness at range edges deserves further study. It is becoming increasingly clear that characterizations about degree of adaptation based solely on geographical peripherality are unsupported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L. Angert
- Departments of Botany and Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Megan G. Bontrager
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jon Ågren
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
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9
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Azimzade Y, Sasar M, Maleki I. Invasion front dynamics in disordered environments. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18231. [PMID: 33106618 PMCID: PMC7588433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75366-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasion occurs in environments that are normally spatially disordered, however, the effect of such a randomness on the dynamics of the invasion front has remained less understood. Here, we study Fisher's equation in disordered environments both analytically and numerically. Using the Effective Medium Approximation, we show that disorder slows down invasion velocity and for ensemble average of invasion velocity in disordered environment we have [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the amplitude of disorder and [Formula: see text] is the invasion velocity in the corresponding homogeneous environment given by [Formula: see text]. Additionally, disorder imposes fluctuations on the invasion front. Using a perturbative approach, we show that these fluctuations are Brownian with a diffusion constant of: [Formula: see text]. These findings were approved by numerical analysis. Alongside this continuum model, we use the Stepping Stone Model to check how our findings change when we move from the continuum approach to a discrete approach. Our analysis suggests that individual-based models exhibit inherent fluctuations and the effect of environmental disorder becomes apparent for large disorder intensity and/or high carrying capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness Azimzade
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, 14395-547, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Sasar
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, 14395-547, Tehran, Iran
| | - Iraj Maleki
- Department of Physics, University of Tehran, 14395-547, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Jones MR, Mills LS, Jensen JD, Good JM. The Origin and Spread of Locally Adaptive Seasonal Camouflage in Snowshoe Hares. Am Nat 2020; 196:316-332. [DOI: 10.1086/710022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Reatini B, Vision TJ. Genetic architecture influences when and how hybridization contributes to colonization. Evolution 2020; 74:1590-1602. [PMID: 32267552 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of genetic architecture in adaptation to novel environments has received considerable attention when the source of adaptive variation is de novo mutation. Relatively less is known when the source of adaptive variation is inter- or intraspecific hybridization. We model hybridization between divergent source populations and subsequent colonization of an unoccupied novel environment using individual-based simulations to understand the influence of genetic architecture on the timing of colonization and the mode of adaptation. We find that two distinct categories of genetic architecture facilitate rapid colonization but that they do so in qualitatively different ways. For few and/or tightly linked loci, the mode of adaptation is via the recovery of adaptive parental genotypes. With many unlinked loci, the mode of adaptation is via the generation of novel hybrid genotypes. The first category results in the shortest colonization lag phases across the widest range of parameter space, but further adaptation is mutation limited. The second category takes longer and is more sensitive to genetic variance and dispersal rate, but can facilitate adaptation to environmental conditions that exceed the tolerance of parental populations. These findings have implications for understanding the origins of biological invasions and the success of hybrid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Reatini
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3280
| | - Todd J Vision
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-3280
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12
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Peniston JH, Barfield M, Holt RD. Pulsed Immigration Events Can Facilitate Adaptation to Harsh Sink Environments. Am Nat 2019; 194:316-333. [PMID: 31553211 DOI: 10.1086/704608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In nature, rates of dispersal vary greatly over time, yet most theoretical explorations of ecological and evolutionary dynamics to date have assumed constant movement rates. Here we examine how a particular pattern of temporal variation-periodic pulses of immigration-influences adaptation to a harsh environment, in which a species experiences conditions outside its niche requirements. Using both deterministic models and stochastic individual-based simulations, we show that for many ecological and genetic scenarios, temporally spacing out immigration events increases the probability that local adaptation is sufficient for persistence (i.e., niche evolution). When immigration events are too frequent, gene flow can hamper local adaptation in sexual species, but sufficiently infrequent pulses of immigration allow for repeated opportunities for adaptation with temporary escapes from gene flow during which local selection is unleashed. We develop versions of our models with and without density dependence for three different assumptions about the genetics underlying fitness (haploid, diploid, and quantitative genetic variation) so that our results may be applicable to a wide range of natural systems. Our study adds to a growing body of literature showing that temporal variation in migration rates can have significant effects on local adaptation and is among the first to show how such variation affects niche evolution.
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13
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Lee-Yaw JA, Zenni RD, Hodgins KA, Larson BMH, Cousens R, Webber BL. Range shifts and local adaptation: integrating data and theory towards a new understanding of species' distributions in the Anthropocene. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:644-647. [PMID: 30569613 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Lee-Yaw
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Rafael D Zenni
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras, Av. Central, S/N Campus Universitário, Lavras, Minas Gerais, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Kathryn A Hodgins
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Vic, 3800, Australia
| | - Brendon M H Larson
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue W., Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Roger Cousens
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Bruce L Webber
- CSIRO Land and Water, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, 147 Underwood Ave, Floreat, WA, 6014, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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14
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Selby JP, Willis JH. MajorQTLcontrols adaptation to serpentine soils inMimulus guttatus. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:5073-5087. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John H. Willis
- Department of Biology Duke University Durham North Carolina
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15
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Polechová J. Is the sky the limit? On the expansion threshold of a species' range. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005372. [PMID: 29906294 PMCID: PMC6021114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 100 years after Grigg's influential analysis of species' borders, the causes of limits to species' ranges still represent a puzzle that has never been understood with clarity. The topic has become especially important recently as many scientists have become interested in the potential for species' ranges to shift in response to climate change-and yet nearly all of those studies fail to recognise or incorporate evolutionary genetics in a way that relates to theoretical developments. I show that range margins can be understood based on just two measurable parameters: (i) the fitness cost of dispersal-a measure of environmental heterogeneity-and (ii) the strength of genetic drift, which reduces genetic diversity. Together, these two parameters define an 'expansion threshold': adaptation fails when genetic drift reduces genetic diversity below that required for adaptation to a heterogeneous environment. When the key parameters drop below this expansion threshold locally, a sharp range margin forms. When they drop below this threshold throughout the species' range, adaptation collapses everywhere, resulting in either extinction or formation of a fragmented metapopulation. Because the effects of dispersal differ fundamentally with dimension, the second parameter-the strength of genetic drift-is qualitatively different compared to a linear habitat. In two-dimensional habitats, genetic drift becomes effectively independent of selection. It decreases with 'neighbourhood size'-the number of individuals accessible by dispersal within one generation. Moreover, in contrast to earlier predictions, which neglected evolution of genetic variance and/or stochasticity in two dimensions, dispersal into small marginal populations aids adaptation. This is because the reduction of both genetic and demographic stochasticity has a stronger effect than the cost of dispersal through increased maladaptation. The expansion threshold thus provides a novel, theoretically justified, and testable prediction for formation of the range margin and collapse of the species' range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Polechová
- University of Vienna, Department of Mathematics, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Science and Technology (IST Austria), Klosterneuburg, Austria
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16
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Abstract
Despite the pervasiveness of the world's biodiversity, no single species has a truly global distribution. In fact, most species have very restricted distributions. What limits species from expanding beyond their current geographic ranges? This has been classically treated by ecologists as an ecological problem and by evolutionary biologists as an evolutionary problem. Such a dichotomy is false-the problem of species' ranges sits firmly within the realm of evolutionary ecology. In support of this view, Polechová presents new theory that explains species' range limits with reference to two key factors central to both ecological and evolutionary theory-migration and population size. This new model sets the scene for empirical tests of range limit theory and builds the case for assisted gene flow as a key management tool for threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Connallon
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carla M Sgrò
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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17
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Saastamoinen M, Bocedi G, Cote J, Legrand D, Guillaume F, Wheat CW, Fronhofer EA, Garcia C, Henry R, Husby A, Baguette M, Bonte D, Coulon A, Kokko H, Matthysen E, Niitepõld K, Nonaka E, Stevens VM, Travis JMJ, Donohue K, Bullock JM, Del Mar Delgado M. Genetics of dispersal. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:574-599. [PMID: 28776950 PMCID: PMC5811798 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal is a process of central importance for the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of populations and communities, because of its diverse consequences for gene flow and demography. It is subject to evolutionary change, which begs the question, what is the genetic basis of this potentially complex trait? To address this question, we (i) review the empirical literature on the genetic basis of dispersal, (ii) explore how theoretical investigations of the evolution of dispersal have represented the genetics of dispersal, and (iii) discuss how the genetic basis of dispersal influences theoretical predictions of the evolution of dispersal and potential consequences. Dispersal has a detectable genetic basis in many organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals. Generally, there is evidence for significant genetic variation for dispersal or dispersal‐related phenotypes or evidence for the micro‐evolution of dispersal in natural populations. Dispersal is typically the outcome of several interacting traits, and this complexity is reflected in its genetic architecture: while some genes of moderate to large effect can influence certain aspects of dispersal, dispersal traits are typically polygenic. Correlations among dispersal traits as well as between dispersal traits and other traits under selection are common, and the genetic basis of dispersal can be highly environment‐dependent. By contrast, models have historically considered a highly simplified genetic architecture of dispersal. It is only recently that models have started to consider multiple loci influencing dispersal, as well as non‐additive effects such as dominance and epistasis, showing that the genetic basis of dispersal can influence evolutionary rates and outcomes, especially under non‐equilibrium conditions. For example, the number of loci controlling dispersal can influence projected rates of dispersal evolution during range shifts and corresponding demographic impacts. Incorporating more realism in the genetic architecture of dispersal is thus necessary to enable models to move beyond the purely theoretical towards making more useful predictions of evolutionary and ecological dynamics under current and future environmental conditions. To inform these advances, empirical studies need to answer outstanding questions concerning whether specific genes underlie dispersal variation, the genetic architecture of context‐dependent dispersal phenotypes and behaviours, and correlations among dispersal and other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Saastamoinen
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Greta Bocedi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | - Julien Cote
- Laboratoire Évolution & Diversité Biologique UMR5174, CNRS, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Legrand
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christopher W Wheat
- Population Genetics, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emanuel A Fronhofer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Garcia
- CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Roslyn Henry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K.,School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH89XP, U.K
| | - Arild Husby
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michel Baguette
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France.,Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Dries Bonte
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélie Coulon
- PSL Research University, CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Biogéographie et Ecologie des Vertébrés, 34293 Montpellier, France.,CESCO UMR 7204, Bases écologiques de la conservation, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Kokko
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik Matthysen
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kristjan Niitepõld
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Etsuko Nonaka
- Department of Biosciences, Metapopulation Research Centre, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginie M Stevens
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Université Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, SETE Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale, UMR 5321, 09200 Moulis, France
| | - Justin M J Travis
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, U.K
| | | | - James M Bullock
- NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, U.K
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