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Kang N, Hu H, Huang Z, Luo S, Guo S. Environmental Factors Drive Chalcid Body Size Increases with Altitudinal Gradients for Two Hyper-Diverse Taxa. INSECTS 2023; 14:67. [PMID: 36661995 PMCID: PMC9865982 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Body size is the most essential feature that significantly correlates with insects' longevity, fecundity, metabolic rate, and sex ratio. Numerous biogeographical rules have been proposed to illustrate the correlation between the body sizes of different taxa and corresponding geographical or environmental factors. Whether the minute and multifarious chalcids exhibit a similar geographical pattern is still little known. In this research, we analyzed morphological data from 2953 specimens worldwide, including the two most abundant and diverse taxa (Pteromalidae and Eulophidae), which are both composed of field-collected and BOLD system specimens. We examined forewing length as a surrogate of body size and analyzed the average size separately for males and females using two methods (species and assemblage-based method). To verify Bergmann's rule, we included temperature, precipitation, wind speed and solar radiation as explanatory variables in a generalized linear model to analyze the causes of the size variation. We found that there was an increasing trend in the body size of Pteromalidae and Eulophidae with altitude. The optimal Akaike information criterion (AIC) models showed that larger sizes are significantly negatively correlated with temperature and positively correlated with precipitation, and the possible reasons for this variation are discussed and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Kang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Hongying Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zengqian Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shungang Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shuhan Guo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830049, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, Urumqi 830046, China
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2
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Noguerales V, Ortego J. Genomic evidence of speciation by fusion in a recent radiation of grasshoppers. Evolution 2022; 76:2618-2633. [PMID: 35695020 PMCID: PMC9796961 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Postdivergence gene flow can trigger a number of creative evolutionary outcomes, ranging from the transfer of beneficial alleles across species boundaries (i.e., adaptive introgression) to the formation of new species (i.e., hybrid speciation). Although neutral and adaptive introgression has been broadly documented in nature, hybrid speciation is assumed to be rare and the evolutionary and ecological context facilitating this phenomenon still remains controversial. Through combining genomic and phenotypic data, we evaluate the hypothesis that the dual feeding regime (based on both scrub legumes and gramineous herbs) of the taxonomically controversial grasshopper Chorthippus saulcyi algoaldensis resulted from hybridization between the sister taxa C. binotatus (that exclusively feeds on scrub legumes) and C. saulcyi (that only feeds on gramineous herbs). Genetic clustering analyses and inferences from coalescent-based demographic simulations confirm that C. s. algoaldensis represents an independently evolving lineage and support the ancient hybrid origin of this taxon (about 1.4 Ma), which sheds light on its uncertain phylogenetic position and might explain its broader trophic niche. We propose a Pleistocene hybrid speciation model where range shifts resulting from climatic oscillations can promote the formation of hybrid swarms and facilitate their long-term persistence through geographic isolation from parental forms in topographically complex landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Noguerales
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of CyprusNicosia1678Cyprus,Island Ecology and Evolution GroupInstituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA‐CSIC)San Cristóbal de La Laguna38206Spain
| | - Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Integrative EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC)Sevilla41092Spain
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3
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Walzer A, Nachman G, Spangl B, Stijak M, Tscholl T. Trans- and Within-Generational Developmental Plasticity May Benefit the Prey but Not Its Predator during Heat Waves. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11081123. [PMID: 36009751 PMCID: PMC9404866 DOI: 10.3390/biology11081123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Heat waves can have fatal effects on arthropods such as insects and mites since their heat tolerance is often lower than the diurnal maximum temperatures during heat waves. Plastic modifications by the parents, however, can rapidly result in favorable adaptations in offspring traits. This question was investigated by using a prominent natural enemy/pest couple in biological control, the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis and its prey, the spider mite Tetranychus urticae. We exposed both species separately to extreme or mild heat waves during their juvenile development, a vital phase of arthropod life, for two generations and assessed various fitness-relevant parameters of the offspring generation. Under extreme heat waves, adult body sizes of predator and prey males and prey females were insensitive, when they derived from parents also reared under extreme heat waves. Irrespective of their origin, offspring reached earlier adulthood under extreme heat waves. In general, prey benefitted more from parental modifications compared to the predator. However, further investigations are needed to verify whether these changes affect the interactions between the predators and their prey to an extent that it may jeopardize biological control during extreme heat waves. Abstract Theoretically, parents can adjust vital offspring traits to the irregular and rapid occurrence of heat waves via developmental plasticity. However, the direction and strength of such trait modifications are often species-specific. Here, we investigated within-generational plasticity (WGP) and trans-generational plasticity (TGP) effects induced by heat waves during the offspring development of the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis and its herbivorous prey, the spider mite Tetranychus urticae, to assess plastic developmental modifications. Single offspring individuals with different parental thermal origin (reared under mild or extreme heat waves) of both species were exposed to mild or extreme heat waves until adulthood, and food consumption, age and size at maturity were recorded. The offspring traits were influenced by within-generational plasticity (WGP), trans-generational plasticity (TGP), non-plastic trans-generational effects (TGE) and/or their interactions. When exposed to extreme heat waves, both species speeded up development (exclusively WGP), consumed more (due to the fact of WGP but also to TGP in prey females and to non-plastic TGE in predator males), and predator females got smaller (non-plastic TGE and WGP), whereas prey males and females were equally sized irrespective of their origin, because TGE, WGP and TGP acted in opposite directions. The body sizes of predator males were insensitive to parental and offspring heat wave conditions. Species comparisons indicated stronger reductions in the developmental time and reduced female predator-prey body size ratios in favor of the prey under extreme heat waves. Further investigations are needed to evaluate, whether trait modifications result in lowered suppression success of the predator on its prey under heat waves or not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Walzer
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Gösta Nachman
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark;
| | - Bernhard Spangl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Landscape, Spatial and Infrastructure Sciences, Institute of Statistics, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82/I, 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Miroslava Stijak
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Thomas Tscholl
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180 Vienna, Austria; (A.W.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-47654-95329
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4
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Yuan H, Huang Y, Mao Y, Zhang N, Nie Y, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Mao S. The Evolutionary Patterns of Genome Size in Ensifera (Insecta: Orthoptera). Front Genet 2021; 12:693541. [PMID: 34249107 PMCID: PMC8261143 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.693541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic size variation has long been a focus for biologists. However, due to the lack of genome size data, the mechanisms behind this variation and the biological significance of insect genome size are rarely studied systematically. The detailed taxonomy and phylogeny of the Ensifera, as well as the extensive documentation concerning their morphological, ecological, behavioral, and distributional characteristics, make them a strong model for studying the important scientific problem of genome size variation. However, data on the genome size of Ensifera are rather sparse. In our study, we used flow cytometry to determine the genome size of 32 species of Ensifera, the smallest one being only 1C = 0.952 pg with the largest species up to 1C = 19.135 pg, representing a 20-fold range. This provides a broader blueprint for the genome size variation of Orthoptera than was previously available. We also completed the assembly of nine mitochondrial genomes and combined mitochondrial genome data from public databases to construct phylogenetic trees containing 32 species of Ensifera and three outgroups. Based on these inferred phylogenetic trees, we detected the phylogenetic signal of genome size variation in Ensifera and found that it was strong in both males and females. Phylogenetic comparative analyses revealed that there were no correlations between genome size and body size or flight ability in Tettigoniidae. Reconstruction of ancestral genome size revealed that the genome size of Ensifera evolved in a complex pattern, in which the genome size of the grylloid clade tended to decrease while that of the non-grylloid clade expanded significantly albeit with fluctuations. However, the evolutionary mechanisms underlying variation of genome size in Ensifera are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Mao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yimeng Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yafu Zhou
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province/Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoli Mao
- Xi'an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province/Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre for Conservation and Utilization of Botanical Resources, Xi'an, China
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5
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Amutkan Mutlu D, Polat I, Suludere Z. The Ovariol Morphology and Ultrastructure of Poecilimon ataturki Ünal, 1999 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) and the Histochemical Features of the Yolk Granules. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-8. [PMID: 34096839 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621000404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the oocyte development of Poecilimon ataturki Ünal, 1999 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) with histology, morphology, and histochemistry by using a stereomicroscope, a light microscope, a scanning electron microscope, and a transmission electron microscope. The ovary in this species is a panoistic type which contains many ovarioles which consist of terminal filament, germarium, and vitellarium. Germarium is the region that has undifferentiated cells which generate the oocytes and follicular cells. In the vitellarium region, yolk granules start to cover the whole oocyte. In histochemical studies, to determine the content of the yolk granules, proteins, and carbohydrates in oocytes were treated with a bromophenol blue (BPB) method, a mercury bromophenol blue (mBPB) method, and a periodic acid Schiff (PAS) method, respectively. As a result of these methods, the yolk granules gave positive results in ovariole sections treated with the PAS and the BPB, while the mBPB staining was negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Amutkan Mutlu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara06500, Turkey
| | - Irmak Polat
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı18100, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Suludere
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Gazi University, Ankara06500, Turkey
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6
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Boisseau RP, Ero MM, Makai S, Bonneau LJG, Emlen DJ. Sexual dimorphism divergence between sister species is associated with a switch in habitat use and mating system in thorny devil stick insects. Behav Processes 2020; 181:104263. [PMID: 33049376 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The habitat and resource use of females critically affects their pattern of distribution and consequently their monoposibility by males and the mating system of a species. Shifts in habitat use are therefore likely to be associated with changes in mating system and sexual selection acting on males' phenotypes, consequently affecting patterns of sexual dimorphism. Although sexual dimorphism is often correlated with shifts in habitat use at the macroevolutionary scale, the underlying microevolutionary processes involved are typically unclear. Here, we used the New Guinean stick insect genus Eurycantha to investigate how changes in habitat use and mating system were associated with a change in sexual dimorphism seen specifically in the thorny devil stick insects (Eurycantha calcarata and Eurycantha horrida). Male thorny devils display sexually dimorphic and enlarged hindlegs endowed with a sharp spine. Sexual size dimorphism is also very reduced in these species relative to other phasmids. Using field observations, morphological measurements and radiotelemetry, we investigated changes in mating system associated with the reduction of sexual dimorphism and tested predictions from the hypothesis that sexual selection drove the evolution of this unusual male morphology. We found that thorny devils switched from solitary roosting in the canopy during the day to communal roosting inside cavities of a few host trees, shifting the distribution of females from scattered to clumped. Male thorny devils used their large hindlegs to fight with rivals for positions on the tree close to cavities containing females, and larger males were associated with cavities containing relatively more females. In contrast, the sister species, Eurycantha insularis, displays relatively small and unarmoured males (ancestral state). Adult female E. insularis were always scattered in the canopy, and this species displayed a scramble competition mating system typical of other phasmids, where mobility, rather than fighting ability, is probably critical to males' reproductive success. Overall, our study illustrates how a drastic change in sexual dimorphism can be associated with a switch from solitary to communal roosting and from a scramble competition to a defense-based polygyny mating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain P Boisseau
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States.
| | - Mark M Ero
- PNG Oil Palm Research Association Inc., Dami Research Station, PO Box 97, Kimbe, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea
| | - Simon Makai
- PNG Oil Palm Research Association Inc., Dami Research Station, PO Box 97, Kimbe, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea
| | - Luc J G Bonneau
- PNG Oil Palm Research Association Inc., Dami Research Station, PO Box 97, Kimbe, West New Britain, Papua New Guinea
| | - Douglas J Emlen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
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7
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Rebrina F, Petróczki K, Inhofer M, Reinhold K, Schmoll T. Motorway age is linked to larger body size, but not song carrier frequency, in male grasshoppers from roadside populations. Evol Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-020-10077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Yuan H, Zhang X, Zhao L, Chang H, Yang C, Qiu Z, Huang Y. Characterization and analysis of full-length transcriptomes from two grasshoppers, Gomphocerus licenti and Mongolotettix japonicus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14228. [PMID: 32848169 PMCID: PMC7450073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Acrididae are diverse in size, body shape, behavior, ecology and life history; widely distributed; easy to collect; and important to agriculture. They represent promising model candidates for functional genomics, but their extremely large genomes have hindered this research; establishing a reference transcriptome for a species is the primary means of obtaining genetic information. Here, two Acrididae species, Gomphocerus licenti and Mongolotettix japonicus, were selected for full-length (FL) PacBio transcriptome sequencing. For G. licenti and M. japonicus, respectively, 590,112 and 566,165 circular consensus sequences (CCS) were generated, which identified 458,131 and 428,979 full-length nonchimeric (FLNC) reads. After isoform-level clustering, next-generation sequencing (NGS) short sequences were used for error correction, and remove redundant sequences with CD-HIT, 17,970 and 16,766 unigenes were generated for G. licenti and M. japonicus. In addition, we obtained 17,495 and 16,373 coding sequences, 1,082 and 813 transcription factors, 11,840 and 10,814 simple sequence repeats, and 905 and 706 long noncoding RNAs by analyzing the transcriptomes of G. licenti and M. japonicus, respectively, and 15,803 and 14,846 unigenes were annotated in eight functional databases. This is the first study to sequence FL transcriptomes of G. licenti and M. japonicus, providing valuable genetic resources for further functional genomics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Huihui Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China
| | - Chao Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.,Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongying Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710062, China.
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9
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Tonzo V, Papadopoulou A, Ortego J. Genomic footprints of an old affair: Single nucleotide polymorphism data reveal historical hybridization and the subsequent evolution of reproductive barriers in two recently diverged grasshoppers with partly overlapping distributions. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:2254-2268. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanina Tonzo
- Department of Integrative Ecology Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Seville Spain
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Integrative Ecology Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Seville Spain
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10
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Yadav S, Stow A, Dudaniec RY. Elevational partitioning in species distribution, abundance and body size of Australian alpine grasshoppers (Kosciuscola
). AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde 2109 New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde 2109 New South Wales Australia
| | - Rachael Y. Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde 2109 New South Wales Australia
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11
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Tonzo V, Papadopoulou A, Ortego J. Genomic data reveal deep genetic structure but no support for current taxonomic designation in a grasshopper species complex. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3869-3886. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanina Tonzo
- Department of Integrative Ecology Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Seville Spain
| | - Anna Papadopoulou
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Integrative Ecology Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD‐CSIC) Seville Spain
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12
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Piross IS, Harnos A, Rózsa L. Rensch's rule in avian lice: contradictory allometric trends for sexual size dimorphism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7908. [PMID: 31133727 PMCID: PMC6536520 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44370-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rensch’s rule (RR) postulates that in comparisons across closely related species, male body size relative to female size increases with the average size of the species. This holds true in several vertebrate and also in certain free-living invertebrate taxa. Here, we document the validity of RR in avian lice using three families (Philopteridae, Menoponidae, and Ricinidae). Using published data on the body length of 989 louse species, subspecies, or distinct intraspecific lineages, we applied phylogenetic reduced major axis regression to analyse the body size of females vs. males while accounting for phylogenetic non-independence. Our results indicate that philopterid and menoponid lice follow RR, while ricinids exhibit the opposite pattern. In the case of philopterids and menoponids, we argue that larger-bodied bird species tend to host lice that are both larger in size and more abundant. Thus, sexual selection acting on males makes them relatively larger, and this is stronger than fecundity selection acting on females. Ricinids exhibit converse RR, likely because fecundity selection is stronger in their case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Sándor Piross
- Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary. .,Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Harnos
- Department of Biomathematics and Informatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lajos Rózsa
- Evolutionary Systems Research Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Rossi M, Haga E. Testing Rensch’s rule in Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus, a seed-feeding beetle infesting Leucaena leucocephala plants. CAN J ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2018-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rensch’s rule states that males vary more in size than females when body size increases. The main cause of Rensch’s rule has been credited to sexual selection. However, different degrees of plasticity between the sexes have also been proven to be useful for describing variations in sexual size dimorphism, particularly within an intraspecific context. For insects, in general, this rule has rarely been tested within species. Here, we tested whether Acanthoscelides macrophthalmus (Schaeffer, 1907) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) followed Rensch’s rule when individuals emerged from seeds immediately after fruit collection and when they were reared for one generation, by measuring three morphological traits. Rensch’s rule was not followed for any of the morphological traits. Variations in body size were similar in males and females for bruchines that first emerged from seeds and for those that were reared for one generation. These findings suggest that environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, and seasonality) are unlikely to drive differential plasticity in males and females of this seed-feeding beetle. It is possible that changes in the body size of A. macrophthalmus have a genetic basis. However, regardless of whether variations in body size have a genetic basis, our findings provide no support for Rensch’s rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.N. Rossi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratório de Ecologia Populacional (LEPOP), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Diadema, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratório de Ecologia Populacional (LEPOP), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Diadema, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil
| | - E.B. Haga
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratório de Ecologia Populacional (LEPOP), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Diadema, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratório de Ecologia Populacional (LEPOP), Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Diadema, São Paulo, 09972-270, Brazil
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14
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Baranovská E, Knapp M. Steep converse Bergmann's cline in a carrion beetle: between- and within-population variation in body size along an elevational gradient. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Baranovská
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Environmental Sciences; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Praha Czech Republic
| | - M. Knapp
- Department of Ecology; Faculty of Environmental Sciences; Czech University of Life Sciences Prague; Praha Czech Republic
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15
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Qin X, Hao K, Ma J, Huang X, Tu X, Ali MP, Pittendrigh BR, Cao G, Wang G, Nong X, Whitman DW, Zhang Z. Molecular Ecological Basis of Grasshopper ( Oedaleus asiaticus) Phenotypic Plasticity under Environmental Selection. Front Physiol 2017; 8:770. [PMID: 29066978 PMCID: PMC5641302 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While ecological adaptation in insects can be reflected by plasticity of phenotype, determining the causes and molecular mechanisms for phenotypic plasticity (PP) remains a crucial and still difficult question in ecology, especially where control of insect pests is involved. Oedaleus asiaticus is one of the most dominant pests in the Inner Mongolia steppe and represents an excellent system to study phenotypic plasticity. To better understand ecological factors affecting grasshopper phenotypic plasticity and its molecular control, we conducted a full transcriptional screening of O. asiaticus grasshoppers reared in four different grassland patches in Inner Mongolia. Grasshoppers showed different degrees of PP associated with unique gene expressions and different habitat plant community compositions. Grasshopper performance variables were susceptible to habitat environment conditions and closely associated with plant architectures. Intriguingly, eco-transcriptome analysis revealed five potential candidate genes playing important roles in grasshopper performance, with gene expression closely relating to PP and plant community factors. By linking the grasshopper performances to gene profiles and ecological factors using canonical regression, we first demonstrated the eco-transcriptomic architecture (ETA) of grasshopper phenotypic traits (ETAGPTs). ETAGPTs revealed plant food type, plant density, coverage, and height were the main ecological factors influencing PP, while insect cuticle protein (ICP), negative elongation factor A (NELFA), and lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LCT) were the key genes associated with PP. Our study gives a clear picture of gene-environment interaction in the formation and maintenance of PP and enriches our understanding of the transcriptional events underlying molecular control of rapid phenotypic plasticity associated with environmental variability. The findings of this study may also provide new targets for pest control and highlight the significance of ecological management practice on grassland conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghu Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilingol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xilinhot, China
| | - Kun Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingchuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilingol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xilinhot, China
| | - Xunbing Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilingol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xilinhot, China
| | - Xiongbing Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilingol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xilinhot, China
| | - Md Panna Ali
- Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Barry R Pittendrigh
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Guangchun Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilingol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xilinhot, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilingol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xilinhot, China
| | - Xiangqun Nong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilingol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xilinhot, China
| | - Douglas W Whitman
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, United States
| | - Zehua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Scientific Observation and Experimental Station of Pests in Xilingol Rangeland, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xilinhot, China
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García-Navas V, Noguerales V, Cordero PJ, Ortego J. Phenotypic disparity in Iberian short-horned grasshoppers (Acrididae): the role of ecology and phylogeny. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:109. [PMID: 28472922 PMCID: PMC5418863 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-0954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of model-based comparative techniques, disparity analyses and ecomorphological correlations constitutes a powerful method to gain insight into the evolutionary mechanisms that shape morphological variation and speciation processes. In this study, we used a time-calibrated phylogeny of 70 Iberian species of short-horned grasshoppers (Acrididae) to test for patterns of morphological disparity in relation to their ecology and phylogenetic history. Specifically, we examined the role of substrate type and level of ecological specialization in driving different aspects of morphological evolution (locomotory traits, chemosensitive organs and cranial morphology) in this recent radiation. RESULTS We found a bimodal distribution of locomotory attributes corresponding to the two main substrate type guilds (plant vs. ground); plant-perching species tend to exhibit larger wings and thicker femora than those that remain on the ground. This suggests that life form (i.e., substrate type) is an important driving force in the evolution of morphological traits in short-horned grasshoppers, irrespective of ancestry. Substrate type and ecological specialization had no significant influence on head shape, a trait that showed a strong phylogenetic conservatism. Finally, we also found a marginal significant association between the length of antennae and the level of ecological specialization, suggesting that the development of sensory organs may be favored in specialist species. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that even in taxonomic groups showing limited morphological and ecological disparity, natural selection seems to play a more important role than genetic drift in driving the speciation process. Overall, this study suggests that morphostatic radiations should not necessarily be considered as "non-adaptive" and that the speciation process can bind both adaptive divergence mechanisms and neutral speciation processes related with allopatric and/or reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente García-Navas
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Seville, Spain.
| | - Víctor Noguerales
- Grupo de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Genética y Cultural, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, E-13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Pedro J Cordero
- Grupo de Investigación de la Biodiversidad Genética y Cultural, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ronda de Toledo 12, E-13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Joaquín Ortego
- Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avenida Américo Vespucio 26, E-41092, Seville, Spain
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