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Dicks KL, Ball AD, Banfield L, Barrios V, Boufaroua M, Chetoui A, Chuven J, Craig M, Faqeer MYA, Garba HHM, Guedara H, Harouna A, Ivy J, Najjar C, Petretto M, Pusey R, Rabeil T, Riordan P, Senn HV, Taghouti E, Wacher T, Woodfine T, Gilbert T. Genetic diversity in global populations of the critically endangered addax ( Addax nasomaculatus) and its implications for conservation. Evol Appl 2022; 16:111-125. [PMID: 36699120 PMCID: PMC9850015 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Threatened species are frequently patchily distributed across small wild populations, ex situ populations managed with varying levels of intensity and reintroduced populations. Best practice advocates for integrated management across in situ and ex situ populations. Wild addax (Addax nasomaculatus) now number fewer than 100 individuals, yet 1000 of addax remain in ex situ populations, which can provide addax for reintroductions, as has been the case in Tunisia since the mid-1980s. However, integrated management requires genetic data to ascertain the relationships between wild and ex situ populations that have incomplete knowledge of founder origins, management histories, and pedigrees. We undertook a global assessment of genetic diversity across wild, ex situ and reintroduced populations in Tunisia to assist conservation planning for this Critically Endangered species. We show that the remnant wild populations retain more mitochondrial haplotypes that are more diverse than the entirety of the ex situ populations across Europe, North America and the United Arab Emirates, and the reintroduced Tunisian population. Additionally, 1704 SNPs revealed that whilst population structure within the ex situ population is minimal, each population carries unique diversity. Finally, we show that careful selection of founders and subsequent genetic management is vital to ensure genetic diversity is provided to, and minimize drift and inbreeding within reintroductions. Our results highlight a vital need to conserve the last remaining wild addax population, and we provide a genetic foundation for determining integrated conservation strategies to prevent extinction and optimize future reintroductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L. Dicks
- RZSS WildGenes, Royal Zoological Society of ScotlandEdinburghUK
| | - Alex D. Ball
- RZSS WildGenes, Royal Zoological Society of ScotlandEdinburghUK
| | - Lisa Banfield
- Life Sciences DepartmentAl Ain ZooAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - Justin Chuven
- Terrestrial & Marine Biodiversity Management Sector, Environment Agency – Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Mark Craig
- Life Sciences DepartmentAl Ain ZooAl AinUnited Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | - Abdoulaye Harouna
- SaharaConservationSaint Maur des FossésFrance,Noé au NigerRéserve Naturelle Nationale de Termit et Tin‐ToummaNiger
| | - Jamie Ivy
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife AllianceSan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Chawki Najjar
- Conservation Biology, Marwell WildlifeWinchesterUK,Association Tunisienne de la Vie SauvageTunisTunisia
| | | | - Ricardo Pusey
- Terrestrial & Marine Biodiversity Management Sector, Environment Agency – Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | | | - Philip Riordan
- Conservation Biology, Marwell WildlifeWinchesterUK,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Helen V. Senn
- RZSS WildGenes, Royal Zoological Society of ScotlandEdinburghUK
| | | | - Tim Wacher
- Conservation & Policy, Zoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | - Tim Woodfine
- Conservation Biology, Marwell WildlifeWinchesterUK,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Tania Gilbert
- Conservation Biology, Marwell WildlifeWinchesterUK,School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
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Collins S, Boyd PW, Doblin MA. Evolution, Microbes, and Changing Ocean Conditions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2020; 12:181-208. [PMID: 31451085 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010318-095311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evolution and the associated theory are underutilized in marine microbial studies; the two fields have developed largely in isolation. Here, we review evolutionary tools for addressing four key areas of ocean global change biology: linking plastic and evolutionary trait changes, the contribution of environmental variability to determining trait values, the role of multiple environmental drivers in trait change, and the fate of populations near their tolerance limits. Wherever possible, we highlight which data from marine studies could use evolutionary approaches and where marine model systems can advance our understanding of evolution. Finally, we discuss the emerging field of marine microbial experimental evolution. We propose a framework linking changes in environmental quality (defined as the cumulative effect on population growth rate) with population traits affecting evolutionary potential, in order to understand which evolutionary processes are likely to be most important across a range of locations for different types of marine microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Collins
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom;
| | - Philip W Boyd
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Battery Point, Tasmania 7004, Australia;
| | - Martina A Doblin
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia;
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Bell
- Biology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1B1, Canada
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