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Maliuk A, Marghoub A, Williams CJA, Stanley E, Kéver L, Vickaryous M, Herrel A, Evans SE, Moazen M. Comparative analysis of osteoderms across the lizard body. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38396371 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Osteoderms (ODs) are mineralized tissue embedded within the skin and are particularly common in reptiles. They are generally thought to form a protective layer between the soft tissues of the animal and potential external threats, although other functions have been proposed. The aim of this study was to characterize OD variation across the lizard body. Adults of three lizard species were chosen for this study. After whole body CT scanning of each lizard, single ODs were extracted from 10 different anatomical regions, CT scanned, and characterized using sectioning and nanoindentation. Morphological analysis and material characterization revealed considerable diversity in OD structure across the species investigated. The scincid Tiliqua gigas was the only studied species in which ODs had a similar external morphology across the head and body. Greater osteoderm diversity was found in the gerrhosaurid Broadleysaurus major and the scincid Tribolonotus novaeguineae. Dense capping tissue, like that reported for Heloderma, was found in only one of the three species examined, B. major. Osteoderm structure can be surprisingly complex and variable, both among related taxa, and across the body of individual animals. This raises many questions about OD function but also about the genetic and developmental factors controlling OD shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Maliuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Arsalan Marghoub
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Catherine J A Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Edward Stanley
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Loïc Kéver
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR7179 CNRS/MNHN, Paris, France
| | - Matthew Vickaryous
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR7179 CNRS/MNHN, Paris, France
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susan E Evans
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mehran Moazen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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2
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Milgram J, Rehav K, Ibrahim J, Shahar R, Weiner S. The 3D organization of the mineralized scales of the sturgeon has structures reminiscent of dentin and bone: A FIB-SEM study. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:108045. [PMID: 37977509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.108045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Scales are structures composed of mineralized collagen fibrils embedded in the skin of fish. Here we investigate structures contributing to the bulk of the scale material of the sturgeon (Acipencer guldenstatii) at the millimeter, micrometer and nanometer length scales. Polished and fracture surfaces were prepared in each of the three anatomic planes for imaging with light and electron microscopy, as well as focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). The scale is composed of three layers, upper and lower layers forming the bulk of the scale, as well as a thin surface layer. FTIR shows that the scale is composed mainly of collagen and carbonated hydroxyapatite. Lacunae are present throughout the structure. Fracture surfaces of all three layers are characterized by large diameter collagen fibril bundles (CFBs) emanating from a plane comprising smaller diameter CFBs orientated in different directions. Fine lineations seen in polished surfaces of both major layers are used to define planes called here the striation planes. FIB-SEM image stacks of the upper and lower layers acquired in planes aligned with the striation planes, show that CFBs are oriented in various directions within the striation plane, with larger CFBs emanating from the striation plane. Fibril bundles oriented in different directions in the same plane is reminiscent of a similar organization in orthodentin. The large collagen fibril bundles emanating out of this plane are analogous to von Korff fibrils found in developing dentin with respect to size and orientation. Scales of the sturgeon are unusual in that their mineralized collagen fibril organization contains structural elements of both dentin and bone. The sturgeon scale may be an example of an early evolved mineralized material which is neither bone nor dentin but contains characteristics of both materials, however, the fossil data required to confirm this is missing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Milgram
- Hebrew University Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture Food & Environment, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.B. 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Katya Rehav
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Jamal Ibrahim
- Archaeological Science Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Ron Shahar
- Hebrew University Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture Food & Environment, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, P.O.B. 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Stephen Weiner
- Archaeological Science Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel.
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3
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Kushwaha B, Nagpure NS, Srivastava S, Pandey M, Kumar R, Raizada S, Agarwal S, Singh M, Basheer VS, Kumar RG, Das P, Das SP, Patnaik S, Bit A, Srivastava SK, Vishwakarma AL, Joshi CG, Kumar D, Jena JK. Genome size estimation and its associations with body length, chromosome number and evolution in teleost fishes. Gene 2023; 864:147294. [PMID: 36858189 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Precise estimation of genome size (GS) is vital for various genomic studies, such as deciding genome sequencing depth, genome assembly, biodiversity documentation, evolution, genetic disorders studies, duplication events etc. Animal Genome Size Database provides GS of over 2050 fish species, which ranges from 0.35 pg in pufferfish (Tetraodon nigroviridis) to 132.83 pg in marbled lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus). The GS of majority of the fishes inhabiting waters of Indian subcontinent are still missing. In present study, we estimated GS of 51 freshwater teleost (31 commercially important, 7 vulnerable and 13 ornamental species) that ranged from 0.58 pg in banded gourami (Trichogaster fasciata) to 1.92 pg in scribbled goby (Awaous grammepomus). Substantial variation in GS was observed within the same fish orders (0.64-1.45 pg in cypriniformes, 0.70-1.41 pg in siluriformes and 0.58-1.92 pg in perciformes). We examined the relationship between the GS, chromosome number and body length across all the fishes. Body length was found to be associated with GS, whereas no relationship was noticed between the GS and the chromosome number. The analysis using ancestral information revealed haploid chromosome number 25, 27 and 24 for the most recent common ancestor of cypriniformes, siluriformes and perciformes, respectively. The study led to generation of new records on GS of 43 fish species and revalidated records for 8 species. The finding is valuable resource for further research in the areas of fish genomics, molecular ecology and evolutionary conservation genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basdeo Kushwaha
- ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002 Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Naresh S Nagpure
- ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shreya Srivastava
- ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manmohan Pandey
- ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002 Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Sudhir Raizada
- ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suyash Agarwal
- ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mahender Singh
- ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Valaparamail S Basheer
- PMFGR Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CMFRI Campus, Ernakulam North, P.O. Kochi, 682 018 Kerala, India
| | - Rahul G Kumar
- PMFGR Division, ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, CMFRI Campus, Ernakulam North, P.O. Kochi, 682 018 Kerala, India
| | - Paramananda Das
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyanga, Bhubaneswar, 751 002 Odisha, India
| | - Sofia P Das
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyanga, Bhubaneswar, 751 002 Odisha, India
| | - Siddhi Patnaik
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyanga, Bhubaneswar, 751 002 Odisha, India
| | - Amrita Bit
- ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyanga, Bhubaneswar, 751 002 Odisha, India
| | - Satish Kumar Srivastava
- Experimental Field Centre, ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research, Champawat, 262 523 Uttarakhand, India
| | - Achchhe L Vishwakarma
- Flow Cytometry Lab, SAIF Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 031 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chaitanya G Joshi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat 388 001, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Agricultural Bio-informatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - Joy K Jena
- ICAR- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226 002 Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Johanson Z, Liston J, Davesne D, Challands T, Meredith Smith M. Mechanisms of dermal bone repair after predatory attack in the giant stem-group teleost Leedsichthys problematicus Woodward, 1889a (Pachycormiformes). J Anat 2022; 241:393-406. [PMID: 35588137 PMCID: PMC9296021 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leedsichthys problematicus is a suspension-feeding member of the Mesozoic clade Pachycormiformes (stem-group Teleostei), and the largest known ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). As in some larger fish, the skeleton is poorly ossified, but the caudal fin (tail) is well-preserved. Bony calluses have been found here, on the dermal fin rays, and when sectioned, show evidence of bone repair in response to damage. As part of this repair, distinctive tissue changes are observed, including the deposition of woven bone onto broken bone fragments and the surface of the lepidotrichium, after resorption of the edges of these fragments and the lepidotrichial surface itself. Within the woven bone are many clear elongate spaces, consistent with their interpretation as bundles of unmineralized collagen (Sharpey's fibres). These normally provide attachment within dermal bones, and here attach new bone to old, particularly to resorbed surfaces, identified by scalloped reversal lines. Haversian systems are retained in the old bone, from which vasculature initially invaded the callus, hence bringing stem cells committed to forming bone onto the surfaces of the damaged area. These observations provide strong evidence of a vital response through survival of a predatory attack by a large marine reptile, coeval with Leedsichthys in the Jurassic seas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeff Liston
- Royal Tyrrell Museum of PaleontologyDrumhellerCanada
- Fachruppe Paläoumwelt, GeoZentrum NordbayernFriedrich‐Alexander Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Palaeobiology Section, Department of Natural SciencesNational Museums ScotlandEdinburghUK
| | - Donald Davesne
- Museum für NaturkundeLeibniz‐Institut für Evolutions‐ und BiodiversitätsforschungBerlinGermany
| | - Tom Challands
- School of GeosciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Moya Meredith Smith
- Natural History MuseumLondonUK
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonUK
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5
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During MAD, Smit J, Voeten DFAE, Berruyer C, Tafforeau P, Sanchez S, Stein KHW, Verdegaal-Warmerdam SJA, van der Lubbe JHJL. The Mesozoic terminated in boreal spring. Nature 2022; 603:91-94. [PMID: 35197634 PMCID: PMC8891016 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Cretaceous-Palaeogene mass extinction around 66 million years ago was triggered by the Chicxulub asteroid impact on the present-day Yucatán Peninsula1,2. This event caused the highly selective extinction that eliminated about 76% of species3,4, including all non-avian dinosaurs, pterosaurs, ammonites, rudists and most marine reptiles. The timing of the impact and its aftermath have been studied mainly on millennial timescales, leaving the season of the impact unconstrained. Here, by studying fishes that died on the day the Mesozoic era ended, we demonstrate that the impact that caused the Cretaceous-Palaeogene mass extinction took place during boreal spring. Osteohistology together with stable isotope records of exceptionally preserved perichondral and dermal bones in acipenseriform fishes from the Tanis impact-induced seiche deposits5 reveal annual cyclicity across the final years of the Cretaceous period. Annual life cycles, including seasonal timing and duration of reproduction, feeding, hibernation and aestivation, vary strongly across latest Cretaceous biotic clades. We postulate that the timing of the Chicxulub impact in boreal spring and austral autumn was a major influence on selective biotic survival across the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie A D During
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. .,Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Jan Smit
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis F A E Voeten
- Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Paul Tafforeau
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Sanchez
- Subdepartment of Evolution and Development, Department of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | - Koen H W Stein
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Directorate 'Earth and History of Life', Brussels, Belgium.,Earth System Science-AMGC, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Jeroen H J L van der Lubbe
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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6
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Abstract
Philip Donoghue introduces the fossil record of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C J Donoghue
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Life Sciences Building, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
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7
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Fossilized cell structures identify an ancient origin for the teleost whole-genome duplication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101780118. [PMID: 34301898 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101780118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Teleost fishes comprise one-half of all vertebrate species and possess a duplicated genome. This whole-genome duplication (WGD) occurred on the teleost stem lineage in an ancient common ancestor of all living teleosts and is hypothesized as a trigger of their exceptional evolutionary radiation. Genomic and phylogenetic data indicate that WGD occurred in the Mesozoic after the divergence of teleosts from their closest living relatives but before the origin of the extant teleost groups. However, these approaches cannot pinpoint WGD among the many extinct groups that populate this 50- to 100-million-y lineage, preventing tests of the evolutionary effects of WGD. We infer patterns of genome size evolution in fossil stem-group teleosts using high-resolution synchrotron X-ray tomography to measure the bone cell volumes, which correlate with genome size in living species. Our findings indicate that WGD occurred very early on the teleost stem lineage and that all extinct stem-group teleosts known so far possessed duplicated genomes. WGD therefore predates both the origin of proposed key innovations of the teleost skeleton and the onset of substantial morphological diversification in the clade. Moreover, the early occurrence of WGD allowed considerable time for postduplication reorganization prior to the origin of the teleost crown group. This suggests at most an indirect link between WGD and evolutionary success, with broad implications for the relationship between genomic architecture and large-scale evolutionary patterns in the vertebrate Tree of Life.
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8
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Cheng P, Huang Y, Lv Y, Du H, Ruan Z, Li C, Ye H, Zhang H, Wu J, Wang C, Ruan R, Li Y, Bian C, You X, Shi C, Han K, Xu J, Shi Q, Wei Q. The American Paddlefish Genome Provides Novel Insights into Chromosomal Evolution and Bone Mineralization in Early Vertebrates. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1595-1607. [PMID: 33331879 PMCID: PMC8042750 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sturgeons and paddlefishes (Acipenseriformes) occupy the basal position of ray-finned fishes, although they have cartilaginous skeletons as in Chondrichthyes. This evolutionary status and their morphological specializations make them a research focus, but their complex genomes (polyploidy and the presence of microchromosomes) bring obstacles and challenges to molecular studies. Here, we generated the first high-quality genome assembly of the American paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) at a chromosome level. Comparative genomic analyses revealed a recent species-specific whole-genome duplication event, and extensive chromosomal changes, including head-to-head fusions of pairs of intact, large ancestral chromosomes within the paddlefish. We also provide an overview of the paddlefish SCPP (secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein) repertoire that is responsible for tissue mineralization, demonstrating that the earliest flourishing of SCPP members occurred at least before the split between Acipenseriformes and teleosts. In summary, this genome assembly provides a genetic resource for understanding chromosomal evolution in polyploid nonteleost fishes and bone mineralization in early vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunyun Lv
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Hao Du
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuangju Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengyou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, China
| | - Chao Bian
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin You
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Kai Han
- BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, China
| | - Junming Xu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory of Marine Genomics, School of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of P.R. China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
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9
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Haridy Y, Osenberg M, Hilger A, Manke I, Davesne D, Witzmann F. Bone metabolism and evolutionary origin of osteocytes: Novel application of FIB-SEM tomography. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabb9113. [PMID: 33789889 PMCID: PMC8011976 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb9113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lacunae and canaliculi spaces of osteocytes are remarkably well preserved in fossilized bone and serve as an established proxy for bone cells. The earliest bone in the fossil record is acellular (anosteocytic), followed by cellular (osteocytic) bone in the jawless relatives of jawed vertebrates, the osteostracans, about 400 million years ago. Virtually nothing is known about the physiological pressures that would have initially favored osteocytic over anosteocytic bone. We apply focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy tomography combined with machine learning for cell detection and segmentation to image fossil cell spaces. Novel three-dimensional high-resolution images reveal areas of low density around osteocyte lacunae and their canaliculi in osteostracan bone. This provides evidence for demineralization that would have occurred in vivo as part of osteocytic osteolysis, a mechanism of mineral homeostasis, supporting the hypothesis that a physiological demand for phosphorus was the principal driver in the initial evolution of osteocytic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Haridy
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Markus Osenberg
- Helmholtz Centre for Materials and Energy (HZB), Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - André Hilger
- Helmholtz Centre for Materials and Energy (HZB), Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Manke
- Helmholtz Centre for Materials and Energy (HZB), Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Donald Davesne
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, OX1 3AN Oxford, UK
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Florian Witzmann
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Chen D, Blom H, Sanchez S, Tafforeau P, Märss T, Ahlberg PE. The developmental relationship between teeth and dermal odontodes in the most primitive bony fish Lophosteus. eLife 2020; 9:e60985. [PMID: 33317696 PMCID: PMC7738188 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ontogenetic trajectory of a marginal jawbone of Lophosteus superbus (Late Silurian, 422 Million years old), the phylogenetically most basal stem osteichthyan, visualized by synchrotron microtomography, reveals a developmental relationship between teeth and dermal odontodes that is not evident from the adult morphology. The earliest odontodes are two longitudinal founder ridges formed at the ossification center. Subsequent odontodes that are added lingually to the ridges turn into conical teeth and undergo cyclic replacement, while those added labially achieve a stellate appearance. Stellate odontodes deposited directly on the bony plate are aligned with the alternate files of teeth, whereas new tooth positions are inserted into the files of sequential addition when a gap appears. Successive teeth and overgrowing odontodes show hybrid morphologies around the oral-dermal boundary, suggesting signal cross-communication. We propose that teeth and dermal odontodes are modifications of a single system, regulated and differentiated by the oral and dermal epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Chen
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Henning Blom
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Sophie Sanchez
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- SciLifeLab, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- European Synchrotron Radiation FacilityGrenobleFrance
| | | | - Tiiu Märss
- Estonian Marine Institute, University of TartuTallinnEstonia
| | - Per E Ahlberg
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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