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Affdal A, Ballesteros F, Malo MF, Sancho C, Cochran-Mavrikakis SL, Bryan S, Keown P, Sapir-Pichhadze R, Fortin MC. Canadian Kidney Transplant Professionals' Perspectives on Precision Medicine and Molecular Matching in Kidney Allocation. Transplant Direct 2024; 10:e1565. [PMID: 38111837 PMCID: PMC10727564 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody-mediated rejection is an important cause of kidney transplant loss. A new strategy requiring application of precision medicine tools in transplantation considers molecular compatibility between donors and recipients and holds the promise of improved immunologic risk, preventing rejection and premature graft loss. The objective of this study was to gather Canadian transplant professionals' perspectives on molecular compatibility in kidney transplantation. Methods Seventeen Canadian transplant professionals (14 nephrologists, 2 nurses, and 1 surgeon) participated in semistructured interviews in 2021. The interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using the qualitative description approach. Results Participants identified fair access to transplantation as the most important principle in kidney allocation. Molecular compatibility was viewed as a promising innovation. However, participants were concerned about increased waiting times, negative impact on some patients, and potential problems related to the adequacy of information explaining this new technology. To mitigate the challenges associated with molecular matching, participants suggested integrating a maximum waiting time for molecular-matched kidneys and expanding the program nationally/internationally. Conclusions Molecular matching in kidney transplantation is viewed as a promising technology for decreasing the incidence of antibody-mediated rejection and improving graft survival. Further studies are needed to determine how to ethically integrate this technology into the kidney allocation algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Affdal
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Bioethics Program, École de santé publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Fabian Ballesteros
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-Françoise Malo
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Bioethics Program, École de santé publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Carina Sancho
- Bioethics Program, École de santé publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Stirling Bryan
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver,Canada
| | - Paul Keown
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ruth Sapir-Pichhadze
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Marie-Chantal Fortin
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Canadian Donation and Transplantation Research Program, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Abd El-Fattah W, Alfaifi MY, Alkabli J, Ramadan HA, Shati AA, Elbehairi SEI, Elshaarawy RFM, Kamal I, Saleh MM. Immobilization of ZnO-TiO 2 Nanocomposite into Polyimidazolium Amphiphilic Chitosan Film, Targeting Improving Its Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Applications. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1110. [PMID: 37508206 PMCID: PMC10376717 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents a green protocol for the fabrication of a multifunctional smart nanobiocomposite (NBC) (ZnO-PIACSB-TiO2) for secure antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications. First, shrimp shells were upgraded to a polyimidazolium amphiphilic chitosan Schiff base (PIACSB) through a series of physicochemical processes. After that, the PIACSB was used as an encapsulating and coating agent to manufacture a hybrid NBC in situ by co-encapsulating ZnONPs and TiO2NPs. The physicochemical and visual characteristics of the new NBC were investigated by spectral, microscopic, electrical, and thermal methods. The antimicrobial indices revealed that the newly synthesized, PIACSB-coated TiO2-ZnO nanocomposite is an exciting antibiotic due to its amazing antimicrobial activity (MIC/MBC→0.34/0.68 μg/mL, 0.20/0.40 μg/mL, and 0.15/0.30 μg/mL working against S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, respectively) and antifungal capabilities. Additionally, ZnO-PIACSB-TiO2 is a potential fighter of bacterial biofilms, with the results being superior to those of the positive control (Cipro), which worked against S. aureus (only 8.7% ± 1.9 biofilm growth), E. coli (only 1.4% ± 1.1 biofilm growth), and P. aeruginosa (only 0.85% ± 1.3 biofilm growth). Meanwhile, the NBC exhibits excellent biocompatibility, as evidenced by its IC50 values against both L929 and HSF (135 and 143 µg/mL), which are significantly higher than those of the MIC doses (0.24-24.85 µg/mL) that work against all tested microbes, as well as the uncoated nanocomposite (IC50 = 19.36 ± 2.04 and 23.48 ± 1.56 µg/mL). These findings imply that the new PIACSB-coated nanocomposite film may offer promising multifunctional food packaging additives to address the customer demand for safe, eco-friendly food products with outstanding antimicrobial and antibiofilm capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Abd El-Fattah
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, IMSIU (Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University), P.O. Box 5701, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42521, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jafar Alkabli
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Arts-Alkamil, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A Ramadan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 11152, Egypt
| | - Ali A Shati
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Reda F M Elshaarawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez 43533, Egypt
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry, Düsseldorf University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Islam Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
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Meunier R. Approaches in Post-Experimental Science. The Case of Precision Medicine. BERICHTE ZUR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE 2022; 45:373-383. [PMID: 36086850 PMCID: PMC9544474 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the introduction to his Spalt und Fuge, Hans-Jörg Rheinberger points to the possibility that we are currently experiencing a new turning point regarding forms of experimentation, which is characterized by the growing importance of high-throughput methods and big data analytics. This essay will explore the thesis that data-intensive research indeed constitutes a form of post-experimental research by interrogating research practices in precision medicine. Section 1 will introduce this thesis and highlight salient features of precision medicine as an example of post-experimental research. Section 2 suggests approach as a category that is broader than experimental system, as discussed by Rheinberger, and can serve to analyze and compare diverse forms of research, including experimental and post-experimental practices. The essay concludes with a reflection on how categories developed for the historiography of recent science might require an update when the science or its context changes (section 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Meunier
- Institute for History of Medicine and Science StudiesUniversity of Lübeck
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