1
|
Zeine GM, Omoto ÉM, Ramos FDSES, Briso ALF, Dos Santos PH, Fagundes TC. Fluorescence intensity of composite resin for direct veneer removal using a fluorescence-aided identification technique. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024; 36:1050-1055. [PMID: 38500312 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This laboratory study evaluated the influence of the fluorescence intensity of composite resins on additional tooth wear and the presence of restorative material in different dental thirds during the retreatment of direct veneers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The crown dimensions of 60 bovine incisors were reduced to 10 × 8 mm. The teeth were classified according to the fluorescence intensity of the composites: low (LOW) (TPH Spectra), medium (MED) (Opallis), and high (HIGH) (Essentia) groups. The teeth were divided according to the removal methods: conventional (CON) and fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT). The specimens were scanned (T0), received veneer preparation, and scanned again (T1). After restorations, the composites were removed and the teeth were scanned (T2). Measurement assessments between T1 and T2 were performed to determine additional wear, presence of residual areas, and the average between additional wear and the presence of residual areas. Kruskal Wallis, Mann-Whitney, Friedman, 2-way ANOVA, and post-Tukey tests were performed (α < 0.05). RESULTS The comparison of composite resins indicated a smaller area of additional wear and greater residue presence in the HIGH group than the LOW group for both techniques in the cervical third. Regarding removal methods, the FIT produced greater additional wear than the CON method for the LOW and MED groups in the middle and cervical thirds. The incisal third exhibited greater additional wear than the other thirds. CONCLUSIONS Composite resins with high fluorescence intensity removed using FIT had less tooth wear. The incisal third was the most affected area for direct veneer removal procedures. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE A FIT has been proposed for composite resin removal; however, the different fluorescence intensities of composite resins can influence tooth wear caused during this procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Maria Zeine
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Campus of Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Érika Mayumi Omoto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Campus of Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Souza E Silva Ramos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Campus of Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Fraga Briso
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Campus of Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Dos Santos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Campus of Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ticiane Cestari Fagundes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Campus of Araçatuba, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miranda AO, Favoreto MW, Matos TP, Castro AS, Kunz P, Souza JL, Carvalho P, Reis A, Loguercio AD. Color Match of a Universal-shade Composite Resin for Restoration of Non-carious Cervical Lesions: An Equivalence Randomized Clinical Trial. Oper Dent 2024; 49:20-33. [PMID: 38057996 DOI: 10.2341/23-021-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this double-blind, split-mouth, randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the color match of a single-shade composite resin Admira Fusion X-tra in comparison with a multi-shade composite resin Admira Fusion in non-carious cervical lesion restorations (NCCLs). METHODS AND MATERIALS One hundred and twenty restorations were performed on NCCLs with two restorative materials (n=60). After prophylaxis, the teeth were isolated with a rubber dam, and one universal adhesive was applied in the selective enamel etching strategy. For both groups, the restorations were inserted incrementally and light-cured. The values of the coordinates L*, a*, and b* in the cervical third before vs after the restorations and cervical vs middle third after the restorations were evaluated using a digital spectrophotometer after the coordinate values were used to calculate the CIEDE (ΔE00). The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 7 days of clinical performance according to the FDI criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test for all parameters. Color change was analyzed by Student t-test for paired samples (α=0.05). RESULTS All restorations were evaluated after 7 days. Regarding the color measurement, no significant difference was observed when Admira Fusion was compared to Admira Fusion X-tra for any of the comparisons performed (p>0.05). However, the values of ΔE00 in the cervical third before vs after the restorations were higher when compared with ΔE00 observed when the cervical vs middle third after restorations were compared. All restorations received the score "clinically very good" after 7 days for all outcomes, including the subjective color match, when evaluated for FDI criterion. CONCLUSIONS The single-shade composite resin used achieves the same color match when compared to a multi-shade composite resin after 7 days in NCCLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A O Miranda
- Amanda de Oliveira de Miranda, graduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - M W Favoreto
- Michael Willian Favoreto, DDS, MSc, PhD student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - T P Matos
- Thalita P. Matos, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A S Castro
- Andrea dos Santos de Castro, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Pvm Kunz
- Patrícia Valéria Manozzo Kunz, DDS, MSc, PhD, private clinic, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - J L Souza
- Jaqueline de Lima de Souza, graduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - P Carvalho
- Pamela de Carvalho, graduate student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Tuiuti University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - A Reis
- Alessandra Reis, DDS, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - A D Loguercio
- *Alessandro D. Loguercio, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Teer KR, Kisling AC, Tantbirojn D, Callahan WR, Nordin JS, Levey BJ, Versluis A. Does a black light lens aid in composite removal? J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:980-986. [PMID: 36856070 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of a black light lens as visual aid in composite restoration removal. Lost tooth structure, residual composite, and removal time were compared for operators with different levels of experience. METHODS Occlusal preparations in 24 matched-pair extracted molars were etched, bonded, restored with composite, and thermocycled. The restored teeth were radiographed and two faculty and two student doctors removed the restorations with or without a black light lens while time was recorded. Digital scans of the cavity before and after restoration removal were used to calculate lost tooth structure and residual composite. RESULTS Removal of restorations resulted in tooth structure loss and left residual composite. The use of the black light lens had no significant effect (two-way ANOVA; p value >0.05). However, operator experience significantly affected operating times and average depth of tooth structure loss (two-way ANOVA; p value <0.05). Student doctors assisted by the black light lost less tooth structure than experienced operators and improved their operating times (multiple comparisons; p value <0.05). CONCLUSIONS The black light lens did not conserve tooth structure or avoid composite remnants compared to routine operation, nor affected the operating time. However, less-experienced operators did benefit from the black light in conserving tooth structure and time. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Replacement of defective composite restorations is a regular practice in restorative dentistry. When existing composite restorations are removed, loss of tooth structure is unavoidable. A black light lens might improve the ability of operators with less experience to conserve tooth structure even though it did not provide benefits for the experienced operators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Teer
- College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Annabel C Kisling
- College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daranee Tantbirojn
- Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - William R Callahan
- Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jeffery S Nordin
- Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bard J Levey
- Department of General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Antheunis Versluis
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andonov B, Dimitrova S, Zagorchev P, Draganova-Filipova M. SEM analysis of the endodontic cavity wall after removal of restorative materials used as temporary restoration. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:969-974. [PMID: 36876557 DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e68508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present in vitro study was to analyze the endodontic cavity walls for presence of remnants of conventional glass ionomer cement and flowable light cure composite used as temporary restorative materials of endodontically treated teeth. The dentine surface of the access cavity was observed with scanning electron microscopy after the final removal of the temporary restoration using high-speed turbine and diamond bur or ultrasonic device and diamond tip.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rapp L, Madden S, Rode AV, Walsh LJ, Spallek H, Nguyen Q, Dau V, Woodfield P, Dao D, Zuaiter O, Habeb A, Hirst TR. Anesthetic-, irrigation- and pain-free dentistry? The case for a femtosecond laser enabled intraoral robotic device. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.976097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By leveraging ultrashort pulse laser and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, we are developing a miniaturized intraoral dental robotic device that clamps onto teeth, is remotely controlled, and equipped with a focusing and scanning system to perform efficient, fast, and ultra-precise laser treatments of teeth and dental restorative materials. The device will be supported by a real-time monitoring system for visualization and diagnostic analysis with appropriate digital controls. It will liberate dentists from repetitive manual operations, physical strain and proximity to the patient's oro-pharyngal area that potentially contains infectious agents. The technology will provide patients with high-accuracy, minimally invasive and pain-free treatment. Unlike conventional lasers, femtosecond lasers can ablate all materials without generating heat, thus negating the need for water irrigation, allowing for a clear field of view, and lowering cross-infection hazards. Additionally, dentists can check, analyze, and perform precise cutting of tooth structure with automatic correction, reducing human error. Performing early-stage diagnosis and intervention remotely will be possible through units installed at schools, rural health centers and aged care facilities. Not only can the combination of femtosecond lasers, robotics and MEMS provide practical solutions to dentistry's enduring issues by allowing more precise, efficient, and predictable treatment, but it will also lead to improving the overall access to oral healthcare for communities at large.
Collapse
|
6
|
Patel J, Al-Taie A, Keeling A. Quantifying composite restoration removal and cavity re-preparation using novel region-specific volumetric analysis. J Dent 2022; 124:104142. [PMID: 35476912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This in-vitro study investigated the effect of 400-405nm light used during removal of a composite restorations on volume of tooth tissue removed iatrogenically (IATR) and the volume of residual composite. METHODS Thirty unrestored premolar teeth obtained via a university tissue bank were evenly allocated to test and control groups; material removal with and without violet light. Three clinicians (blinded to the protocol) prepared class V buccal cavities in the teeth. The teeth were scanned using CEREC Omnicam and reallocated to another clinician prior to restoration and rescanning. The teeth were reallocated, and the restorations were removed prior to rescanning. Volumetric scan data was obtained on: changes in cavity volume; the volume of IATR; the volume of residual composite. Data were analysed using Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis tests to a significance of p<0.05. RESULTS Data showed that there is more IATR when the light was used with mean volume CAV2-over cut of (3.4 mm3, SD 4.22) whereas less IATR was seen when the light was not used (1.2 mm3, SD 1.00), (p<0.05). Data also showed that there is no significant difference in the overall volume of resin composite left when the light was used or not (p> 0.05). However when the light was used, less resin composite material was left around the margins of the cavities when compared to the no light group. SIGNIFICANCE This novel region-specific cavity analysis method reveals patterns of iatrogenic damage and retained composite which may hold clinical relevance. The use of violet light may result in more complete removal of composite at margins, but also increase IATR. Further research using the novel method is required to ascertain the repeatability and clinical significance of findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaymit Patel
- Leeds Dental Institute, Worsley Building, Leeds, LS2 9LU.
| | - Asmaa Al-Taie
- Leeds Dental Institute, Worsley Building, Leeds, LS2 9LU
| | - Andy Keeling
- Leeds Dental Institute, Worsley Building, Leeds, LS2 9LU
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Guarnieri FDF, Briso ALF, Ramos FDSES, Esteves LMB, Omoto ÉM, Sundfeld RH, Fagundes TC. Use of auxiliary devices during retreatment of direct resin composite veneers. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252171. [PMID: 34133430 PMCID: PMC8208554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of direct composite veneers, when the retreatment is necessary, represents a challenge to the clinician, since the healthy dental structure must be preserved. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the accuracy provided by different auxiliary devices during retreatment of direct composite veneers. Seventy-five bovine teeth were prepared for direct composite veneers, scanned (T1), and restored. Specimens were divided into 5 groups for retreatment: conventional high-speed handpiece without auxiliary device (WD); high-speed handpiece with a white LED (WL); high-speed handpiece with an UV light (UL); electric motor and multiplier 1/5 handpiece (EM); and conventional high-speed handpiece using magnifying loupe (ML). After retreatments, other scanning was performed (T2). Changes on dental wear or composite residues areas, as well as, the average between wear and presence of residues were measured. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s post-test (p≤ 0.05). There were greater areas of wear for ML, being statistically superior to WD and EM groups. The ML presented smaller residues areas, being statistically lower than the WD and EM groups. Regarding the average between wear and the presence of resin residues, additional wear occurred after re-preparation, regardless of the group. Magnifying loupe promoted greater areas of wear and smaller areas of resin residues than conventional high-speed handpiece and electric motor. Both techniques using light accessories did not differ from other ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - André Luiz Fraga Briso
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Souza e Silva Ramos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Maria Bueno Esteves
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Érika Mayumi Omoto
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Herman Sundfeld
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ticiane Cestari Fagundes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leontiev W, Magni E, Dettwiler C, Meller C, Weiger R, Connert T. Accuracy of the fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT) for detecting tooth-colored restorations utilizing different fluorescence-inducing devices: an ex vivo comparative study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5189-5196. [PMID: 33586047 PMCID: PMC8370929 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03826-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of the conventional illumination method (CONV) and the fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT) for distinguishing between composite restorations and intact teeth using different fluorescence-inducing devices commonly used for FIT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six groups of six dentists equipped with one of six different FIT systems each independently attempted to identify composite restorations and intact teeth on a full-mouth model with 22 composite restorations using CONV and, 1 h later, FIT. The entire procedure was repeated 1 week later. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values, including 95% confidence intervals (CI), were calculated for CONV and FIT overall and for each device. The influence of examiner age, method, and device on each parameter was assessed by multivariate analysis of variance. RESULTS The sensitivity (84%, CI 81-86%), specificity (94%, CI 93-96%), PPV (92%, CI 90-94%), and NPV (90%, CI 88-91%) of FIT was significantly higher than that of CONV (47%, CI 44-50%; 82%, CI 79-84%; 66%, CI 62-69%, and 69%, CI 68-71%, respectively; p<0.001). The differences between CONV and FIT were significant for all parameters and FIT systems except VistaCam, which achieved no significant difference in specificity. Examiners younger than 40 years attained significantly higher sensitivity and negative predictive values than older examiners. CONCLUSIONS FIT is more reliable for detecting composite restorations than the conventional illumination method. CLINICAL RELEVANCE FIT can be considered an additional or alternative tool for improving the detection of composite restorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Leontiev
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Magni
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Dettwiler
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Meller
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - R Weiger
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Connert
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology and Cariology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Klein C, Krespach M, Spintzyk S, Wolff D, von Ohle C, Meller C. Restorative CAD/CAM materials in dentistry: analysis of their fluorescence properties and the applicability of the fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT). Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:4579-4589. [PMID: 33447911 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03772-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the fluorescence properties of the most commonly used fluorescent CAD/CAM materials for monolithic dental restorations and their suitability to perform the fluorescence-aided identification technique (FIT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 175 different color shades (n = 1) from 13 CAD/CAM material brands were analyzed with a monochromator-based microplate reader. Additionally, dentin, enamel, and combined dentin-enamel specimens (respectively, n = 11) were analyzed for comparison purposes. The maximum fluorescence intensity, the corresponding excitation and emission wavelength, and the total fluorescence for the wavelength spectrum λex = 395 nm - 415 nm used for FIT were determined. RESULTS All assessed CAD/CAM ceramics showed virtually no total fluorescence for the wavelength spectrum λex = 395 nm - 415 nm used for FIT. CERASMARTTM, KZR-CAD HD 2, and LuxaCam Composite displayed total fluorescence values similar to that of the tooth hard substances. All other resin-based CAD/CAM materials showed a significantly higher total fluorescence than the tooth hard substances. CONCLUSIONS Apart from the mentioned exceptions, all CAD/CAM materials assessed could be suitable for the FIT, either because they are more fluorescent than hard tooth substances or because they do not fluoresce at all at the respective wavelength of λex = 395 nm - 415 nm. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study provides insight into the not yet well-known fluorescent properties of dental CAD/CAM materials. This knowledge is not only necessary to reproduce the fluorescence properties of natural teeth but also for the applicability of diagnostic fluorescence inducing techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klein
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- Private practice Meller Zahngesundheit, Waiblingen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Krespach
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Spintzyk
- Section Medical Materials Science & Technology, University Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Diana Wolff
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christiane von Ohle
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Meller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Centre of Dentistry, Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr. 2-8, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|