1
|
Nezir M, Özcan S. In Vitro Evaluation of Mechanical, Surface, and Optical Properties of Restorative Materials Applied with Different Techniques. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:128. [PMID: 38786640 PMCID: PMC11122343 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: currently, the advantages of bulk-fill resin composite and high-viscosity glass ionomer materials have increased their use in dentistry; accordingly, their mechanical, surface, and optical properties have become more important. This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical, surface, and optical properties of three different restorative materials (a high-viscosity bulk-fill resin composite (TNC), a flowable bulk-fill resin composite (EBF), and a high-viscosity glass ionomer (FIX)) after application using different techniques (control, heat application, and ultrasonic activation). (2) Methods: specimens were prepared to assess the color stability and surface roughness (n = 12). The specimens were immersed in two different solutions for 14 days. For the compressive strength test, specimens were prepared using a Teflon mold (n = 12). (3) Results: among the specimens applied according to the manufacturer's instructions and immersed in distilled water, it was observed that the surface roughness values of FIX on the 7th day were statistically significantly higher than the other materials (p < 0.05). The compressive strength values of EBF applied using ultrasonic activation were significantly lower than those of EBF applied using the other techniques (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: coffee can negatively affect the color stability of restorative materials, but discoloration may vary depending on differences in the content of the material. All materials evaluated in this study exhibited clinically acceptable surface roughness values. It can be concluded that flowable bulk-fill resin composite is the most durable material in terms of compressive strength, so it can be used in the restoration of posterior teeth, especially those exposed to intensive stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nezir
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, 06490 Ankara, Turkey;
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
da Silva FAS, Paschoini VL, Cortez TV, Corona SAM, Souza-Gabriel AE. Physicochemical and mechanical properties of preheated composite resins for luting ceramic laminates. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-023-00880-3. [PMID: 38305943 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00880-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
This study analyzed and compared the physicochemical and mechanical properties of preheated resin composite with light-cured resin cement for luting indirect restorations. 210 specimens of resin cement/resin composite were prepared according to preheating treatment heated (Htd) or not (NHtd). Light-cured resin cement (Variolink Veneer, Ivoclar), and resin composite (Microhybrid-Z100, 3 M; Nanohybrid-Empress direct, Ivoclar; and Bulk fill-Filtek One, 3 M) were used (n = 10). Resin cement specimens were not preheated. The response variables were (n = 10): film thickness, microhardness, liquid sorption and solubility. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD post-test (α = 0.05). Bulk fill NHtd resin had the highest film thickness values (p < 0.001). Microhybrid and nanohybrid Htd resins had the smallest thicknesses and did not differ from the cement (p > 0.05). The highest microhardness values were found for Bulk fill NHtd and Bulk fill Htd resins. The nanohybrid and microhybrid Htd resins showed the lowest microhardness values, with no difference in cement (p > 0.05). For liquid sorption, there was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.1941). The microhybrid Htd resin showed higher solubility values than the other materials (p = 0.0023), but it did not differ statistically from resin cement (p > 0.05). Preheating composite resins reduced the film thickness. After heating, nanohybrid and Bulk fill resins retained stable microhardness, sorption, and solubility values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Augusto Soares da Silva
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Leite Paschoini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Vinicius Cortez
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Silmara Aparecida Milori Corona
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Café S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alshabib A, AlDosary K, Algamaiah H. A comprehensive review of resin luting agents: Bonding mechanisms and polymerisation reactions. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:234-239. [PMID: 38420009 PMCID: PMC10897588 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of dentistry is constantly evolving and increasingly embracing minimally invasive approaches. One such approach, which is bonding to the tooth structure, particularly enamel, has been shown to offer the most predictable outcomes. However, there are instances where significant tooth loss may limit treatment options for a restorative dentist. In these scenarios, indirect restoration might be the preferred treatment option. This literature review provides a comprehensive examination of the currently available resin luting agents and their bonding requirements. It provides valuable insights for dental professionals seeking an in-depth understanding of the current state of the field and the future prospects of dental adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alshabib
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid AlDosary
- Dental Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Algamaiah
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liberato WF, Silikas N, Watts DC, Cavalcante LM, Schneider LFJ. Luting laminate veneers: Do resin-composites produce less polymerization stress than resin cements? Dent Mater 2023; 39:1190-1201. [PMID: 37858420 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Regular composites could produce less polymerization stress than resin cements when luting laminate veneers but there is no proper evidence to support this theory. The current study aimed to determine the degree of conversion, volumetric shrinkage, polymerization stress and the resultant elastic moduli of materials currently used for adhesive cementation and to determine possible correlations. METHODS The study considered (i) regular resin composites (Admira Fusion, Gradia, Grandioso, Palfique, Sirius Z, Viscalor and Z100) at room and pre-warmed (PW) at 69ºC, (ii) flowable composites (Sigma Flow and Grandioso Flow); (iii) solely light-activated cements (AllCem Veneer, Variolink Esthetic and RelyX Veneer); and (iv) one dual-activated resin cement (SpeedCEM). Degree of conversion (DC, n = 3) was accessed with FTIR 1 h after irradiation. Bonded-disk and Bioman II instruments were used to access polymerization shrinkage strain and shrinkage stress, respectively, for 60 min at 23 ± 1◦C (n = 3). The elastic modulus was determined by 3-point bending flexural test (n = 6). The results were submitted to analyse s of variance, Tukey's, and correlation tests. RESULTS For regular composites, the pre-warming did not affect DC, shrinkage and modulus but significantly increased the stress magnitude. Correlation tests indicated a significant relationship only between stress and polymerization shrinkage (r = 0.811343). SIGNIFICANCE Regular composites can produce less polymerization stress than resin cements when luting laminate veneers. Polymerization stress was dependent on the shrinkage magnitude, but not on the degree of conversion nor the elastic modulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walleska Feijó Liberato
- School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Biomaterials Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Nucleus for Dental Biomaterials Research, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nikolaos Silikas
- Biomaterials Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David C Watts
- Biomaterials Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Division of Dentistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luis Felipe J Schneider
- School of Dentistry, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Nucleus for Dental Biomaterials Research, Veiga de Almeida University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Breschi L, Josic U, Maravic T, Mancuso E, Del Bianco F, Baldissara P, Mazzoni A, Mazzitelli C. Selective adhesive luting: A novel technique for improving adhesion achieved by universal resin cements. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2023; 35:1030-1038. [PMID: 36971211 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to introduce the concept of "Selective adhesive luting-SAL" which is explained through clinical steps and supported by preliminary laboratory evidence. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS Cementation with rubber dam is difficult to perform in case of short abutment teeth and/or subgingival crown margins. By means of universal resin cements/universal adhesive systems, which can be employed in self-adhesive as well as adhesive luting procedures, this paper presents a novel technique allowing clinicians to perform reliable cementation where rubber dam isolation is difficult. The SAL technique entails the application of a universal adhesive system only on easily accessible abutment surfaces, enabling simultaneous adhesive and self-adhesive luting in different portions of the abutment. The SAL clinical workflow is explained through prosthodontic rehabilitation of maxillary right central incisor affected by microdontia and restored with a lithium-disilicate crown. Furthermore, our laboratory microshear bond strength study supports the rationale behind SAL application demonstrating higher bond strength even when the adhesive resin is placed only on one portion of the cementation substrate. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This article advocates the application of SAL technique in clinical situations where effective adhesive luting is uncertain, since it can improve the adhesion between the tooth and universal resin cements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Breschi
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Uros Josic
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tatjana Maravic
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Mancuso
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Del Bianco
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Baldissara
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Annalisa Mazzoni
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudia Mazzitelli
- Department for Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Michailidou S, Dionysopoulos D, Papadopoulos C, Naka O, Andriotis E, Fatouros D, Tolidis K. Effect of a Diode Laser (445 nm) on Polymerization Efficiency of a Preheated Resin Composite Used for Luting of Indirect Composite Restorations. Oper Dent 2023; 48:513-523. [PMID: 37503655 DOI: 10.2341/22-065-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the polymerization efficiency of a preheated resin composite used as a luting agent for indirect restorations light-cured by a blue diode laser (445 nm). METHODS Bronze molds were used to prepare cylindrical specimens of a laboratory composite (Ceramage) with dimensions 2, 3, and 4 mm in height and 8 mm in diameter. The molds had additional height of 120 μm for the placement of the preheated resin composite. A nanohybrid resin composite (Enamel Plus HRi) was preheated at 55°C to use as a luting agent. Photopolymerization was followed for 20 seconds using three light sources: a diode laser emitting at 445 nm (SiroLaser Blue) and two light-emitting diode (LED) units (Bluephase Style and Valo). Degree of conversion (DC) of the preheated resin composite was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS The results indicated that the main effects of the analysis were significant for both material thickness (p<0.001) and polymerization method (p<0.001). The preheated resin composite was not polymerized under 4-mm-thick specimens, independent of the light-curing unit. For 2-mm material thickness, there was no difference among the three light-curing units (p=0.383), while 3-mm Bluephase Style presented very low DC. CONCLUSIONS Diode laser (445 nm) achieved better polymerization efficiency at the same fluence compared to the LED unit at 3-mm depth, implying a better mechanical behavior and potential improved adhesion of the luting material to dentin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Michailidou
- Stefania Michailidou, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Dionysopoulos
- *Dimitrios Dionysopoulos, PhD, MSc, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - C Papadopoulos
- Constantinos Papadopoulos, PhD, MSc, PhD, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - O Naka
- Olga Naka, PhD, MClinDent, DDS, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - E Andriotis
- Eleftherios Andriotis, PhD, MSc, MEng, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Fatouros
- Dimitrios Fatouros, PhD, MSc, BSc, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - K Tolidis
- Kosmas Tolidis, PhD, MSc, DDS, Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Raposo CC, Nery LMS, Carvalho EM, Ferreira PVC, Ardenghi DM, Bauer J, Lima DM. Effect of preheating on the physicochemical properties and bond strength of composite resins utilized as dental cements: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 129:229.e1-229.e7. [PMID: 36503853 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Little is known regarding the use of preheated composite resins to bond indirect restorations and its impact on mechanical properties when compared with resin cements. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the chemical and physical properties and bond strength to enamel and ceramics of preheated composite resins and resin cements. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two composite resins, the microhybrid Filtek Z250XT and the nanoparticulate Z350XT were tested, and 2 commercially available resin cements, the dual-polymerized Rely-X ARC and the light-polymerized Rely-X Veneer were used as controls. A device (HotSet) was used to preheat the composite resins to 69 °C before light-polymerization. The following properties were tested: flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, fracture toughness, microshear bond strength to enamel and ceramics, degree of conversion, flow, sorption and solubility, and color stability. Statistical analysis was done with ANOVA and Holm-Sidak for multiple comparisons (α=.05). RESULTS Preheating had no significant effect on the degree of conversion, flexural strength, fracture toughness, solubility, or microshear bond strength to the enamel of the tested composite resins (P>.05). However, preheating increased the sorption and reduced the microshear bond strength to the ceramic (P<.05). The flowability of the composite resins increased with heating but showed lower values when compared with both resin cements (P<.05). Color stability was more affected in the preheated composite resins than in the resin cements. CONCLUSIONS The preheating process resulted in little to no benefit in the evaluated properties for the composite resins. Resin cements appear to be the best option for cementing indirect restorations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Carramilo Raposo
- PhD student, Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Luanna Marinho Sereno Nery
- PhD student, Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Edilausson Moreno Carvalho
- Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University Ceuma, (UNICEUMA) São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Vitor Campos Ferreira
- Professor, Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - Diego Machado Ardenghi
- Professor, Department of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, Canada
| | - José Bauer
- Professor, Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil.
| | - Darlon Martins Lima
- Professor, Dentistry Biomaterials Laboratory (Biomma), School of Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, MA, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Leung GKH, Wong AWY, Chu CH, Yu OY. Update on Dental Luting Materials. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:208. [PMID: 36354653 PMCID: PMC9689175 DOI: 10.3390/dj10110208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A dental luting material aids in the retention and stability of indirect restorations on the prepared tooth structure. In dentistry, clinicians are using a wide range of luting materials for the cementation of indirect restorations. Zinc oxide eugenol and non-eugenol cements, zinc phosphate cement, zinc polycarboxylate cement, glass ionomer cement and resin cements are common dental cements used in dentistry. Each luting material or cement possesses unique properties and clinical implications. An ideal luting cement should be biocompatible, insoluble, resistant to thermal and chemical assaults, antibacterial, aesthetic, simple and easy to use. It should have high strength properties under tension, shear and compression to resist stress at the restoration-tooth interface, as well as adequate working and setting times. So far, no luting material possesses all of these properties of an ideal cement. Scientists have been modifying the conventional luting cements to improve the material's clinical performance and developing novel materials for clinical use. To achieve the best clinical outcome, clinicians should update their knowledge and gain a good understanding of the luting materials so that they can make a wise clinical decision on the material selection and obtain an insight into the development of luting cements. Therefore, the objective of this study is to provide a discussion on the physical, chemical, adhesive and aesthetic properties of common luting materials. The clinical indications of these luting materials are suggested based on their properties. In addition, overviews of the modification of the conventional luting materials and the newly developed luting materials are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|