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Weiss LM, Takvorian PM. Anncaliia algerae. Trends Parasitol 2021; 37:762-763. [PMID: 33941494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis M Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Peter M Takvorian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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Shaheen S, Barrett KF, Subramanian S, Arnold SLM, Laureanti JA, Myler PJ, Van Voorhis WC, Buchko GW. Solution structure for an Encephalitozoon cuniculi adrenodoxin-like protein in the oxidized state. Protein Sci 2020; 29:809-817. [PMID: 31912584 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Encephalitozoon cuniculi is a unicellular, obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasite in the Microsporidia family and one of the agents responsible for microsporidosis infections in humans. Like most Microsporidia, the genome of E. cuniculi is markedly reduced and the organism contains mitochondria-like organelles called mitosomes instead of mitochondria. Here we report the solution NMR structure for a protein physically associated with mitosome-like organelles in E. cuniculi, the 128-residue, adrenodoxin-like protein Ec-Adx (UniProt ID Q8SV19) in the [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin superfamily. Oxidized Ec-Adx contains a mixed four-strand β-sheet, β2-β1-β4-β3 (↓↑↑↓), loosely encircled by three α-helices and two 310 -helices. This fold is similar to the structure observed in other adrenodoxin and adrenodoxin-like proteins except for the absence of a fifth anti-parallel β-strand next to β3 and the position of α3. Cross peaks are missing or cannot be unambiguously assigned for 20 amide resonances in the 1 H-15 N HSQC spectrum of Ec-Adx. These missing residues are clustered primarily in two regions, G48-V61 and L94-L98, containing the four cysteine residues predicted to ligate the paramagnetic [2Fe-2S] cluster. Missing amide resonances in 1 H-15 N HSQC spectra are detrimental to NMR-based solution structure calculations because 1 H-1 H NOE restraints are absent (glass half-empty) and this may account for the absent β-strand (β5) and the position of α3 in oxidized Ec-Adx. On the other hand, the missing amide resonances unambiguously identify the presence, and immediate environment, of the paramagnetic [2Fe-2S] cluster in oxidized Ec-Adx (glass half-full).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareef Shaheen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kayleigh F Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Diseases, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sandhya Subramanian
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Diseases, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Samuel L M Arnold
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph A Laureanti
- Physical Chemistry Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
| | - Peter J Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Diseases, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Medical Education and Biomedical Informatics & Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Wesley C Van Voorhis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Center for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Diseases, Seattle, Washington
| | - Garry W Buchko
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Diseases, Seattle, Washington.,Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.,School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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Sutrave G, Maundrell A, Keighley C, Jennings Z, Brammah S, Wang MX, Pamphlett R, Webb CE, Stark D, Englert H, Gottlieb D, Bilmon I, Watts MR. Anncaliia algerae Microsporidial Myositis, New South Wales, Australia. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1528-1531. [PMID: 30014835 PMCID: PMC6056123 DOI: 10.3201/eid2408.172002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the successful management of Anncaliia algerae microsporidial myositis in a man with graft versus host disease after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation. We also summarize clinical presentation and management approaches and discuss the importance of research into the acquisition of this infection and strategies for prevention.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microsporidia have been increasingly reported to infect humans. The most common presentation of microsporidiosis is chronic diarrhea, a significant mortality risk in immune-compromised patients. Albendazole, which inhibits tubulin, and fumagillin, which inhibits methionine aminopeptidase type 2 (MetAP2), are the two main therapeutic agents used for treatment of microsporidiosis. In addition, to their role as emerging pathogens in humans, microsporidia are important pathogens in insects, aquaculture, and veterinary medicine. New therapeutic targets and therapies have become a recent focus of attention for medicine, veterinary, and agricultural use. Areas covered: Herein, we discuss the detection and symptoms of microsporidiosis in humans and the therapeutic targets that have been utilized for the design of new drugs for the treatment of this infection, including triosephosphate isomerase, tubulin, MetAP2, topoisomerase IV, chitin synthases, and polyamines. Expert opinion: Enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most common microsporidia in human infection. Fumagillin has a broader anti-microsporidian activity than albendazole and is active against both Ent. bieneusi and Encephaliozoonidae. Microsporidia lack methionine aminopeptidase type 1 and are, therefore, dependent on MetAP2, while mammalian cells have both enzymes. Thus, MetAP2 is an essential enzyme in microsporidia and new inhibitors of this pathway have significant promise as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Division of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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Boileau M, Ferreira J, Ahmad I, Lavallée C, Qvarnstrom Y, Dufresne SF. Successful Treatment of Disseminated Anncaliia algerae Microsporidial Infection With Combination Fumagillin and Albendazole. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw158. [PMID: 27704013 PMCID: PMC5047403 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anncaliia algerae myositis is a life-threatening, emerging microsporidiosis among immunocompromised hosts. We report a case of disseminated A algerae infection in a man previously treated with alemtuzumab. Due to failure of albendazole-based therapy, fumagillin was added as a novel approach to management, with a good clinical response and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christian Lavallée
- Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology , Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal , Canada
| | - Yvonne Qvarnstrom
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria , Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Simon F Dufresne
- Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology , Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal , Canada
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Santiana M, Takvorian PM, Altan-Bonnet N, Cali A. A Novel Fluorescent Labeling Method Enables Monitoring of Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Developing Microsporidia. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2015; 63:318-25. [PMID: 26567000 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The microsporidium, Anncaliia algerae (Brachiola algerae), is a eukaryotic obligate intracellular parasite first isolated from mosquitoes and is an important opportunistic human pathogen that can cause morbidity and mortality among immune-compromised individuals including patients with AIDS and those undergoing chemotherapy. There is little known about the Microsporidia-host cell interface in living host cells, due to current approaches being limited by the lack of fluorescent reporters for detecting the parasite lifecycle. Here, we have developed and applied novel vital fluorescent parasite labeling methodologies in conjunction with fluorescent protein-tagged reporters to track simultaneously the dynamics of both parasite and host cell specific components, including the secretory and endocytic trafficking pathways, during the entire infection time period. We have found dramatic changes in the dynamics of host secretory trafficking organelles during the course of infection. The Golgi compartment is gradually disassembled and regenerated into mini-Golgi structures in parallel with cellular microtubule depolymerization. Importantly, we find that Microsporidia progeny are associated with these de novo formed mini-Golgi structures. These host structures appear to create a membrane bound niche environment for parasite development. Our studies presented here provide novel imaging tools and methodologies that will facilitate in understanding the biology of microsporidial parasites in the living host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianita Santiana
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, 07102.,Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Peter M Takvorian
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, 07102
| | - Nihal Altan-Bonnet
- Laboratory of Host-Pathogen Dynamics, Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ann Cali
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, 07102
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