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Li T, Zhang T, Liu M, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Niu J, Chen X, Al-Farraj SA, Song W. Findings on three endocommensal scuticociliates (Protista, Ciliophora) from freshwater mollusks, including their morphology and molecular phylogeny with descriptions of two new species. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 6:212-235. [PMID: 38827127 PMCID: PMC11136938 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-024-00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Species of the ciliate genera Myxophyllum and Conchophthirus are found as endocommensals of terrestrial and freshwater mollusks, respectively. So far, there have been few studies of these genera and morphological data for most members are often incomplete. In the present work, two new species, Myxophyllum weishanense sp. nov. and Conchophthirus paracurtus sp. nov., and a known species, Conchophthirus lamellidens, were isolated from hosts in Lake Weishan Wetland, China. Taxonomic studies indicate that M. weishanense sp. nov. can be recognized mainly by the combination of about 60 somatic kineties on both ventral and dorsal sides and the presence of caudal cilia. Conchophthirus paracurtus sp. nov. differs from congeners in its body shape and size, having a glabrous area on the posterior right side, and having fewer somatic kineties. In addition, differences in their ITS2 (Internally Transcribed Spacer 2) secondary structures support the discrimination of the two new species from their highly similar congeners. An improved diagnosis for the poorly known species, C. lamellidens is also provided. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that members of the genus Myxophyllum belong to a fully supported clade that is sister to a large, poorly supported clade consisting of Hemispeiridae, Ancistridae, and several lineages of the nonmonophyletic Cyclidiidae. The Myxophyllum clade also includes Protophyra ovicola JQ956552, a possible misidentification. Sequences of the two new Conchophthirus species cluster with other congeners in a fully supported clade that is unrelated to either the 'typical' thigmotrichs or to pleuronematids, thus conflicting with the traditional classification, and may represent an orphan scuticociliate lineage. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-024-00230-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China and Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Tengyue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application, College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002 China
| | - Mingjian Liu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China and Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Qingdao, 266003 China
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China and Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Jiachen Zhang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China and Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Junhua Niu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China and Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xiangrui Chen
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315800 China
| | - Saleh A. Al-Farraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weibo Song
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China and Key Laboratory of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education), Qingdao, 266003 China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237 China
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Wu T, Cheng T, Cao X, Jiang Y, Al-Rasheid KAS, Warren A, Wang Z, Lu B. On four epibiotic peritrichous ciliates (Protozoa, Ciliophora) found in Lake Weishan Wetland: morphological and molecular data support the establishment of a new genus, Parapiosoma gen. nov., and two new species. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:337-358. [PMID: 37637257 PMCID: PMC10449748 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
During a study on the diversity of ciliated protists in Lake Weishan Wetland, the largest wetland in northern China, four epibiotic sessilid peritrichs were isolated from aquatic host animals. Two of them, i.e., Epistylis cambari Kellicott, 1885 and Epistylis lwoffi Fauré-Fremiet, 1943, were known species whereas the other two, i.e., Parapiosoma typicum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Orborhabdostyla gracilis sp. nov., are new to science. The new genus Parapiosoma gen. nov. is characterized by its branched non-contractile stalk, everted peristomial lip, obconical macronucleus and transverse silverlines. Two species are assigned to the new genus, namely Parapiosoma typicum sp. nov. and Parapiosoma gasterostei (Fauré-Fremiet, 1905) comb. nov. Morphologically, P. typicum sp. nov. is recognized by its goblet-shaped zooids, single-layered peristomial lip, dichotomously branched stalk, and infundibular polykinety 3 (P3) containing three equal-length rows. Orborhabdostyla gracilis sp. nov. is characterized by its slender zooid, curved macronucleus, and three equal-length rows in infundibular P3. Improved diagnoses and redescriptions of E. cambari and E. lwoffi are provided including, for the first time, data on the ciliature of E. cambari. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA, ITS1-5.8S rDNA -ITS2, and LSU rDNA sequence data strongly support the assertion that the family Epistylididae comprises morphospecies with different evolutionary lineages and indicate that Parapiosoma gen. nov. may represent a new taxon at family level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Ting Cheng
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | - Xiao Cao
- Weishan Fishery Development Service Center, Jining, 277600 China
| | - Yaohan Jiang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
| | | | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Zhe Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, 264209 China
| | - Borong Lu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003 China
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Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Paratrichodina africana Kazubski and El-Tantawy, 1986 based on 18S rRNA gene data with the evolutionary hypothesis of trichodinids. Parasitol Int 2023; 94:102735. [PMID: 36716849 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2023.102735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we provided the morphological data and the first 18S rRNA gene data of Paratrichodina africana Kazubski and El-Tantawy, 1986, isolated from hybrids of Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus in Chongqing, China. Morphologically, P. africana is mainly characterized by the triangular blade and prominent anterior projection. The present population is consistent with the original populations in the overall appearance of the adhesive disc, and falls within the morphometry range of the original descriptions. Phylogenetically, P. africana was clustered into one large clade with Trichodinella and Tripartiella species, which was nested within Trichodina ones with strong support. By combining morphological and molecular data, our results revealed that the validity of the genus Paratrichodina was doubtful, and suggested that the three genera Trichodinella, Tripartiella, and Paratrichodina should be incorporated into one independent genus. In addition, we provided morphological and molecular data of additional eight trichodinids, and further performed the phylogenetic analysis and traced the evolution history of trichodinids' five morphological and bionomical characters for the first time by taking advantage of the current GenBank data. According to the present results, one evolutionary hypothesis of trichodinids was proposed as follows. The most recent common ancestor of trichodinids inhabiting the freshwater environment as a symbiont of vertebrates should evolve from the ancestor with a long-spiral adoral ciliary turn. The first differentiated Trichodina species should be parasitic on one vertebrate distributed in the freshwater environment. During their evolution, some trichodinids expanded to the marine environment, and some switched to invertebrates in the freshwater environment. The denticle of some freshwater Trichodina species became narrower, and the adoral ciliary spiral turn got shorter, forming the ancestor-oid organism with a short-spiral adoral ciliary turn. Then, those Trichodinella, Tripartiella, and Paratrichodina species might evolve from those ancestor-oid organisms with short-spiral adoral ciliary turn.
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Zhang T, Vďačný P. Re-discovery and novel contributions to morphology and multigene phylogeny of Protospirella mazurica (Raabe, 1968) Aescht, 2001 (Ciliophora: Pleuronematida), an obligate symbiont of the river nerite Theodoxus fluviatilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Eur J Protistol 2023; 88:125956. [PMID: 36805973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2023.125956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the river nerite Theodoxus fluviatilis (Gastropoda: Neritimorpha) has an exceptionally broad geographical and ecological distribution, it carries only four ciliate species: Hypocomella quatuor, Protospirella mazurica, Scyphidia sp., and Trichodina baltica. After more than a half-century gap, we re-discovered P. mazurica in a Danubian population of T. fluviatilis (haplotypes F31 and F34) and characterized it using an integrative morpho-molecular approach. Protospirella mazurica is distinguished by (i) a small, elongate-ellipsoidal to ovoidal body, (ii) a broadly ellipsoidal macronucleus accompanied by a single globular micronucleus, (iii) a subterminal contractile vacuole, (iv) about 24 somatic kineties, (v) thigmotactic ciliature composed of about 10 kineties shortened posteriorly to form a parenthetical system, and (vi) a long inverted J-shaped paroral membrane associated with three unequally long membranelles. According to the present phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial and three nuclear markers, P. mazurica robustly clusters within the order Pleuronematida (Oligohymenophorea: Scuticociliatia) along with other symbiotic members of the families Hemispeiridae and Thigmophryidae as well as free-living representatives of the paraphyletic family Cyclidiidae. In light of the present phylogenetic analyses, we consider the family Ancistridae to be a junior synonym of the family Hemispeiridae, which collates 14 genera in our classification framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyue Zhang
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Vďačný
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Wang Z, Liu M, Ma H, Lu B, Shen Z, Mu C, Alfarraj SA, El-Serehy HA, Warren A. Redescription and molecular characterization of two Trichodina species (Ciliophora, Peritrichia, Mobilida) from freshwater fish in China. Parasitol Int 2021; 86:102470. [PMID: 34560288 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
During an investigation of parasitic ciliates in northern China, two Trichodina species, T. acuta Lom, 1970 and T. nigra Lom, 1960, were isolated from the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758. The morphology of each species was investigated based on dry silver nitrate-stained specimens. In addition, the molecular phylogeny of each was analyzed based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) sequence data. Trichodina acuta can be distinguished from its congeners by the undefined periphery of the central circle, the distinct gap between the rays and the central circle, and the distinctly sickle-shaped blades. Trichodina nigra is a cosmopolitan ciliate and is characterized by its densely linked denticles, broad, rounded spatula-shaped blades, robust central parts, and well developed rays. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that T. acuta and T. nigra nest within different clades, supporting the assertion that the GC content of SSU rDNA sequences could reflect evolutionary relationships among Trichodina species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Mingjian Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongang Ma
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Borong Lu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Zhuo Shen
- Institute of Microbial Ecology and Matter Cycle, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Changjun Mu
- Weishan Special Aquaculture Base, Jining 277600, China
| | - Saleh A Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed A El-Serehy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
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Wang Z, Wu T, Lu B, Chi Y, Zhang X, Al-Farraj SA, Song W, Warren A, Li L, Wang C. Integrative Studies on a New Ciliate Campanella sinica n. sp. (Protista, Ciliophora, Peritrichia) Based on the Morphological and Molecular Data, With Notes on the Phylogeny and Systematics of the Family Epistylididae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:718757. [PMID: 34394066 PMCID: PMC8363228 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.718757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During an investigation on freshwater peritrichs, a new colonial sessilid ciliate, Campanella sinica n. sp., was isolated from aquatic plants in an artificial freshwater pond in Qingdao, China. Specimen observations of this species were performed both in vivo and using silver staining. C. sinica n. sp. is characterized by the appearance of the mature colony, which is up to 2 cm high and contains more than 1,000 zooids, the asymmetric horn-shaped zooids, strongly everted and multi-layered peristomial lip, the slightly convex peristomial disc, and the well-developed haplokinety and polykinety, which make more than four circuits of the peristome before descending into the infundibulum. The small subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA), 5.8s rDNA and its flank internal transcribed spacers (ITS1-5.8s rDNA-ITS2), and large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) are sequenced and used for phylogenetic analyses which reveal that the family Epistylididae Kahl, 1933 is non-monophyletic whereas the genus Campanella is monophyletic and nests within the basal clade of the sessilids. The integrative results support the assertion that the genus Campanella represents a separate lineage from other epistylidids, suggesting a further revision of the family Epistylididae is needed. We revise Campanella including the transfer into this genus of a taxon formerly assigned to Epistylis, which we raise to species rank, i.e., Campanella ovata (Nenninger, 1948) n. grad. & n. comb. (original combination Epistylis purneri f. ovata Nenninger, 1948). In addition, we provide a key to the identification of the species of Campanella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Borong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Chi
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Saleh A. Al-Farraj
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weibo Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Alan Warren
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lifang Li
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Chundi Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
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Qin W, Zhou Q, Wang S, Tang F, Zhao Y. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analyses of Tripartiella macrosoma Basson and Van As, 1987 and Tripartiella obtusa Ergens and Lom, 1970 based on 18S rRNA gene sequence data. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2391-2399. [PMID: 33830364 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we provided the first 18S rRNA gene sequence data of two Tripartiella species, Tripartiella macrosoma Basson and Van As, 1987 and Tripartiella obtusa Ergens and Lom, 1970, which were isolated from Tachysurus fulvidraco (Richardson, 1846) and Hemibarbus maculatus Bleeker, 1871 in Chongqing, China, respectively. Morphologically, both species fall within the morphometry range of the original descriptions and are very similar to the original populations in the overall appearance of the adhesive disc. Tripartiella macrosoma can be easily distinguished from the other Tripartiella species by possessing the denticle with a long strip and conspicuously inclined backward blade and a robust and short ray. Tripartiella obtusa is mainly characterized by a broad blade and a relatively long ray. Phylogenetically, T. macrosoma clustered with Trichodinella myakkae (Mueller, 1937) Raabe, 1950 and further with Trichodinella sp., which was sister to a group that includes four populations of Trichodinella epizootica (Raabe, 1950) Šrámek-Hušek, 1953; finally, they formed a small clade with T. obtusa. This result suggested that T. macrosoma had a closer relationship with Trichodinella spp. than with T. obtusa and T. obtusa diverged earlier than T. macrosoma and Trichodinella spp. By combining morphological and molecular data, the polyphyletic characteristics of Tripartiella and Trichodinella were further analyzed, and the results revealed that the validity of the genus Tripartiella is doubtful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Qin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Fahui Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanjun Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
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Rataj M, Vd'ačný P. Cryptic host-driven speciation of mobilid ciliates epibiotic on freshwater planarians. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 161:107174. [PMID: 33831547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mobilids are among the most taxonomically diverse but morphologically uniform groups of epibiotic ciliates. They attach to their hosts by means of an adhesive disc as harmless commensals such as Urceolaria, or as parasites causing significant economic loss such as some Trichodina species. We investigated the diversity, species boundaries, and phylogenetic relationships of mobilids associated with freshwater planarians, using 114 new sequences of two mitochondrial (16S rRNA gene and cytochrome c oxidase gene) and five nuclear (18S rRNA gene, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region, D1/D2 domains of 28S rRNA gene) markers. Although the morphological disparity of the isolated trichodinids and urceolariids was low, Bayesian coalescent analyses revealed the existence of five distinct evolutionary lineages/species given the seven molecular markers. The occurrence of mobilids perfectly correlated with their planarian hosts: Trichodina steinii and two Urceolaria mitra-like taxa were associated exclusively with the planarian Dugesia gonocephala, Trichodina polycelis sp. n. with the planarian Polycelis felina, and Trichodina schmidtea sp. n. with the planarian Schmidtea polychroa. Host organisms thus very likely constitute sharply isolated niches that might permit speciation of their epibiotic ciliates, even though no distinct morphological features appear to be recognizable among ciliates originating from different hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matej Rataj
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Vd'ačný
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
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Liao W, Campello-Nunes PH, Gammuto L, Abreu Viana T, de Oliveira Marchesini R, da Silva Paiva T, da Silva-Neto ID, Modeo L, Petroni G. Incorporating mitogenome sequencing into integrative taxonomy: The multidisciplinary redescription of the ciliate Thuricola similis (Peritrichia, Vaginicolidae) provides new insights into the evolutionary relationships among Oligohymenophorea subclasses. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 158:107089. [PMID: 33545277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary relationships among Oligohymenophorea subclasses are under debate as the phylogenomic analysis using a large dataset of nuclear coding genes is significantly different to the 18S rDNA phylogeny, and it is unfortunately not stable within and across different published studies. In addition to nuclear genes, the faster-evolving mitochondrial genes have also shown the ability to solve phylogenetic problems in many ciliated taxa. However, due to the paucity of mitochondrial data, the corresponding work is scarce, let alone the phylogenomic analysis based on mitochondrial gene dataset. In this work, we presented the characterization on Thuricola similis Bock, 1963, a loricate peritrich (Oligohymenophorea), incorporating mitogenome sequencing into integrative taxonomy. As the first mitogenome for the subclass Peritrichia, it is linear, 38,802 bp long, and contains two rRNAs, 12 tRNAs, and 43 open reading frames (ORFs). As a peculiarity, it includes a central repeated region composed of tandemly repeated A-T rich units working as a bi-transcriptional start. Moreover, taking this opportunity, the phylogenomic analyses based on a set of mitochondrial genes were also performed, revealing that T. similis, as a representative of Peritrichia subclass, branches basally to other three Oligohymenophorea subclasses, namely Hymenostomatia, Peniculia, and Scuticociliatia. Evolutionary relationships among those Oligohymenophorea subclasses were discussed, also in the light of recent phylogenomic reconstructions based on a set of nuclear genes. Besides, as a little-known species, T. similis was also redescribed and neotypified based on data from two populations collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Brazil and Italy, by means of integrative methods (i.e., living observation, silver staining methods, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and 18S rDNA phylogeny). After emended diagnosis, it is characterized by: (1) the sewage habitat; (2) the lorica with a single valve and small undulations; (3) the 7-22 µm-long inner stalk; and (4) the presence of only a single postciliary microtubule on the left side of the aciliferous row in the haplokinety. Among Vaginicolidae family, our 18S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that Thuricola and Cothurnia are monophyletic genera, and Vaginicola could be a polyphyletic genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Liao
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 4/6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Pedro Henrique Campello-Nunes
- Laboratório de Protistologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-902 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandro Gammuto
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 4/6, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiago Abreu Viana
- Laboratório de Protistologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-902 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto de Oliveira Marchesini
- Laboratório de Protistologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-902 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thiago da Silva Paiva
- Laboratório de Protistologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-902 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Inácio Domingos da Silva-Neto
- Laboratório de Protistologia, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CEP: 21941-902 Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letizia Modeo
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 4/6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell'Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giulio Petroni
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via A. Volta 4/6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; CISUP, Centro per l'Integrazione della Strumentazione Scientifica dell'Università di Pisa, Lungarno Pacinotti 43, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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10
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Zhang Y, Shen Z, Zhang F, Yu Y, Li J, Lin X. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Pseudovorticella littoralis sp. n. and P. alani sp. n. (Ciliophora: Peritrichia) from coastal waters of southern China. Eur J Protistol 2019; 71:125635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Rataj M, Vdacny P. Living morphology and molecular phylogeny of oligohymenophorean ciliates associated with freshwater turbellarians. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 134:147-166. [PMID: 31120041 DOI: 10.3354/dao03366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Three freshwater turbellarian species (Dugesia gonocephala, Girardia tigrina, and Polycelis felina), belonging to the order Tricladida, were examined for the presence of ciliates. Living morphology and phylogenetic position of the isolated ciliates were studied using light microscopy and molecular phylogenetic methods. Three ciliate species, all from the highly diverse class Oligohymenophorea, were detected: Haptophrya planariarum from the subclass Astomatia, Urceolaria mitra from the subclass Peritrichia, and Tetrahymena sp. from the subclass Hymenostomatia. Each of these ciliates is specialized for different parts of the turbellarian bodies: H. planariarum lives in the pharynx and rami of the intestine, U. mitra colonizes the body surface, and Tetrahymena sp. attacks open wounds and feeds on the mesenchyme. Astomes and peritrichs isolated from turbellarians are placed deeper in 18S rRNA gene phylogenies than their relatives isolated from annelids and mollusks. On the other hand, Tetrahymena sp. isolated from turbellarians is classified comparatively deeply within the family Tetrahymenidae, suggesting that the phylogeny of tetrahymenids does not correlate with that of their obligate/facultative host groups. Nevertheless, the reconstruction of ancestral traits corroborated the hypothesis that histophagy was already a life history trait of the progenitor of the subclass Hymenostomatia to which Tetrahymena belongs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rataj
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
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12
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Jiang CQ, Wang GY, Xiong J, Yang WT, Sun ZY, Feng JM, Warren A, Miao W. Insights into the origin and evolution of Peritrichia (Oligohymenophorea, Ciliophora) based on analyses of morphology and phylogenomics. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 132:25-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Wang X, Ji D. Morphological and Molecular Identification of a New Ciliate, Zoothamnium palmphlatum
nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) from North China. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2019; 66:670-679. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- School of Ocean; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
| | - Daode Ji
- School of Ocean; Yantai University; Yantai 264005 China
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14
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New data of two trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) from farmed freshwater fishes in Hubei, China. Eur J Protistol 2017; 60:50-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Diversification and Phylogenetics of Mobilid Peritrichs (Ciliophora) with Description of Urceolaria parakorschelti sp. nov. Protist 2017; 168:481-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Sun P, Al-Farraj SA, Warren A, Ma H. Morphology of four new solitary sessile peritrich ciliates from the Yellow Sea, China, with description of an unidentified species of Paravorticella (Ciliophora, Peritrichia). Eur J Protistol 2017; 57:73-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Gentekaki E, Kolisko M, Gong Y, Lynn D. Phylogenomics solves a long-standing evolutionary puzzle in the ciliate world: The subclass Peritrichia is monophyletic. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 106:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Wang Z, Zhou T, Guo Q, Gu Z. Description of a New Freshwater Ciliate Epistylis wuhanensis
n. sp. (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) from China, with a Focus on Phylogenetic Relationships within Family Epistylididae. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016; 64:394-406. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine; College of Fisheries; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine; College of Fisheries; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Qingxiang Guo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine; College of Fisheries; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Zemao Gu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine; College of Fisheries; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan 430070 China
- Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province; Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture; Wuhan 430070 China
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19
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Lynn DH. The small subunit rRNA gene sequence of the chonotrich Chilodochona carcini Jankowski, 1973 confirms chonotrichs as a dysteriid-derived clade (Phyllopharyngea, Ciliophora). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:2959-2964. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denis H. Lynn
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Tang F, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Morphological and Molecular Identification of the New Species,Trichodina pseudoheterodentatasp. n. (Ciliophora, Mobilida, Trichodinidae) from the Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus, in Chongqing China. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016; 64:45-55. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fahui Tang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology; Chongqing Normal University; Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology; Chongqing Normal University; Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Yuanjun Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology; Chongqing Normal University; Chongqing 401331 China
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21
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Antipa GA, Dolan JR, Lynn DH, Obolkina LA, Strüder‐Kypke MC. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolutionary Relationships between the Ciliate Genera
Peniculistoma
and
Mytilophilus
(Peniculistomatidae, Pleuronematida). J Eukaryot Microbiol 2016; 63:642-50. [DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Antipa
- Department of Biology San Francisco State University San Francisco California 94132 USA
| | - John R. Dolan
- Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ. Paris 06 UMR 7093 Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche Villefranche‐sur‐Mer 06230 France
- CNRS UMR 7093 B.P. 28, Station Zoologique Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche Villefranche‐sur‐Mer 06230 France
| | - Denis H. Lynn
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Guelph Guelph ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - Lubov A. Obolkina
- Limnological Institute of the Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Ulan‐Batorskaya Str. 3 Irkutsk 664033 Russia
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