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Morphology, Morphogenesis and Molecular Phylogeny of a New Soil Ciliate, Holostichides eastensis nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). Protist 2022; 173:125881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li J, Wang Y, Zhang H, Al-Farraj SA, Shao C, Wang J. Morphology, ontogeny and molecular phylogeny of a new urostylid ciliate, Bakuella (Pseudobakuella) guangdongica n. sp. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) from southern China. Eur J Protistol 2021; 81:125795. [PMID: 34717076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The morphology, morphogenesis, and molecular phylogeny of Bakuella (Pseudobakuella) guangdongica n. sp., isolated from southern China, were investigated. The new species is characterized by a body length of 150-225 μm in vivo; 35-42 adoral membranelles; 3-5 buccal, two frontoterminal, 7-12 transverse and two pretransverse ventral cirri; midventral complex comprised of 10-20 pairs and two rows extending to transverse cirri; posterior part of marginal rows slightly overlapping; colorless cortical granules about 1 μm across, arranged in small groups; soil habitat. Its main ontogenetic features are: (1) in the proter, the parental adoral zone of membranelles is completely renewed by new structures; (2) in the opisthe, the oral primordium originates apokinetally, some old midventral cirri join the formation of frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen; (3) the anlagen for marginal rows and dorsal kineties develop intrakinetally; and (4) the numerous macronuclear nodules fuse into a single mass before dividing. Phylogenetic analyses based on the SSU rDNA sequence suggest the non-monophyly of the genus Bakuella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbao Li
- Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China; Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yurui Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Saleh A Al-Farraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chen Shao
- Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Song W, Zhang T, Dong J, Luo X, Bourland WA, Wang Y. Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of Two New Urostylid Ciliates (Protozoa: Ciliophora) From Chinese Wetlands and Establishment of a New Genus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:707954. [PMID: 34394057 PMCID: PMC8361796 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypotrich ciliates with evolutionary novelties are continually being discovered, challenging the current taxonomic system and attracting increased attention. In the present work, two new urostylid ciliates, Heterobakuella bergeri gen. nov., sp. nov. and Anteholosticha perezuzae sp. nov., isolated from Chinese wetland samples, were identified based on morphology and 18S rRNA gene sequences. Heterobakuella gen. nov. is defined by three frontal cirri, single buccal cirrus, one parabuccal cirrus, midventral complex composed of cirral pairs and one cirral row, one left and two right marginal cirral rows, transverse and pretransverse cirri present, caudal and frontoterminal cirri absent. Heterobakuella can be easily distinguished from the morphologically most similar genus, Apobakuella, mainly by the single buccal cirrus (vs. one buccal cirral row) and one parabuccal cirrus (vs. several parabuccal cirral rows originated from different anlagen). Phylogenetic analyses show that H. bergeri branches within the clade formed by Bergeriella ovata, Monocoronella carnea, Anteholosticha gracilis, and Neourostylopsis spp., rather than the clade represented by Apobakuella. The other species, A. perezuzae, is mainly characterized by a distinctly slender body shape with an average length:width ratio about 7, distinctively shaped biconcave and greenish cortical granules, as well as one or two pretransverse cirri. Phylogenetic analyses indicate the genus Anteholosticha is non-monophyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Song
- Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Tengyue Zhang
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jingyi Dong
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - William A. Bourland
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Yurui Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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Luo X, Bourland WA, Song W, Huang J. New contributions to the taxonomy of urostylid ciliates (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia), with establishment of a new genus and new species. Eur J Protistol 2021; 80:125810. [PMID: 34303130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypotrichia, one of the most complex and highly differentiated groups in Ciliophora, has been the object of extensive studies, especially in recent years. Nevertheless, methodological difficulties and insufficient faunistic studies have limited our understanding of their biodiversity and phylogeny. In this study, one novel urostylid ciliate, Pseudoholosticha zhaoi nov. gen., nov. spec. and two populations of Anteholosticha monilata (Kahl, 1928) Berger, 2003, type species of the latter genus, are studied using an integrative approach (live observation, protargol impregnation, scanning electron microscopy, and phylogenetic analysis) to provide further insights into the diversity, classification, and phylogeny of this group of ciliates. Pseudoholosticha nov. gen. can be separated from other morphologically similar genera mainly by the absence of buccal and caudal cirri. A key to 12 morphologically similar genera and illustrations of their cirral patterns are provided. The validation of the new genus and new species is supported by both morphological and phylogenetic analyses. The first 18S rRNA gene sequence of A. monilata, with detailed morphological data, provided a reliable clarification of A. monilata populations and corroborated the phylogenetic position of the type species of the polyphyletic genus Anteholosticha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - William A Bourland
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Weibo Song
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Chen L, Liu Y, Long Y, Lyu J, Feng C, Ning Y, Yi Z. Morphology and molecular phylogeny of two new soil ciliates, Hemiurosomoida warreni nov. spec. and Hemiurosoma clampi nov. spec. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia) from Tibet. Eur J Protistol 2020; 77:125746. [PMID: 33276198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2020.125746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two novel hypotrichous ciliates, Hemiurosomoida warreni nov. spec. and Hemiurosoma clampi nov. spec., isolated from soil in the Lhalu Wetland and Motuo Virgin Forest in Tibet, respectively, were investigated using live observation and protargol staining. Hemiurosomoida warreni nov. spec. strongly resembles the type species H. longa but can be distinguished by its body size in vivo (110-145 × 30-40 μm vs. 50-100 × 18-40 μm), number of adoral membranelles (25-38 vs. 15-22), and numbers of right (29-39 vs. 14-23) and left (26-35 vs. 13-23) marginal cirri, transverse cirri (3 vs. 4 or 5) and macronuclear nodules (4-8 vs. 2). Hemiurosoma clampi nov. spec. is characterized by its vermiform body shape, colourless cortical granules distributed in irregular rows, two macronuclear nodules, three frontal cirri, one buccal cirrus, four frontoventral cirri ranged in a line, two transverse cirri, lacking postoral ventral and pretransverse ventral cirri, and marginal rows that are not posteriorly confluent. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA gene sequences suggest that Hemiurosomoida is not monophyletic. A close relationship is revealed between Hemiurosomoida warreni nov. spec., Parakahilella macrostoma, Hemiurosoma clampi nov. spec., and the type species Hemiurosoma terricola. As expected, all these species are classified within the "non-oxytrichid Dorsomarginalia".
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Chen
- Laboratory of Microbiota, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yongli Long
- Laboratory of Microbiota, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jing Lyu
- Laboratory of Microbiota, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunyan Feng
- Laboratory of Microbiota, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yingzhi Ning
- Laboratory of Microbiota, College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Yi
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Documentation of a new hypotrich species in the family Amphisiellidae, Lamtostyla gui n. sp. (Protista, Ciliophora) using a multidisciplinary approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3763. [PMID: 32111909 PMCID: PMC7048753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60327-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An integrated approach considering both morphologic and molecular data is now required to improve biodiversity estimations and provide more robust systematics interpretations in hypotrichs, a highly differentiated group of ciliates. In present study, we document a new hypotrich species, Lamtostyla gui n. sp., collected from Chongming wetland, Shanghai, China, based on investigations using living observation, protargol staining, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and gene sequencing. The new species is mainly recognized by having a short amphisiellid median cirral row composed of four cirri, three frontoventral cirri, three dorsal kinetids, four to eight macronuclear nodules, and small colorless cortical granules distributed as rosettes around dorsal bristles. Transmission electron microscope observation finds the associated microtubules of cirri and pharyngeal discs of L. gui are distinct from those in other hypotrichs. Morphogenesis of this species indicates that parental adoral membranelles retained intact or partial renewed is a potential feature to separate Lamtostyla granulifera-group and Lamtostyla lamottei-group. Phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene shows that this molecular marker is not useful to resolve phylogenetic relationships of the genus Lamtostyla, as well as many other hypotrichous taxa. We additionally characterize the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) region and the almost complete large subunit rRNA, which will be essential for future studies aimed at solving phylogenetic problems of Lamtostyla, or even the family Amphisiellidae. As a final remark, the critical screening of GenBank using ITS genes of our organism allows us to recognize a large amount of hypotrichous sequences have been misclassified as fungi. This observation suggests that hypotrichs could be frequently found in fungi-rich environment and overlooked by fungal specialists.
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Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new hypotrich ciliate, Anteholosticha songi nov. spec., and an American population of Holosticha pullaster (Müller, 1773) Foissner et al., 1991 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). Eur J Protistol 2020; 72:125646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2019.125646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Jung JH, Omar A, Kim KS, Kang SC, Kwak DY, Sun JH, Min GS. A study on the non-monophyletic genera Australothrix and Holostichides based on multigene and morphological analyses with a reexamination of type materials (Protozoa: Ciliophora). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 139:106538. [PMID: 31220579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In a study of ciliate diversity, we collected two new species of the genera Australothrix and Holostichides. Based on nuclear ribosomal genes, our study shows that these two genera are genetically non-monophyletic. To clarify the issues of the non-monophyly, we reexamined type material of H. heterotypicus, H. terrae, and Birojimia soyaensis. Based on multigene and morphometric analyses, Australothrix and Holostichides are clearly non-monophyletic even in mitochondrial CO1 gene trees. The multigene analyses show a clade composed of A. lineae sp. nov., H. terrae, and B. soyaensis, suggesting that a cytopharynx with argyrophilic structures might be their synapomorphy. A list of species with this type of cytopharynx is provided for further studies to either accept or reject this hypothesis. Based on the reexamination, we discriminate the morphologically nearly identical (cryptic/sibling) species H. obliquocirratus sp. nov. from H. heterotypicus and they show significant genetic dissimilarities in the multigene trees. They showed only few morphological (non-quantitative) differences and thus distinguishing them morphologically needs careful investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Ho Jung
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea.
| | - Atef Omar
- Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea; Department of Zoology, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Kang-San Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chae Kang
- Institute of Science-Gifted Education, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yoon Kwak
- Institute of Science-Gifted Education, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeok Sun
- Institute of Science-Gifted Education, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Sik Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Wen K, Zhu E, Wang J. Morphology and morphogenesis of a Chinese population of a soil urostylid ciliate, Extraholosticha sylvatica (Foissner, 1982) Li et al., 2017 (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). ACTA PROTOZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.4467/16890027ap.19.017.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A soil urostylid ciliate Extraholosticha sylvatica, isolated from southern China, is studied using live observation and protargol impregnation. The main ontogenetic features of E. sylvatica are as follows: (a) in the proter, only the posterior part of the parental adoral zone of membranelles is renewed, while the anterior portion is retained; undulating membranes anlage undergo, like most hypotrichs, depolymerization of old undulating membranes and differentiation of new structures; (b) the oral primordium in the opisthe and the frontoventraltransverse cirral anlagen in both daughter cells are formed with contribution of the parental midventral cirri; (c) three frontal, one buccal, three to five frontoventral, one or two frontoterminal, two or three pretransverse ventral and six to 11 transverse cirri and 16–22 midventral pairs are generated from frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen; (d) in both the left and the right marginal rows as well as the dorsal kineties, each two anlagen are formed intrakinetally; three to six caudal cirri are formed at the posterior end of the 5th dorsal kinety anlage; (e) the macronuclear nodules fuse into a single mass during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbao Li
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Keqing Wen
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environmental Biophysics, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Erkang Zhu
- Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Protozoological Biodiversity and Evolution in Wetland, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
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