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Gouraguine A, Sundin J, Díaz-Gil C. Using water masses of different temperature and salinity in two-channel choice chambers is unsuitable due to density differences: a comment on Baptista et al. (2020). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03004-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Rodgers EM, Poletto JB, Gomez Isaza DF, Van Eenennaam JP, Connon RE, Todgham AE, Seesholtz A, Heublein JC, Cech JJ, Kelly JT, Fangue NA. Integrating physiological data with the conservation and management of fishes: a meta-analytical review using the threatened green sturgeon ( Acipenser medirostris). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz035. [PMID: 31281658 PMCID: PMC6601218 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Reversing global declines in the abundance and diversity of fishes is dependent on science-based conservation solutions. A wealth of data exist on the ecophysiological constraints of many fishes, but much of this information is underutilized in recovery plans due to a lack of synthesis. Here, we used the imperiled green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) as an example of how a quantitative synthesis of physiological data can inform conservation plans, identify knowledge gaps and direct future research actions. We reviewed and extracted metadata from peer-reviewed papers on green sturgeon. A total of 105 publications were identified, spanning multiple disciplines, with the primary focus being conservation physiology (23.8%). A meta-analytical approach was chosen to summarize the mean effects of prominent stressors (elevated temperatures, salinity, low food availability and contaminants) on several physiological traits (growth, thermal tolerance, swimming performance and heat shock protein expression). All examined stressors significantly impaired green sturgeon growth, and additional stressor-specific costs were documented. These findings were then used to suggest several management actions, such as mitigating salt intrusion in nursery habitats and maintaining water temperatures within optimal ranges during peak spawning periods. Key data gaps were also identified; research efforts have been biased towards juvenile (38.1%) and adult (35.2%) life-history stages, and less data are available for early life-history stages (embryonic, 11.4%; yolk-sac larvae, 12.4%; and post yolk-sac larvae, 16.2%). Similarly, most data were collected from single-stressor studies (91.4%) and there is an urgent need to understand interactions among stressors as anthropogenic change is multi-variate and dynamic. Collectively, these findings provide an example of how meta-analytic reviews are a powerful tool to inform management actions, with the end goal of maximizing conservation gains from research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essie M Rodgers
- Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jamilynn B Poletto
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 3310 Holdrege St., Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Daniel F Gomez Isaza
- School of Biological Sciences, The University Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joel P Van Eenennaam
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
| | - Richard E Connon
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anne E Todgham
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
| | - Alicia Seesholtz
- California Department of Water Resources, Industrial Blvd., West Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joe C Heublein
- NOAA National Marine Fisheries Program, West Coast Region, Capital Mall, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joseph J Cech
- Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
| | - John T Kelly
- Fisheries Branch, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nann A Fangue
- Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, USA
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Gouraguine A, Díaz-Gil C, Sundin J, Moranta J, Jutfelt F. Density differences between water masses preclude laminar flow in two-current choice flumes. Oecologia 2019; 189:875-881. [PMID: 30815728 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-019-04363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two-current choice flumes are used to measure preference and avoidance behaviour in response to chemical cues in aquatic animals. If used correctly, they produce two parallel, non-overlapping, laminar water currents in which the animal can move freely and choose between the two currents. As climate change is affecting water temperature, and altered precipitation patterns are changing water salinity, two-current choice flumes are increasingly being used to test the choice between water currents of different temperatures and salinities. This inevitably means that water currents of different densities are being used simultaneously in the flume. Here, we investigated the tolerance range for density differences due to temperature and salinity in five common flume designs. Through dye tests and stepwise modifications of temperatures and salinities we determined the limits for laminar and non-overlapping flows. We also developed an automated method for quantifying the overlap precisely and objectively. The tolerance for density differences between the water currents where laminar and non-overlapping flows were maintained was surprisingly low, withstanding ± 0.5 °C temperature differences, and ± 0.1 PSU salinity differences, i.e. a maximum density difference of 0.28 gL-1. Above these very narrow limits we found a range where the flumes showed partly overlapping, stratified water currents that preclude easy determination of cue preference. We conclude that two-current choice flumes are not suitable for testing the behavioural choices of aquatic animals using water currents of anything other than minor differences in temperature and/or salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Gouraguine
- University of Essex, School of Biological Sciences, Colchester, UK.
| | - Carlos Díaz-Gil
- Department of Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Spain.,Laboratori d'Investigacions Marines i Aqüicultura (LIMIA), Balearic Government, Port d'Andratx, Spain
| | - Josefin Sundin
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Joan Moranta
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centre Oceanogràfic de les Balears, Ecosystem Oceanography Group (GRECO), Palma, Spain
| | - Fredrik Jutfelt
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Boivin B, Castonguay M, Audet C, Pavey SA, Dionne M, Bernatchez L. How does salinity influence habitat selection and growth in juvenile American eels Anguilla rostrata? JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2015; 86:765-784. [PMID: 25603719 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of salinity on habitat selection and growth in juvenile American eels Anguilla rostrata captured in four rivers across eastern Canada was assessed in controlled experiments in 2011 and 2012. Glass eels were first categorized according to their salinity preferences towards fresh (FW), salt (SW) or brackish water (BW) and the growth rate of each group of elvers was subsequently monitored in controlled FW and BW environments for 7 months. Most glass eels (78-89%) did not make a choice, i.e. they remained in BW. Salinity preferences were not influenced by body condition, although a possible role of pigmentation could not be ruled out. Glass eels that did make a choice displayed a similar preference for FW (60-75%) regardless of their geographic origin but glass eels from the St Lawrence Estuary displayed a significantly higher locomotor activity than those from other regions. Neither the salinity preferences showed by glass eels in the first experiment nor the rearing salinities appeared to have much influence on growth during the experiments. Elvers from Nova Scotia, however, reached a significantly higher mass than those from the St Lawrence Estuary thus supporting the hypothesis of genetically (or epigenetically) based differences for growth between A. rostrata from different origins. These results provide important ecological knowledge for the sustained exploitation and conservation of this threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Boivin
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - M Castonguay
- Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Pêches et Océans Canada, 850 Route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | - C Audet
- Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - S A Pavey
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - M Dionne
- Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs, 880 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1S 4X4, Canada
| | - L Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Haller LY, Hung SSO, Lee S, Fadel JG, Lee JH, McEnroe M, Fangue NA. Effect of Nutritional Status on the Osmoregulation of Green Sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris). Physiol Biochem Zool 2015; 88:22-42. [DOI: 10.1086/679519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Verhille CE, Poletto JB, Cocherell DE, DeCourten B, Baird S, Cech JJ, Fangue NA. Larval green and white sturgeon swimming performance in relation to water-diversion flows. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 2:cou031. [PMID: 27293652 PMCID: PMC4806727 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cou031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Little is known of the swimming capacities of larval sturgeons, despite global population declines in many species due in part to fragmentation of their spawning and rearing habitats by man-made water-diversion structures. Larval green (Acipenser medirostris) and white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) inhabit the highly altered Sacramento-San Joaquin watershed, making them logical species to examine vulnerability to entrainment by altered water flows. The risk of larval sturgeon entrainment is influenced by the ontogeny of swimming capacity and dispersal timing and their interactions with water-diversion structure operations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe and compare the ontogeny and allometry of larval green and white sturgeon swimming capacities until completion of metamorphosis into juveniles. Despite the faster growth rates and eventual larger size of larval white sturgeon, green sturgeon critical swimming velocities remained consistently, though modestly, greater than those of white sturgeon throughout the larval life stage. Although behavioural interactions with water-diversion structures are also important considerations, regarding swimming capacity, Sacramento-San Joaquin sturgeons are most vulnerable to entrainment in February-May, when white sturgeon early larvae are in the middle Sacramento River, and April-May, when green sturgeon early larvae are in the upper river. Green sturgeon migrating downstream to the estuary and bays in October-November are also susceptible to entrainment due to their movements combined with seasonal declines in their swimming capacity. An additional inter-species comparison of the allometric relationship between critical swimming velocities and total length with several sturgeon species found throughout the world suggests a similar ontogeny of swimming capacity with growth. Therefore, although dispersal and behaviour differ among river systems and sturgeon species, similar recommendations are applicable for managers seeking to balance water demands with restoration and conservation of sturgeons worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Verhille
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jamilynn B. Poletto
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Dennis E. Cocherell
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bethany DeCourten
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Sarah Baird
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Joseph J. Cech
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nann A. Fangue
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA. Tel: +1 530 752 6586.
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