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Tiktak GP, Gabb A, Brandt M, Diz FR, Bravo-Vásquez K, Peñaherrera-Palma C, Valdiviezo-Rivera J, Carlisle A, Melling LM, Cain B, Megson D, Preziosi R, Shaw KJ. Genetic identification of three CITES-listed sharks using a paper-based Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300383. [PMID: 38574082 PMCID: PMC10994358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Threatened shark species are caught in large numbers by artisanal and commercial fisheries and traded globally. Monitoring both which shark species are caught and sold in fisheries, and the export of CITES-restricted products, are essential in reducing illegal fishing. Current methods for species identification rely on visual examination by experts or DNA barcoding techniques requiring specialist laboratory facilities and trained personnel. The need for specialist equipment and/or input from experts means many markets are currently not monitored. We have developed a paper-based Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) to facilitate identification of three threatened and CITES-listed sharks, bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus), pelagic thresher (A. pelagicus) and shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus) at market source. DNA was successfully extracted from shark meat and fin samples and combined with DNA amplification and visualisation using Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) on the LOC. This resulted in the successful identification of the target species of sharks in under an hour, with a working positive and negative control. The LOC provided a simple "yes" or "no" result via a colour change from pink to yellow when one of the target species was present. The LOC serves as proof-of-concept (PoC) for field-based species identification as it does not require specialist facilities. It can be used by non-scientifically trained personnel, especially in areas where there are suspected high frequencies of mislabelling or for the identification of dried shark fins in seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guuske P. Tiktak
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandria Gabb
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Margarita Brandt
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
- Instituto Biósfera, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Quito, Ecuador
| | - Fernando R. Diz
- Marine Conservation Program, WWF Fisheries Ecuador, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Karla Bravo-Vásquez
- Plan de Acción Nacional para la Conservación y el Manejo de Tiburones de Ecuador, Viceministerio de Acuacultura y Pesca, Ministerio de Producción, Comercio Exterior, Inversiones y Pesca, Puerto Pesquero Artesanal de San Mateo, Manta, Manabí, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Aaron Carlisle
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Louise M. Melling
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley Cain
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - David Megson
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Preziosi
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty J. Shaw
- Ecology & Environment Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Bottaro M. Sixth sense in the deep-sea: the electrosensory system in ghost shark Chimaera monstrosa. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9848. [PMID: 35701513 PMCID: PMC9198096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals that continually live in deep sea habitats face unique challenges and require adaptive specializations solutions in order to locate and identify food, predators, and conspecifics. The Ampullae of Lorenzini are specialized electroreceptors used by chondrichthyans for important biological functions. Ampullary organs of the ghost shark Chimaera monstrosa, a deep-sea species commonly captured as by-catch in the bottom trawl fishery, are here described for the first time using macroscopic, ultrastructural and histological approaches. The number of ampullary pores in C. monstrosa is about 700, distributed into the whole cephalic section of C. monstrosa, and organized in12 pore clusters and they are arranged into different configurations and form a distinct morphological pattern for this species, showing some anatomical peculiarities never described before in others cartilaginous fishes and may constitute an evolutionary adaptation of this ancient chondrichthyan species to the extreme environmental conditions of its deep sea niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Bottaro
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology (EMI), Genoa Marine Centre (GMC), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn - Italian National Institute of Marine Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Villa del Principe, Piazza del Principe 4, 16126, Genoa, Italy.
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Consales G, Marsili L. Assessment of the conservation status of Chondrichthyans: underestimation of the pollution threat. THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2020.1858981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Consales
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - L. Marsili
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- Inter-University Center of Cetacean Research (CIRCE), Siena, Italy
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Cagnazzi D, Consales G, Broadhurst MK, Marsili L. Bioaccumulation of organochlorine compounds in large, threatened elasmobranchs off northern New South Wales, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 139:263-269. [PMID: 30686427 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) include polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), which are resistant to biodegradation and therefore accumulate in the marine environment. In Australia, POPs occur in high concentrations primarily in costal water near farming regions and urban centres. From contaminated sediments and biota, POPs are transferred and biomagnified in larger marine organisms. We quantified POPs concentrations in 57 individuals from ten species of sharks and rays caught in bather-protection gillnets deployed off northern New South Wales, Australia. Polychlorinated biphenyls, DDTs and HCB were detected in all species. For some individuals, concentrations were at levels known to have deleterious sub-lethal effects. Overall, the POP concentrations analysed in this study were comparable to those in similar species from more polluted regions, and may have negative impacts on longer-term health. Future research is warranted to investigate spatio-temporal patterns of species-specific contaminant loads and their implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Cagnazzi
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia.
| | - Guia Consales
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, Siena University, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Matt K Broadhurst
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Conservation Technology Unit, National Marine Science Centre, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia; Marine and Estuarine Ecology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Letizia Marsili
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, Siena University, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy
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