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Mitochondrial DNA of Sardinian and North-West Italian Populations Revealed a New Piece in the Mosaic of Phylogeography and Phylogeny of Salariopsis fluviatilis (Blenniidae). Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233403. [PMID: 36496923 PMCID: PMC9736072 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Salariopsis (Blenniidae) comprises freshwater blenny fish that inhabits Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, and north-east Atlantic areas. Three species were formally described to date: Salariopsis fluviatilis. S. economidisi, and S. atlantica. In this study, 103 individuals were collected from different Italian regions (Sardinia, Liguria, Piedmont, Lombardy) and analyzed using the mtDNA Control Region and the ribosomal 16s gene. We aimed (i) to depict the phylogeographic patterns of S. fluviatilis in northern Italy and Sardinia and (ii) to compare the genetic structure of Italian samples with those from other Mediterranean regions. Results obtained showed the presence of a well-supported genetic structuring among Italian S. fluviatilis populations, shedding new light on the phylogeographic patterns of northern Italian populations of S. fluviatilis sensu stricto across the Ligurian Alpine ridge and the Sardinia Island-mainland dispersal patterns. Furthermore, our species delimitation analysis was consistent in supporting results of previous research about the presence of genetic differentiation among S. fluviatilis, evidencing: (i) a large group of S. fluviatilis sensu stricto that includes two sub-groups (Occidental and Oriental), (ii) one group comprising populations from the Middle East of a taxonomic entity corresponding to Salariopsis cf. fluviatilis, and (iii) one group of Iberian individuals from the Guadiana River.
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Khan U, Ateşşahin T, Eroğlu M, Düşükcan M. Morphological variations of an invasive cyprinid fish (
Carassius gibelio
) in lentic and lotic environments inferred from the body, otolith, and scale shapes. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umar Khan
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology Karadeniz Technical University Trabzon Türkiye
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3
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Summers TC, Ord TJ. The stabilising impact of natural selection on the allometry of sexual ornaments: Fish that escape locomotor constraints exhibit extravagant ornamentation. Funct Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Summers
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, and the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Kensington NSW Australia
| | - Terry J. Ord
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, and the School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Kensington NSW Australia
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4
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Wagner M, Zogaris S, Berrebi P, Freyhof J, Koblmüller S, Magnan P, Laporte M. Diversity and biogeography of Mediterranean freshwater blennies (Blenniidae,
Salaria
). DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wagner
- Institute of Biology University of Graz Graz Austria
- Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium
| | - Stamatis Zogaris
- Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) Anavissos Greece
| | - Patrick Berrebi
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM) IUMR 5554, UM2‐CNRS‐IRD‐EPHE, Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
- Genome ‐ Research & Diagnostic Saint‐Just France
| | - Jörg Freyhof
- Museum für Naturkunde Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | | | - Pierre Magnan
- Centre de Recherche sur les Interactions bassins Versants‐Écosystème aquatiques (RIVE) Université du Québec à Trois‐Rivières Trois‐Rivières QC Canada
| | - Martin Laporte
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM) IUMR 5554, UM2‐CNRS‐IRD‐EPHE, Université de Montpellier Montpellier France
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval Québec QC Canada
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Fabre N, Vila-Gispert A, Galobart C, Vinyoles D. Effect of environmental enrichment on the body shape of the pumpkinseed. Curr Zool 2020; 66:597-599. [PMID: 33293938 PMCID: PMC7705513 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noëlle Fabre
- Linguistic Education and Experimental/Mathematics Sciences Didactics Department, Faculty of Education, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Dolors Vinyoles
- Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Dorant Y, Cayuela H, Wellband K, Laporte M, Rougemont Q, Mérot C, Normandeau E, Rochette R, Bernatchez L. Copy number variants outperform SNPs to reveal genotype–temperature association in a marine species. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4765-4782. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yann Dorant
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Hugo Cayuela
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Kyle Wellband
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Martin Laporte
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Quentin Rougemont
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Claire Mérot
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Eric Normandeau
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
| | - Rémy Rochette
- Department of Biology University of New Brunswick Saint John NB Canada
| | - Louis Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative des Systèmes (IBIS) Université Laval Québec QC Canada
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7
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Križek P, Mendel J, Fedorčák J, Koščo J. In the foothill zone- Sabanejewia balcanica (Karaman 1922), in the lowland zone- Sabanejewia bulgarica (Drensky, 1928): Myth or reality? Ecol Evol 2020; 10:7929-7947. [PMID: 32760575 PMCID: PMC7391564 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The status of golden loaches (genus Sabanejewia) in the region of Central Europe and Balkans is still ambiguous. The greatest controversy is caused by species Sabanejewia balcanica and S. bulgarica. Both species are characterized by a wide spectrum of morphological variability and overlapping of distinguishing features, which then lead to difficulties in their determination. Previous phylogenetic studies aimed on the resolving of their taxonomic status did not include samples from their type localities and so led to a lack of their true distribution in this region. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to identify taxonomic status of golden loaches populations in the region of the middle Danube basin and adjacent areas on the model territory of Slovakia. For this purpose, we used novelty approach (morphological, molecular, and microhabitat) and we also included the missing samples from the type localities of both species. Based on mtDNA all the Slovakian samples reflected haplotype richness revealed on the type locality of S. bulgarica, although the genetic distances from other representatives of the genus Sabanejewia occurring are not significant. Within the morphology, we have revealed a great measure of variability in studied populations, which is largely caused by different habitat conditions and thus representing a phenotypic plasticity of these fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Križek
- Faculty of Humanities and Natural SciencesDepartment of EcologyUniversity of Prešov in PrešovPrešovSlovakia
| | - Jan Mendel
- Institute of Vertebrate BiologyCzech Academy of SciencesBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Jakub Fedorčák
- Faculty of Humanities and Natural SciencesDepartment of EcologyUniversity of Prešov in PrešovPrešovSlovakia
| | - Ján Koščo
- Faculty of Humanities and Natural SciencesDepartment of EcologyUniversity of Prešov in PrešovPrešovSlovakia
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Li W, Cheng X, Xie J, Wang Z, Yu D. Hydrodynamics of an in-pond raceway system with an aeration plug-flow device for application in aquaculture: an experimental study. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:182061. [PMID: 31417696 PMCID: PMC6689605 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.182061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An in-pond raceway system (IPRS) is an effective intensive aquaculture practice for regions with high water consumption and limited land resources. Water flow and dissolved oxygen (DO) are important for sustainable aquaculture. Several innovations have been made in IPRS design and operation to increase water exchange and DO concentration; one of these is the aeration plug-flow device (APFD). The APFD is commonly used in China as the only power source for water recirculation in aquaculture ponds. Understanding of the hydrodynamics of the system is necessary to improve the design of the IPRS with APFD. To this end, we performed experimental studies on a model system. We measured three-dimensional velocity at various locations using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. Velocity distribution and turbulence characteristics were assessed, and plug-flow characteristics were analysed. Two patterns of velocity and turbulence in horizontal sections were observed: near the APFD, the water flow was intensively pushed downstream and simultaneously recirculated; farther away, the reflux area gradually decreased and the velocity and turbulence distribution trended towards uniform. Secondary flows occurred in different directions, which improved the diffusion of materials and DO retention. The system is effectively self-circulating, and the plug-flow capability may be scaled up for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangju Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xie
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Deguang Yu
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, People's Republic of China
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Laporte M, Berrebi P, Claude J, Vinyoles D, Pou-Rovira Q, Raymond JC, Magnan P. The ecology of sexual dimorphism in size and shape of the freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis. Curr Zool 2018; 64:183-191. [PMID: 30402058 PMCID: PMC5905518 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zox043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection is considered the major cause of sexual dimorphism, but recent observations suggest that natural selection may play a more important role in the evolution of sex differentiation than previously recognized. Therefore, studying the trade-offs between natural selection and sexual selection is crucial to a better understanding of the ecology underlying the evolution of sexual dimorphism. The freshwater blenny Salaria fluviatilis, a fish inhabiting lakes and rivers around the Mediterranean Sea, displays strong sexual dimorphism in size, shape, and behavior (i.e., larger body and head size for males and higher swimming requirements for females during the reproductive period). We tested for differences in sexual dimorphism in size and shape between the populations from lake and river habitats with the goal of identifying the trade-offs between natural and sexual selection that underlie variations in sexual dimorphism in this species. Our results show i) differences in sexual size dimorphism (SSizeD) in accordance to Rensch's rule (i.e., larger individuals in rivers associated with higher SSizeD), and ii) a decrease in shape differentiation between males and females in lake populations. Together, this suggests that the different environmental conditions between lake and river habitats (e.g., resource limitations, predation pressure, water velocity) affect the relative importance of sexual selection in the display of sexual dimorphism within the species. This study highlights the importance of considering the environmental conditions to which populations are exposed to better understand the ecology underlying the evolution of sexual dimorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Laporte
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR 5554 UM2-CNRS-IRD, Université de Montpellier II, CC065, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier, Cedex 5 34095, France.,Département de Biologie, Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec, Québec City, Canada G1V 0A6
| | - Patrick Berrebi
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR 5554 UM2-CNRS-IRD, Université de Montpellier II, CC065, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier, Cedex 5 34095, France
| | - Julien Claude
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier (ISEM), UMR 5554 UM2-CNRS-IRD, Université de Montpellier II, CC065, Place E. Bataillon, Montpellier, Cedex 5 34095, France
| | - Dolors Vinyoles
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Quim Pou-Rovira
- Sorelló, estudis al medi aquàtic, Plaça St. Pere 15, Baixos, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Jean-Claude Raymond
- Office National de l'Eau et des Milieux Aquatiques (ONEMA), Unité Spécialisée Milieux Lacustres, Pisciculture de Rives, 13, Quai de Rives, Thonon-les-Bains 74200, France
| | - Pierre Magnan
- Centre de recherche sur les interactions bassins versants-écosystèmes aquatiques (RIVE), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C. P. 500, Trois-Rivières, Québec City, Canada G9A 5H7
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10
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Leung C, Breton S, Angers B. A trait-based ecology to assess the acclimation of a sperm-dependent clonal fish compared to its sexual host. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5896. [PMID: 30405974 PMCID: PMC6216994 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Survival in temporally or spatially changing environments is a prerequisite for the perpetuation of a given species. In addition to genetic variation, the role of epigenetic processes is crucial in the persistence of organisms. For instance, mechanisms such as developmental flexibility enable the adjustment of the phenotype of a given individual to changing conditions throughout its development. However, the extent of factors other than genetic variability, like epigenetic processes, in the production of alternative phenotype and the consequences in realized ecological niches is still unclear. Methods In this study, we compared the extent of realized niches between asexual and sexual individuals from different environments. We used a trait-based ecology approach exploiting trophic and locomotive structures to infer the environment that each biotype actually used. More specifically, we compared the morphology of the all-female clonal and sperm-dependent fish Chrosomus eos-neogaeus to that of their sexual host species C. eos in common garden and natural conditions. Results Transfer from natural to controlled conditions resulted in a similar shift in measured morphology for clonal and sexual individuals suggesting comparable level of flexibility in both kinds of organisms. However, clonal, but not sexual, individuals displayed a consistent phenotype when reared in uniform conditions indicating that in absence of genetic variation, one phenotype corresponds to one niche. This contrasted with results from natural conditions where clones were morphologically as variable as sexual individuals within a sampled site. In addition, similar phenotypic changes for both clonal and sexual individuals were observed among the majority of sampled sites, indicating that they responded similarly to the same environments. Discussion Our results indicated that clones can efficiently use different niches and may evolve in a range of environmental conditions comparable to that of a sexual species, thus underlying the importance of factors other than genetic variability, like epigenetic processes, for coping with environmental heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Leung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Breton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Angers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Christou M, Iliopoulou M, Witten PE, Koumoundouros G. Segmentation pattern of zebrafish caudal fin is affected by developmental temperature and defined by multiple fusions between segments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2018; 330:330-340. [PMID: 30156749 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Caudal-fin lepidotrichia is composed of numerous segments, which are linked to each other by intersegmental joints. During fish growth, lepidotrichia elongate by the addition of new segments at their distal margin, whereas the length of each segment remains constant after it is formed. In the present paper, we examined whether the water temperature affects the segmentation pattern of the juvenile and adult caudal fin. For this purpose, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos and larvae were exposed to three different temperature conditions (24°C, 28°C, and 32°C) from the pharyngula stage (1 day postfertilization [dpf]) to metamorphosis, whereas the control temperature (28°C) was applied to all the groups before and after this period. Results demonstrated that water temperature had a significant effect on the length of the segments of each lepidotrichium, at both the juvenile and adult stages. Moreover, at higher temperatures, there was a significant proximal shift of the position of the first bifurcation of the second lepidotrichium of the dorsal lobe. At all the experimental conditions, the length of proximal segment was not constant during fish growth, but it followed a discontinuous saltatory growth. Histological analysis of the proximal lepidotrichia segments revealed that the observed apparent growth of segments is the result of fusions between segments. Fusion occurs not by mineralization of the intersegmental joints, but by bone deposition around the joints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul Eckhard Witten
- Biology Department, Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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12
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Carter JM, Clement MJ, Makinster AS, Crowder CD, Hickerson BT. Classification Success of Species within theGila robustaComplex Using Morphometric and Meristic Characters—A Reexamination. COPEIA 2018. [DOI: 10.1643/cg-17-614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Portella T, Lobón-Cerviá J, Manna LR, Bergallo HG, Mazzoni R. Eco-morphological attributes and feeding habits in coexisting characins. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 90:129-146. [PMID: 27730634 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The head morphology and feeding habits of pairs of characin species (family Characidae) that coexist in four different coastal rainforest streams were analysed. Coexisting species differed in size, but were very similar in eco-morphological attributes. Gut analyses revealed differences in feeding preferences for each coexisting species, indicating resource partitioning. A pattern of organization in species pairs that was repeated in the four studied streams was noticed. The pattern consisted of one slightly larger species with a feeding preference for items of allochthonous origin and another smaller species with a preference for autochthonous items. The hypothesis that small morphological differences enable the current coexistence of those species pairs was proposed. Furthermore, the results show ecological equivalence among different species in the studied streams.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Portella
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, CEP 20550-13, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - J Lobón-Cerviá
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), C/2, José Gutierrez Abascal, Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - L R Manna
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, CEP 20550-13, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - H G Bergallo
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, CEP 20550-13, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - R Mazzoni
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro-UERJ, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Maracanã, CEP 20550-13, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Bernatchez S, Laporte M, Perrier C, Sirois P, Bernatchez L. Investigating genomic and phenotypic parallelism between piscivorous and planktivorous lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) ecotypes by means of RADseq and morphometrics analyses. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:4773-92. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada G1V 0A6
| | - M. Laporte
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada G1V 0A6
| | - C. Perrier
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada G1V 0A6
- Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle and Evolutive; CNRS; 34293 Montpellier 5 France
| | - P. Sirois
- Chaire de recherche sur les espèces aquatiques exploitées; Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; Chicoutimi Québec Canada G7H 2B1
| | - L. Bernatchez
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS); Université Laval; Québec Québec Canada G1V 0A6
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15
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Adaptation and acclimation of traits associated with swimming capacity in Lake Whitefish (coregonus clupeaformis) ecotypes. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:160. [PMID: 27514685 PMCID: PMC4982116 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0732-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Improved performance in a given ecological niche can occur through local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, or a combination of these mechanisms. Evaluating the relative importance of these two mechanisms is needed to better understand the cause of intra specific polymorphism. In this study, we reared populations of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) representing the’normal’ (benthic form) and the ‘dwarf’ (derived limnetic form) ecotypes in two different conditions (control and swim-training) to test the relative importance of adaptation and acclimation in the differentiation of traits related to swimming capacity. The dwarf whitefish is a more active swimmer than the normal ecotype, and also has a higher capacity for aerobic energy production in the swimming musculature. We hypothesized that dwarf fish would show changes in morphological and physiological traits consistent with reductions in the energetic costs of swimming and maintenance metabolism. Results We found differences in traits predicted to decrease the costs of prolonged swimming and standard metabolic rate and allow for a more active lifestyle in dwarf whitefish. Dwarf whitefish evolved a more streamlined body shape, predicted to lead to a decreased drag, and a smaller brain, which may decrease their standard metabolic rate. Contrary to predictions, we also found evidence of acclimation in liver size and metabolic enzyme activities. Conclusion Results support the view that local adaptation has contributed to the genetically-based divergence of traits associated with swimming activity. Presence of post-zygotic barriers limiting gene flow between these ecotype pairs may have favoured repeated local adaptation to the limnetic niches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0732-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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