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Shi Y, Qiu J, Li X, Lin Y, Li W, Hou J, Fu Y. Role of Thyroid Hormone in Dynamic Variation of gdf6a Gene during Metamorphosis of Paralichthys olivaceus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:23. [PMID: 38203198 PMCID: PMC10779056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is a marine fish that undergoes a dramatic postembryonic metamorphosis, with the right eye shifting to the left and its lifestyle transitioning from planktonic to benthic. As the light environment of the habitat changes from bright to dim, its photoreceptor system also undergoes adaptive change. Growth differentiation factor 6a (Gdf6a) is a member of the BMP family, which plays a key role in regulating the dorsal-ventral pattern of the retina and photoreceptor fate, and the differentiation of different photoreceptors is also modulated by a thyroid hormone (TH) binding its receptor (TR). However, the relationship between gdf6a and TH and its role in the regulation of photoreceptors during flounder metamorphosis is still poorly understood. In this study, bioinformatics analysis showed that Gdf6a had a conserved TGFB structural domain and clusters with fishes. The expression analysis showed that the expression of gdf6a was highest in the eye tissue of adult flounder and tended to increase and then decrease during metamorphosis, reaching its highest levels at the peak of metamorphosis. Moreover, the expression of gdf6a increased in the early stages of metamorphosis after exogenous TH treatment, while it was inhibited after exogenous thiourea (a TH inhibitor, TU) treatment. To further investigate the targeting role of TH and gdf6a in the metamorphosis of flounder, the results of the Dual-Luciferase revealed that triiodothyronine (T3) may regulate the expression of gdf6a through TRβ. In conclusion, we speculate that TH influences the development of cone photoreceptors during the metamorphosis of the flounder by regulating the expression of gdf6a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.S.); (J.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.S.); (J.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xike Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.S.); (J.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yue Lin
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.S.); (J.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.S.); (J.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jilun Hou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of the Bohai Sea Fish Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao 066100, China
| | - Yuanshuai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (Y.S.); (J.Q.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (W.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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