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Nan X, Li W, Shao M, Cui Z, Wang H, Huo J, Chen L, Chen B, Ma Z. Shading Treatment Reduces Grape Sugar Content by Suppressing Photosynthesis-Antenna Protein Pathway Gene Expression in Grape Berries. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5029. [PMID: 38732247 PMCID: PMC11084848 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25095029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the impact of shade treatment on grape berries, 'Marselan' grape berries were bagged under different light transmission rates (100% (CK), 75% (A), 50% (B), 25% (C), 0% (D)). It was observed that this treatment delayed the ripening of the grape berries. The individual weight of the grape berries, as well as the content of fructose, glucose, soluble sugars, and organic acids in the berries, was measured at 90, 100, and 125 days after flowering (DAF90, DAF100, DAF125). The results revealed that shading treatment reduced the sugar content in grape berries; the levels of fructose and glucose were higher in the CK treatment compared to the other treatments, and they increased with the duration of the shading treatment. Conversely, the sucrose content exhibited the opposite trend. Additionally, as the weight of the grape berries increased, the content of soluble solids and soluble sugars in the berries also increased, while the titratable acidity decreased. Furthermore, 16 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway from the transcriptome sequencing data. Correlation analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes VIT_08s0007g02190 (Lhcb4) and VIT_15s0024g00040 (Lhca3) were positively correlated with sugar content in the berries at DAF100, but negatively correlated at DAF125. qRT-PCR results confirmed the correlation analysis. This indicates that shading grape clusters inhibits the expression of genes in the photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway in the grape berries, leading to a decrease in sugar content. This finding contributes to a deeper understanding of the impact mechanisms of grape cluster shading on berry quality, providing important scientific grounds for improving grape berry quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zonghuan Ma
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China (J.H.)
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Oikawa A, Takeuchi K, Morita K, Horibe Y, Sasaki R, Murayama H. Effects of Climate Conditions before Harvest Date on Edamame Metabolome. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:87. [PMID: 38202395 PMCID: PMC10780805 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Edamame is a green soybean that is rich in nutrients. Boiled edamame has been traditionally used for food in the East Asia region. It was known among farmers that conditions, such as temperature and climate on the day of harvest, affect the quality of edamame. Large-scale farmers harvest edamame on multiple days in the same year; however, the quality of edamame varies from day to day due to variations in climate conditions. In this study, we harvested edamame over several days between 2013 and 2018, obtained the climate conditions on the harvest date, and performed metabolome analysis using capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry. To clarify the correlation between climate conditions before the harvest date and edamame components, comparative analyses of the obtained meteorological and metabolomic data were conducted. We found positive and negative correlations between the sunshine duration and average temperature, and the amounts of some edamame components. Furthermore, correlations were observed between the annual fluctuations in climate conditions and edamame components. Our findings suggest that the climate conditions before the date of harvesting are closely related to edamame quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Oikawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawaoiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (H.M.)
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan;
| | - Katsutaka Takeuchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (H.M.)
| | - Kei Morita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (H.M.)
| | - Yamato Horibe
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (H.M.)
| | - Ryosuke Sasaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan;
| | - Hideki Murayama
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Wakaba-machi 1-23, Tsuruoka 997-8555, Japan (H.M.)
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Rama H, Ndaba B, Maaza M, Dhlamini MS, Cochrane N, Roopnarain A. Effect of extraction methods on phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activity of de-kernelled Sclerocarya birrea seeds. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:7757-7763. [PMID: 37463294 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) is an indigenous African fruit-bearing tree with many commercial uses; however, de-kernelled seeds generated from marula fruit-processing are wasted. The phytochemical constituents of de-kernelled marula seeds have not been investigated previously and its extract/tea may potentially serve as a promising source of antioxidants and phytochemicals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different extraction methods (maceration and decoction) on the recovery of phenolic compounds, sugars, organic acids, and antioxidants from de-kernelled marula seeds. RESULTS Extracts produced from decoction for 30 min contained the highest phenolic content (2253.93 ± 25.72 mg gallic acid equivalent kg-1 extract), flavonoid content (1020.99 ± 23.90 mg rutin equivalent kg-1 extract), as well as combined sugars and organic acids (1884.03 mg kg-1 extract). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups typically present in phenolic compounds, sugars, and organic acids in the extracts obtained from decoction. CONCLUSION The characterization revealed that decoction extraction increased solubility, variety, and yield of phytochemical and antioxidant compounds recovered from de-kernelled marula seeds. The highest concentrations of phytochemicals were obtained using the decoction method. This study may therefore pave the way for extract composition and future utilization of de-kernelled marula seeds in the food industry. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haripriya Rama
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council - Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Physics, School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa-Florida Campus, Florida, South Africa
| | - Busiswa Ndaba
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council - Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Malik Maaza
- Nanosciences African Network (NANOAFNET), iThemba LABS-National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
- UNESCO-UNISAiTLABS/NRF Africa Chair in Nanosciences-Nanotechnology, College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mokhotjwa Simon Dhlamini
- Department of Physics, School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa-Florida Campus, Florida, South Africa
| | | | - Ashira Roopnarain
- Microbiology and Environmental Biotechnology Research Group, Agricultural Research Council - Natural Resources and Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
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Simkova K, Veberic R, Hudina M, Grohar MC, Ivancic T, Smrke T, Pelacci M, Jakopic J. Variability in 'Capri' Everbearing Strawberry Quality during a Harvest Season. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061349. [PMID: 36981274 PMCID: PMC10048161 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Strawberries are appreciated by consumers for their characteristic taste and health benefits, which enhance their demand throughout the year. Everbearing strawberries can produce fruits for a longer period and could thus meet this demand, but the fruit quality depends on environmental factors and the cultivar. This study focused on the effect of environmental conditions on the physical attributes and the composition of everbearing Capri cultivar fruit harvested from the end of June to the end of October. A positive correlation was observed between temperature and organic acid content (r = 0.87), and a positive correlation was observed between sunshine duration, anthocyanin (r = 0.87) and phenolic compound contents (r = 0.89). Additionally, the composition of sugars was affected by the environmental conditions. While strawberries harvested towards the end of October, when lower temperatures predominated, were larger in size and had a higher sugar/acid ratio, fruit harvested in the middle of August, when there were longer periods of sunshine, had higher anthocyanin and phenolic compound contents. In conclusion, strawberries with higher sugar/acid ratios are obtained when temperatures are lower, while strawberries exposed to longer periods of sunshine are richer in health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Simkova
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Veberic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Hudina
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mariana Cecilia Grohar
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tea Ivancic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Smrke
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Massimiliano Pelacci
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Jakopic
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Identification of Phytochemicals in Bioactive Extracts of Acacia saligna Growing in Australia. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031028. [PMID: 36770694 PMCID: PMC9919957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Acacia saligna growing in Australia has not been fully investigated for its bioactive phytochemicals. Sequential polarity-based extraction was employed to provide four different extracts from individual parts of A. saligna. Bioactive extracts were determined using in vitro antioxidant and yeast α-glucosidase inhibitory assays. Methanolic extracts from barks, leaves, and flowers are the most active and have no toxicity against 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Compound isolation of bioactive extracts provided us with ten compounds. Among them are two novel natural products; naringenin-7-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside 2 and (3S*,5S*)-3-hydroxy-5-(2-aminoethyl) dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one 9. D-(+)-pinitol 5a (from barks and flowers), (-)-pinitol 5b (exclusively from leaf), and 2,4-di-t-butylphenol 7 are known natural products and new to A. saligna. (-)-Epicatechin 6, quercitrin 4, and myricitrin 8 showed potent antioxidant activities consistently in DPPH and ABTS assays. (-)-Epicatechin 6 (IC50 = 63.58 μM),D-(+)-pinitol 5a (IC50 = 74.69 μM), and naringenin 1 (IC50 = 89.71 μM) are the strong inhibitors against the α-glucosidase enzyme. The presence of these compounds supports the activities exerted in our methanolic extracts. The presence of 2,4-di-t-butylphenol 7 may support the reported allelopathic and antifungal activities. The outcome of this study indicates the potential of Australian A. saligna as a rich source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery targeting type 2 diabetes.
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Controlling of Mycobacterium by Natural Degradant-Combination Models for Sequestering Mycolic Acids in Karish Cheese. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248946. [PMID: 36558074 PMCID: PMC9787636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of the mycobacterial complex containing mycolic acids (MAs) by natural bioactive compounds is essential for producing safe and value-added foods with therapeutic activities. This study aimed to determine the degradation efficiency of natural organic acid extracts (i.e., citric, malic, tartaric, and lactic), quadri-mix extract from fruits and probiotics (i.e., lemon, apple, grape, and cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus acidophilus), and synthetic pure organic acids (i.e., citric, malic, tartaric, and lactic), against MA in vitro in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) and Karish cheese models. The degradation effect was evaluated both individually and in combinations at different concentrations of degradants (1, 1.5, and 2%) and at various time intervals (0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). The results show that MA degradation percentage recorded its highest value at 2% of mixed fruit extract quadri-mix with L. acidophilus and reached 99.2% after 48 h both in PBS and Karish cheese, unlike other treatments (i.e., citric + malic + tartaric + lactic), individual acids, and sole extracts at all concentrations. Conversely, organic acid quadri-mix revealed the greatest MA degradation% of 95.9, 96.8, and 97.3% at 1, 1.5, and 2%, respectively, after 48 h. Citric acid was more effective in MA degradation than other acids. The fruit extract quadri-mix combined with L. acidophilus-fortified Karish cheese showed the highest sensorial characteristics; hence, it can be considered a novel food-grade degradant for MA and could be a promising biocontrol candidate against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in food matrices.
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Pereira Barbosa J, dos Santos Lima M, Amaral Souza Tette P. Prebiotic potential of Puçá and Gabiroba fruit by-products from Cerrado Savannah. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2022.2124520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcos dos Santos Lima
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Sertão Pernambucano, Petrolina, Brazil
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Physicochemical Characteristics, Antioxidant Activities, and Aroma Compound Analysis of Seven Peach Cultivars (Prunus persica L. Batsch) in Shihezi, Xinjiang. Foods 2022; 11:foods11192944. [PMID: 36230020 PMCID: PMC9563965 DOI: 10.3390/foods11192944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peaches are tasty and juicy, with a unique flavor. The flavors of peaches always vary with cultivars. To investigate the physicochemical and aroma characteristics of peaches, the sugars, organic acids, total flavonoids, phenols, antioxidant activities, and aroma compounds of seven peach cultivars in Xinjiang were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME–GC–MS). The results showed that sucrose (59.83 to 87.34%), malic acid (32.41 to 59.14%), and chlorogenic acid (10.43 to 45.50%) were the dominant sugar, organic acid, and phenolic compound in peaches, respectively. The antioxidant activity varied between 147.81 and 394.55 μmol TEs/100 g. The analysis of the aroma structure of peaches found that the volatile composition of peaches was relatively consistent, though the concentration of total aroma and certain separate compounds were different between cultivars. Meanwhile, the aroma fingerprint of the peaches consisted of hexyl acetate, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, γ-decalactone, n-hexanal, 2-hexenal, nonanal, decanal benzaldehyde and 6-pentylpyran-2-one, providing a clear green, sweet, floral, and fruity odor. These results provide complete information on the physicochemical properties, functional ingredients and aroma of the peaches.
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Kroft B, Gu G, Bolten S, Micallef SA, Luo Y, Millner P, Nou X. Effects of temperature abuse on the growth and survival of Listeria monocytogenes on a wide variety of whole and fresh-cut fruits and vegetables during storage. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Li N, Wang J, Wang B, Huang S, Hu J, Yang T, Asmutola P, Lan H, Qinghui Y. Identification of the Carbohydrate and Organic Acid Metabolism Genes Responsible for Brix in Tomato Fruit by Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:714942. [PMID: 34539743 PMCID: PMC8446636 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.714942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sugar and organic acids not only contribute to the formation of soluble solids (Brix) but also are an essential factor affecting the overall flavor intensity. However, the possible metabolic targets and molecular synthesis mechanisms remain to be further clarified. Methods UHPLC-HRMS (ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry) combined with comparative transcriptome analysis were performed in fruits at green ripe (S1), turning-color (S2), and red ripe (S3) stages of two tomato genotypes TM-1 (Solanum galapagense L., LA0436) and TM-38 (S. lycopersicum L. cultivar M82, LA3475) that vary in fruit Brix. Results The fruit Brix of TM-1 was nearly twice that of TM-38 at S3. Nevertheless, TM-1 accumulated 1.84- and 2.77-fold the L-malic acid and citric acid in red ripe fruit (S3) compared with TM-38, respectively. D-glucose and D-fructose in TM-1 and TM-38 fruits tended to be similar at S3. Concomitantly, the sugar/organic acid ratio of TM-38 fruits were 23. 08-, 4. 38-, and 2.59-fold higher than that of TM-1 fruits at S1, S2, and S3, respectively. Among starch and sucrose (carbohydrate, CHO) metabolism (ko00500) genes, SUS (Solyc07g042550.3) and BAM (Solyc08g077530.3) were positively (r = 0.885–0.931) correlated with the sugar/organic acid ratio. Besides, INV (Solyc09g010080.3 and Solyc09g010090.5.1), AAM (Solyc04g082090.3), 4-α-GTase (Solyc02g020980.2.1), BGL2 (Solyc06g073750.4, Solyc06g073760.3, and Solyc01g081170.3), TPS (Solyc01g005210.2 and Solyc07g006500.3), and TPP (Solyc08g079060.4) were negatively (r = −0.823 to −0.918) correlated with the sugar/organic acid ratio. The organic acid (TCA cycle) metabolism (ko00020) gene ALMT (Solyc01g096140.3) was also negatively (r = −0.905) correlated with the sugar/organic acid ratio. Conclusion Citric acid may play a more dominant role in the sugar/organic acid ratio of the tomato fruit, and the contribution of both L-malic acid and citric acid to the fruit Brix was much greater than that of D-glucose and D-fructose. Genes involved in CHO and TCA metabolism, which have a significant correlation with the sugar/organic acid ratio were considered to be the contributing factors of fruit Brix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.,College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Baike Wang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Shaoyong Huang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China.,College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Patiguli Asmutola
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Haiyan Lan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yu Qinghui
- Institute of Horticulture Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
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Arrizabalaga-Arriazu M, Gomès E, Morales F, Irigoyen JJ, Pascual I, Hilbert G. Impact of 2100-Projected Air Temperature, Carbon Dioxide, and Water Scarcity on Grape Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Different Vitis vinifera cv. Tempranillo Clones. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6172-6185. [PMID: 34033469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) intra-varietal diversity can be an interesting approach for the adaptation of viticulture to climate change. We evaluated the response of four Tempranillo clones to simulated year-2100-expected air temperature, CO2, and relative humidity (RH) conditions: climate change (CC; 28 °C/18 °C, 700 μmol mol-1 CO2, and 35%/53% RH) vs current situation conditions (CS; 24 °C/14 °C, 400 μmol mol-1 CO2, and 45%/63% RH), under two irrigation regimes, "well-watered" (WW) vs "water deficit" (WD). The treatments were applied to fruit-bearing cuttings grown under research-oriented greenhouse controlled conditions. CC increased sugar accumulation and hastened grape phenology, an effect that was mitigated by water deficit. Both CC and water deficit modified amino acid concentrations and accumulation profiles with different intensities, depending on the clone. Combined CC and water deficit decreased anthocyanins and the anthocyanin to total soluble solids (TSS) ratio. The results suggest differences in the response of the clones to the 2100-projected conditions, which are not always solely explained by differences observed in the ripening dynamics. Among the clones studied, RJ43 and CL306 were the most affected by CC/WD conditions; meanwhile, 1084 was globally less affected than the other clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Arrizabalaga-Arriazu
- Faculty of Sciences, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, and ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Eric Gomès
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Fermín Morales
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Juan José Irigoyen
- Faculty of Sciences, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, and ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pascual
- Faculty of Sciences, Plant Stress Physiology Group, Associated Unit to CSIC (EEAD, Zaragoza, and ICVV, Logroño), Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea, 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ghislaine Hilbert
- EGFV, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, INRAE, ISVV, F-33882 Villenave d'Ornon, France
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Antibacterial Potency of Medicinal Plants including Artemisia annua and Oxalis corniculata against Multi-Drug Resistance E. coil. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9981915. [PMID: 34124267 PMCID: PMC8189797 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9981915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of two medicinal plants including Oxalis corniculata (EtOc, AqOc) and Artemisia annua (EtAa, AqAa) as well as A. annua essential oil (EoAa) was investigated on multi-drug resistance (MDR) E. coli. Microdilution and agar well diffusion methods were used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) as well as the inhibition zone. The phytconstituents of these products were analyzed using Reverse-phase High- performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-mass). The order of bacteriostatic and bacteriocide rate of the products can be shown as follows: EoAa>AqOc>EtAa = AqAa>EtOc, but the bactericidal effect of A. annua extracts is higher than of O. corniculata based on the MIC/MBC ratio and the order is as follows: EoAa>EtAa = AqAa>EtOc>AqOc. The most potent product, i.e. EoAa with a 56.7% inhibition of all isolates, has the potential to substitute 13 used antibiotics including oxacillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefixime (P <0.05). Different terpenoids were detected and measured in EoAa and catechin flavonoids in extracts of both plants, quercetin in extracts of O. corniculata but it was only possible to detect chlorogenic acid polyphenol in AqAa. Due to the antibacterial activities of the studied products, more effective than some antibiotics and their edible consumption, these products can be suggested as an alternative to some antibiotics and food preservatives to fight against MDR E. coli.
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Wang CY, Tang L, Li L, Zhou Q, Li YJ, Li J, Wang YZ. Geographic Authentication of Eucommia ulmoides Leaves Using Multivariate Analysis and Preliminary Study on the Compositional Response to Environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32140161 PMCID: PMC7042207 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To explore the influences of different cultivated areas on the chemical profiles of Eucommia ulmoides leaves (EUL) and rapidly authenticate its geographical origins, 187 samples from 13 provinces in China were systematically investigated using three data fusion strategies (low, mid, and high level) combined with two discrimination model algorithms (partial least squares discrimination analysis; random forest, RF). RF models constructed by high-level data fusion with different modes of different spectral data (Fourier transform near-infrared spectrum and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform mid-infrared spectrum) were most suitable for identifying EULs from different geographical origins. The accuracy rates of calibration and validation set were 92.86% and 93.44%, respectively. In addition, climate parameters were systematically investigated the cluster difference in our study. Some interesting and novel information could be found from the clustering tree diagram of hierarchical cluster analysis. The Xinjiang Autonomous Region (Region 5) located in the high latitude area was the only region in the middle temperate zone of all sample collection areas in which the samples belonged to an individual class no matter their distance in the tree diagram. The samples were from a relatively high elevation in the Shennongjia Forest District in Hubei Province (>1200 m), which is the main difference from the samples from Xiangyang City (78 m). Thus, the sample clusters from region 9 are different from the sample clusters from other regions. The results would provide a reference for further research to those samples from the special cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yong Wang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Li Tang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of A & F Science and Technology, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde, China
| | - Li Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - You-Ji Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou, China
| | - Jing Li
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- College of Biological Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; Yuan-Zhong Wang,
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- National & Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia Ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, China
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Li, ; Yuan-Zhong Wang,
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14
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Adamczak A, Ożarowski M, Karpiński TM. Antibacterial Activity of Some Flavonoids and Organic Acids Widely Distributed in Plants. J Clin Med 2019; 9:E109. [PMID: 31906141 PMCID: PMC7019947 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Among natural substances widespread in fruits, vegetables, spices, and medicinal plants, flavonoids and organic acids belong to the promising groups of bioactive compounds with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of 13 common flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanones) and 6 organic acids (aliphatic and aromatic acids). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of selected plant substances were determined by the micro-dilution method using clinical strains of four species of pathogenic bacteria. All tested compounds showed antimicrobial properties, but their biological activity was moderate or relatively low. Bacterial growth was most strongly inhibited by salicylic acid (MIC = 250-500 μg/mL). These compounds were generally more active against Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Gram-positive ones: Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. An analysis of the antibacterial effect of flavone, chrysin, apigenin, and luteolin showed that the presence of hydroxyl groups in the phenyl rings A and B usually did not influence on the level of their activity. A significant increase in the activity of the hydroxy derivatives of flavone was observed only for S. aureus. Similarly, the presence and position of the sugar group in the flavone glycosides generally had no effect on the MIC values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Adamczak
- Department of Botany, Breeding and Agricultural Technology of Medicinal Plants, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Kolejowa 2, 62-064 Plewiska, Poland;
| | - Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
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15
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Allwood JW, Woznicki TL, Xu Y, Foito A, Aaby K, Sungurtas J, Freitag S, Goodacre R, Stewart D, Remberg SF, Heide OM, Sønsteby A. Application of HPLC-PDA-MS metabolite profiling to investigate the effect of growth temperature and day length on blackcurrant fruit. Metabolomics 2019; 15:12. [PMID: 30830439 PMCID: PMC6326004 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.) is an excellent example of a "super fruit" with potential health benefits. Both genotype and cultivation environment are known to affect the chemical composition of blackcurrant, especially ascorbic acid and various phenolic compounds. Environmental conditions, like temperature, solar radiation and precipitation can also have significant impact on fruit chemical composition. The relevance of the study is further accentuated by the predicted and ongoing changes in global climate. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to provide new knowledge and a deeper understanding of the effects of post flowering environmental conditions, namely temperature and day length, on fruit quality and chemical composition of blackcurrant using an untargeted high performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array-mass spectrometry (HPLC-PDA-MS) metabolomics approach. METHODS A phytotron experiment with cultivation of single-stemmed potted plants of blackcurrant cv. Narve Viking was conducted using constant temperatures of 12, 18 or 24 °C and three different photoperiods (short day, short day with night interruption, and natural summer daylight conditions). Plants were also grown under ambient outdoor conditions. Ripe berries were analysed using an untargeted HPLC-PDA-MS metabolomics approach to detect the presence and concentration of molecules as affected by controlled climatic factors. RESULTS The untargeted metabolomics dataset contained a total of 7274 deconvolved retention time-m/z pairs across both electrospray ionisation (ESI) positive and negative polarities, from which 549 metabolites were identified or minimally annotated based upon accurate mass MS. Conventional principal component analysis (PCA) in combination with the Friedman significance test were applied to first identify which metabolites responded to temperature in a linear fashion. Multi-block hierarchical PCA in combination with the Friedman significance test was secondly applied to identify metabolites that were responsive to different day length conditions. Temperature had significant effect on a total of 365 metabolites representing a diverse range of chemical classes. It was observed that ripening of the blackcurrant berries under ambient conditions, compared to controlled conditions, resulted in an increased accumulation of 34 annotated metabolites, mainly anthocyanins and flavonoids. 18 metabolites were found to be regulated differentially under the different daylength conditions. Moreover, based upon the most abundant anthocyanins, a comparison between targeted and untargeted analyses, revealed a close convergence of the two analytical methods. Therefore, the study not just illustrates the value of non-targeted metabolomics approaches with respect to the huge diversity and numbers of significantly changed metabolites detected (and which would be missed by conventional targeted analyses), but also shows the validity of the non-targeted approach with respect to its precision compared to targeted analyses. CONCLUSIONS Blackcurrant maturation under controlled ambient conditions revealed a number of insightful relationships between environment and chemical composition of the fruit. A prominent reduction of the most abundant anthocyanins under the highest temperature treatments indicated that blackcurrant berries in general may accumulate lower total anthocyanins in years with extreme hot summer conditions. HPLC-PDA-MS metabolomics is an excellent method for broad analysis of chemical composition of berries rich in phenolic compounds. Moreover, the experiment in controlled phytotron conditions provided additional knowledge concerning plant interactions with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J William Allwood
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK.
| | - Tomasz L Woznicki
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Pb 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Yun Xu
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Alexandre Foito
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Kjersti Aaby
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Julie Sungurtas
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Sabine Freitag
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Royston Goodacre
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute for Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Derek Stewart
- Environmental and Biochemical Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, DD2 5DA, UK
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Siv F Remberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Ola M Heide
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Anita Sønsteby
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Pb 115, 1431, Ås, Norway
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