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Wang L, Xu Y, Zhao X, Zhu X, He X, Sun A, Zhuang G. Antagonistic effects of N-acetylcysteine on lead-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in chicken embryo fibroblast cells. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21847. [PMID: 38034812 PMCID: PMC10682149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that can have harmful effects on the environment, which has severe cytotoxicity in many animal tissues. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has antioxidant activity, reducing lead-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis, but its role in chicken cells is unknown. The current study explored the antagonistic effect of NAC on lead-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress in chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF). In this study, CEF was used as a model to measure the cytotoxic effects of lead nitrate at different concentrations, demonstrating a dose-dependent effect on CEF activity. Employing inverted microscopy, the investigation of morphological alterations in CEF cells was conducted. Fluorescence staining methodology enabled the assessment of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within CEF cells. Moreover, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to detect the presence of oxidative damage indicators encompassing superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) within CEF cells. Furthermore, the determination of the apoptosis rate of CEF cells was accomplished through the utilization of the Hoechst 33258 staining method in combination with the Annexin V-FITC dual staining method. By using RT-qPCR for detection, lead treatment increased expression of pro-apoptotic genes, caspase-3, and caspase-9, and reduced expression of anti-apoptotic genes, Bcl-2, and BI-1. Reduced antioxidant capacity was shown by increased ROS and MDA levels in CEF cells after lead treatment. The results showed that NAC inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 in lead-treated CEF cells, while NAC had a certain inhibitory effect on the relative expression of Bcl-2 and BI-1 mRNA in lead-induced CEF cells. NAC significantly reduced lead-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis. Overall, our results demonstrate a novel protective effect of NAC against lead-induced injury in chicken cells, providing a theoretical basis for future investigations of drugs that are effective in preventing lead poisoning in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijie Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuyuan He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Zhuang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, People's Republic of China
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Exploration of the Protective Mechanism of Bax Removal against Ischemia Reperfusion Injury of Skin Flap through the p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1175078. [PMID: 36299606 PMCID: PMC9592197 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1175078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This research is aimed at exploring the influences of the Bax gene in the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and its protective mechanism against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) of skin flap. Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were equally divided into the experimental group (Bax gene knockout rats) and control group. The dorsal flap model was prepared, and the survival rate of flap was observed after surgery. The rat flap tissue was cut and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The distribution characteristics of p38MAPK and Bax were detected to evaluate the protective mechanism of Bax gene knockout on IRI of skin flap. After surgery, the survival rate of flaps in the experimental group (82.32%, 70.28%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (57.64%, 46.14%) (P < 0.05). The results of HE staining showed that on the 1st day after surgery, compared with those in the control group, the skin flaps of the rats in the experimental group were arranged more neatly. The results of TUNEL staining showed that compared with that of the control group, the tissue structure of the skin flap of the experimental group was normal and only a few apoptotic cells appeared. In addition, compared with that in the control group (7.14, 4.25, 3.48, 2.18/6.46, 7.12, 4.86, and 2.44), the expression of Bax and p38 MAPK in the experimental group (0.96, 0.81, 0.76, 0.55/1.63, 1.33, 1.01, and 0.56) significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In short, after the Bax gene was knocked out, injury of the flap after ischemia-reperfusion was considerably improved, which may play a protective role on the IRI of the flap by affecting the p38MAPK pathway.
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In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities and in silico anticancer property of methanolic leaf extract of Leucas indica. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Gupta S, Kumar A, Tejavath KK. A pharmacognostic approach for mitigating pancreatic cancer: emphasis on herbal extracts and phytoconstituents. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer is studied as one of the most lethal cancers with currently no control of its lethality, mainly due to its late diagnosis and lack of foolproof treatment processes. Despite continuous efforts being made in looking for therapies to deal with cancer, it keeps on being a labyrinth for the researchers. Efforts like discovering new treatment options, repurposing existing drugs, are continuously made to deal with this cancer.
Main body
With the urge to get answers and the fact that nature has all roots of therapeutics, efforts are made in the direction of finding those answers for providing ministrations for pancreatic cancer from plant products. Plant products are used as treatment options either directly in the form of extracts or an alternative to them is individual phytochemicals that are either isolated from the plants or are commercially synthesized for various purposes. In this review, we put forward such pharmacognostic initiatives made in combating pancreatic cancer, focusing mainly on plant extracts and various phytochemicals; along with the mechanisms which they triggered to fulfill the need for cytotoxicity to pancreatic cancer cells (in vitro and in vivo).
Conclusion
This study will thus provide insights into new combination therapy that can be used and also give a clue on which plant product and phytoconstituent can be used in dealing with pancreatic cancer.
Graphical abstract
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Hasan MM, Tasmin MS, El-Shehawi AM, Elseehy MM, Reza MA, Haque A. R. vesicarius L. exerts nephroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced oxidative stress. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:225. [PMID: 34481509 PMCID: PMC8417970 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cisplatin is an outstanding anticancer drug, but its use has been decreased remarkably due to sever nephrotoxicity. R. vesicarius L. is a leafy vegetable that is evident with anti-angeogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective potential. Therefore, this study was designed to inspect its methanol extract (RVE) for possible nephroprotective effect. METHODS Primarily, in vitro antioxidant activity of RVE was confirmed based on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging aptitude. Thereafter, Swiss Albino male mice were treated with cisplatin (2.5 mg/kg) for 5 successive days to induce nephrotoxicity. Recovery from nephrotoxicity was scrutinized by treating the animals with RVE (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) for the next 5 consecutive days. After completion of treatment, mice were sacrificed and kidneys were collected. Part of it was homogenized in sodium phosphate buffer for evaluating malondialdehyde (MDA) level, another part was used to evaluate gene (NQO1, p53, and Bcl-2) expression. Moreover, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) neutralizing capacity of RVE was evaluated in HK-2 cells in vitro. Finally, bioactive phytochemicals in RVE were determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). RESULTS RVE showed in vitro antioxidant activity in a dose-dependent fashion with 37.39 ± 1.89 μg/mL IC50 value. Treatment with RVE remarkably (p < 0.05) decreased MDA content in kidney tissue. Besides, the expression of NQO, p53, and Bcl-2 genes was significantly (p < 0.05) mitigated in a dose-dependent manner due to the administration of RVE. RVE significantly (p < 0.05) reversed the H2O2 level in HK-2 cells to almost normal. From GC-MS, ten compounds including three known antioxidants "4H-Pyran-4-one, 2, 3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-", "Hexadecanoic acid", and "Squalene" were detected. The extract was rich with an alkaloid "13-Docosenamide". CONCLUSION Overall, RVE possesses a protective effect against cisplatin-induced kidney damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Most Sayla Tasmin
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ahmed M El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona M Elseehy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21545, Egypt
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Ariful Haque
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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Islam MS, Rahi MS, Jahangir CA, Jerin I, Hasan MM, Hoque KMF, Reza MA. Deciphering the molecular pathways of apoptosis using purified fractions from leaf extract of Basella alba through studying the regulation of apoptosis related genes. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:85-96. [PMID: 33454909 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the exclusion of abnormal cells without any ruin of surrounding healthy cells. Generally, it occurs through an orderly and autonomously process which is controlled by proper function of various genes. Therefore, the current experiments detect the expression level/pattern of those genes to confirm the involvement of extrinsic and intrinsic pathway using Basella alba leaf (BAL). Several fractions after gel filtration chromatography of BAL extract have been pooled to evaluates its apoptosis induction potentiality on Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) cells through conducting a number of bio-assays such as cell growth inhibition assay, fluorescence and optical microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay and gene expression analysis etc. The pooled fractions of BAL showed 12-56% inhibitory effect on EAC cell line at the concentration range of 25-400 μg/ml that was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. They also exhibited excellent cell growth inhibition at in vivo and in vitro condition when treated with 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg day. After administration of six consequent days, significant morphological features of apoptosis were observed in EAC cells under both fluorescence and optical microscope which was further supported by DNA fragmentation assay. The polymerase chain reaction amplification of bax, bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), p53, tumor necrosis factor-α, Fas, NF-kβ (Nuclear factor-Kappa-B), PARP-1 (Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), Cyt-c cas-8, cas-9 and cas-3 revealed that the experimental sample able to induce apoptosis in both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways through altering the gene expression. The current findings suggest that sample from BAL occupy wonderful competence to induce cell apoptosis and become an ideal resource for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shihabul Islam
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sifat Rahi
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh
| | - Chowdhury Arif Jahangir
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Israt Jerin
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Md Faisal Hoque
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Reza
- Molecular Biology and Protein Science Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh.
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