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Li X, Wang X, Liang F, Wang Z, Liu W, Ge Y, Yang S, Liu Y, Li Y, Cheng X, Li W. Biological characteristics of Cordyceps militaris single mating-type strains. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:225. [PMID: 38642078 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03952-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris has been extensively cultivated as a model cordyceps species for commercial purposes. Nevertheless, the problems related to strain degeneration and breeding technologies remain unresolved. This study assessed the physiology and fertility traits of six C. militaris strains with distinct origins and characteristics, focusing on single mating-type strains. The results demonstrated that the three identified strains (CMDB01, CMSY01, and CMJB02) were single mating-type possessing only one mating-type gene (MAT1-1). In contrast, the other three strains (CMXF07, CMXF09, and CMMS05) were the dual mating type. The MAT1-1 strains sourced from CMDB01, CMSY01, and CMJB02 consistently produced sporocarps but failed to generate ascospores. However, when paired with MAT1-2 strains, the MAT1-1 strains with slender fruiting bodies and normal morphology were fertile. The hyphal growth rate of single mating-type strains (CMDB01, CMSY01, and CMJB02) typically surpassed that of dual mating-type strains (CMXF07, CMXF09, and CMMS05). The growth rates of MAT1-2 and MAT1-1 strains were proportional to their ratios, such that a single mating-type strain with a higher ratio exhibited an increased growth rate. As C. militaris matured, the adenosine content decreased. In summary, the C. militaris strains that consistently produce sporocarps and have a single mating type are highly promising for production and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu'E Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Fruiting bodies Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264013, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Fruiting bodies Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264013, China
| | - Fengji Liang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Fruiting bodies Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264013, China
| | - Zhaoxin Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Fruiting bodies Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264013, China
| | - Wenshuo Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Fruiting bodies Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264013, China
| | - Yupeng Ge
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Fruiting bodies Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264013, China
| | - Shude Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Fruiting bodies Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264013, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Fruiting bodies Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264013, China
| | - Yin Li
- Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai, 264013, China
| | - Xianhao Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Fruiting bodies Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264013, China.
- Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, Yantai, 264013, China.
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, No.186, Hongqi Mid-Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China.
| | - Weihuan Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Edible Fruiting bodies Technology, School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264013, China.
- Yantai Edible and Medicinal Mushroom Technology Innovation Center, Yantai, 264013, China.
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, No.186, Hongqi Mid-Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, Shandong Province, 264025, China.
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An L, Yuan Y, Chen H, Li M, Ma J, Zhou J, Zheng L, Ma H, Chen Z, Hao C, Wu X. Comprehensive widely targeted metabolomics to decipher the molecular mechanisms of Dioscorea opposita thunb. cv. Tiegun quality formation during harvest. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101159. [PMID: 38328697 PMCID: PMC10847880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea opposita Thumb. cv. Tiegun is commonly consumed as both food and traditional Chinese medicine, which has a history of more than two thousand years. Harvest time directly affects its quality, but few studies have focused on metabolic changes during the harvesting process. Here, a comprehensive metabolomics approach was performed to determine the metabolic profiles during six harvest stages. Thirty eight metabolites with significant differences were determined as crucial participants. Related metabolic pathways including phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis and tryptophan metabolism were the most active pathways during harvest. The results revealed that temperature has a significant impact on quality formation, which suggested that Dioscorea opposita thumb. cv. Tiegun harvested after frost had higher potential value of traditional Chinese medicine. This finding not only offered valuable guidance for yam production, but also provided essential information for assessing its quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li An
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongliang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - He Chen
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lufei Zheng
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-products of CAAS, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zenglong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chenyu Hao
- School of Public Health, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xujin Wu
- Institute of Quality and Safety for Agro-products, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Grain Quality and Safety and Testing Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Wang Y, Tong L, Yang L, Ren B, Guo D. Metabolite profiling and antioxidant capacity of natural Ophiocordyceps gracilis and its cultures using LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics: Comparison with Ophiocordyceps sinensis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:308-320. [PMID: 37779226 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ophiocordyceps gracilis is an entomopathogenic fungus and a precious traditional Chinese medicine with similar medicinal properties to Ophiocordyceps sinensis. However, information on the metabolite profiles of natural O. gracilis and its cultures is lacking, which limits their utilization. OBJECTIVE The metabolic variations and antioxidant activities of O. gracilis cultures and natural O. gracilis were analyzed to evaluate the nutritional and medicinal value of O. gracilis and its cultures. METHOD The metabolite profiles of O. gracilis cultures (fruiting bodies and aerial mycelia), natural O. gracilis, and natural O. sinensis were compared by LC-MS/MS coupled with multivariate data analysis. Furthermore, their antioxidant activities were evaluated based on their DPPH• , ABTS•+ , and • OH scavenging abilities. RESULTS A total of 612 metabolites were identified, and the metabolic compositions of the four Cordyceps samples were similar, with differences observed in the levels of some metabolites. There were 126 differential metabolites between natural O. gracilis and natural O. sinensis, among which fatty acids, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites are predominant in natural O. gracilis. Furthermore, 116 differential metabolites between O. gracilis cultures and natural Cordyceps were identified, with generally higher levels in O. gracilis cultures than in natural Cordyceps. O. gracilis cultivated fruiting bodies exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity among Cordyceps samples. Additionally, 46 primary and 24 secondary differential metabolites contribute to antioxidant activities. CONCLUSION This study provides a reference for the application of natural O. gracilis and its cultures in functional food and medicine from the perspective of metabolites and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Tong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linhui Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Zhou J, Wang M, Sun T, Zhou X, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang R, Luo R, Yu H. Uncovering anti-influenza mechanism of Ophiocordyceps sinensis using network pharmacology, molecular pharmacology, and metabolomics. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e34843. [PMID: 37657041 PMCID: PMC10476752 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000034843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ophiocordyceps sinensis is a precious Chinese traditional herb with a long medicinal history. This study used UPLC-MS metabolomics to explore and compare the metabolic profiles of the stroma (OSBSz), sclerotium (OSBSh), and mycelium (OSBS) of O sinensis to analyze their differential metabolites and identified potential active components. Then combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the mechanism of differential metabolites with anti-influenza properties. The results indicate that the stroma, sclerotium, and mycelium showed significant differences in metabolites. The key pathways for differential metabolites were butanoate metabolism, thiamin metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, citrate cycle, and arginine biosynthesis. Protein-protein interaction analysis identified potential targets, including SRC, RHOA, HSP90AA1, VEGFA, ITGB1, PRKCA, and ITGA1, and the key protective pathways in-volved PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, influenza A, and Coronavirus disease 2019. The molecular docking results showed that the core metabolite D-(-)-glutamine has high binding affinity with SRC, RHOA, and EGFR, re-flecting the multi-component and multi-target network system of O sinensis. In short, the combination of metabonomics, network pharmacology and macromolecular docking technology provides a new way to explore the anti-influenza research of O sinensis. This is undoubtedly an important theoretical support for the clinical application of O sinensis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Zhou
- College of Ecology and Environment Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Mu Wang
- Plant Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Ecology and Environment Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sanming First Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Sanming, China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Yao Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Ecology and Environment Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Run Luo
- College of Ecology and Environment Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Yu
- College of Ecology and Environment Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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Ding B, Tao Y, Xie J, Zeng G, Huang H. Traceability Evaluation of Wild and Cultivated Cordyceps sinensis by Elemental Analysis and GasBench II Coupled to Stable Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02433-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Li G, Jian T, Liu X, Lv Q, Zhang G, Ling J. Application of Metabolomics in Fungal Research. Molecules 2022; 27:7365. [PMID: 36364192 PMCID: PMC9654507 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics is an essential method to study the dynamic changes of metabolic networks and products using modern analytical techniques, as well as reveal the life phenomena and their inherent laws. Currently, more and more attention has been paid to the development of metabolic histochemistry in the fungus field. This paper reviews the application of metabolomics in fungal research from five aspects: identification, response to stress, metabolite discovery, metabolism engineering, and fungal interactions with plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Tongtong Jian
- Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Qingtao Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Jianya Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Zhou J, Hou D, Zou W, Wang J, Luo R, Wang M, Yu H. Comparison of Widely Targeted Metabolomics and Untargeted Metabolomics of Wild Ophiocordyceps Sinensis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113645. [PMID: 35684580 PMCID: PMC9181990 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors of this paper conducted a comparative metabolomic analysis of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (OS), providing the metabolic profiles of the stroma (OSBSz) and sclerotia (OSBSh) of OS by widely targeted metabolomics and untargeted metabolomics. The results showed that 778 and 1449 metabolites were identified by the widely targeted metabolomics and untargeted metabolomics approaches, respectively. The metabolites in OSBSz and OSBSh are significantly differentiated; 71 and 96 differentially expressed metabolites were identified by the widely targeted metabolomics and untargeted metabolomics approaches, respectively. This suggests that these 71 metabolites (riboflavine, tripdiolide, bromocriptine, lumichrome, tetrahymanol, citrostadienol, etc.) and 96 metabolites (sancycline, vignatic acid B, pirbuterol, rubrophen, epalrestat, etc.) are potential biomarkers. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde, arginine, and lumichrome were common differentially expressed metabolites. Using the widely targeted metabolomics approach, the key pathways identified that are involved in creating the differentiation between OSBSz and OSBSh may be nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, thiamine metabolism, riboflavin metabolism, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis. The differentially expressed metabolites identified using the untargeted metabolomics approach were mainly involved in arginine biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. The purpose of this research was to provide support for the assessment of the differences between the stroma and sclerotia, to furnish a material basis for the evaluation of the physical effects of OS, and to provide a reference for the selection of detection methods for the metabolomics of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinna Zhou
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850001, China; (J.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Donghai Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650106, China; (D.H.); (W.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Weiqiu Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650106, China; (D.H.); (W.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Jinhu Wang
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa 850001, China; (J.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Run Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650106, China; (D.H.); (W.Z.); (R.L.)
| | - Mu Wang
- Plant Science College, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 851418, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650106, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (H.Y.)
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Enhanced production of cordycepic acid from Cordyceps cicadae isolated from a wild environment. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:673-688. [PMID: 35122655 PMCID: PMC9151976 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps acid is an active component of Cordyceps cicadae and has a variety of medicinal uses, including anti-tumor effects, the prevention of cerebral hemorrhaging and myocardial infarction, and the inhibition of a wide range of bacteria. The objectives of this study were to identify C. cicadae fungi and optimize the culture conditions to obtain a high yield of cordycepic acid. First, a wild C. cicadae was identified by morphological observation and rDNA sequence analysis. Secondly, the optimal fermentation conditions were determined using a single-factor method, a Plackett-Burman design, and a Box-Behnken response surface. Finally, using the yield of fruit bodies and the content of cordyceps acid as indices, combined with a single-factor experiment and a response surface design, the best combination of conditions for cultivation was determined. The results showed that the best combination was as follows: sucrose 2%, tryptone 2%, KH2PO4 0.4%, MgSO4·7H2O 0.4%, an initial pH of the fermentation liquid of 7.0, 5% inoculum, fermentation for 4.5 d, a ratio of medium to liquid of 1:1.7, illumination intensity 150 Lux, illumination time 15 h per day, and 70% humidity. The content of cordycepic acid in the fruiting bodies developed in cultivation was 2.07-fold higher than that in the wild C. cicadae. This study provides a theoretical basis for the large-scale cultivation of C. cicadae with a high concentration of cordycepic acid.
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Comparative Analysis of Flavonoid Metabolites in Foxtail Millet ( Setaria italica) with Different Eating Quality. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11060578. [PMID: 34207187 PMCID: PMC8235519 DOI: 10.3390/life11060578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is an important minor cereal crop in China. The yellow color of the de-husked grain is the most direct aspect for evaluating the foxtail millet quality. The yellow pigment mainly includes carotenoids (lutein and zeaxanthin) and flavonoids. To reveal the diversity and specificity of flavonoids in foxtail millet, we chose three high eating quality and two poor eating quality varieties as research materials. A total of 116 flavonoid metabolites were identified based on Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) system. The tested varieties contained similar levels of flavonoid metabolites, but with each variety accumulating its unique flavonoid metabolites. A total of 33 flavonoid metabolites were identified as significantly discrepant between high eating quality and poor eating quality varieties, which were mainly in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway and one of its branches, the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathway. These results showed the diversified components of flavonoids accumulated in foxtail millets and laid the foundation for further research on flavonoids and the breeding for high-quality foxtail millet varieties.
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