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Guo J, Zhao N, Zhao Y, Jin H, Sun G, Yu J, Zhang H, Shao J, Yu M, Yang D, Liang Z. The Extraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents and Evaluation of Tea Saponin. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:438. [PMID: 38927318 PMCID: PMC11201205 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Tea saponins have high surface-active and biological activities and are widely used in chemicals, food, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Tea saponins are usually extracted using ethanol or water, but both methods have their disadvantages, including a negative impact on the environment, high energy consumption, and low purity. In this study, we explored an effective process for extracting tea saponins from tea meal using deep eutectic solvents combined with ultrasonic extraction and enzymatic techniques. The experimental results showed that a high extraction efficiency of 20.93 ± 0.48% could be achieved in 20 min using an ultrasonic power of 40% and a binary DES consisting of betaine and ethylene glycol (with a molar ratio of 1:3) at a material-liquid ratio of 1:35 and that the purity of the tea saponins after purification by a large-pore adsorption resin reached 95.94%, which was higher than that of commercially available standard tea saponin samples. In addition, the extracted tea saponins were evaluated for their antioxidant and bacteriostatic activities using chemical and biological methods; the results showed that the tea saponins extracted using these methods possessed antioxidant properties and displayed significant antibacterial activity. Therefore, the present study developed a method for using deep eutectic solvents as an environmentally friendly technological solution for obtaining high-purity tea saponins from tea meal oil. This is expected to replace the current organic solvent and water extraction process and has great potential for industrial development and a number of possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Guo
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Nanshan Zhao
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hao Jin
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guozhi Sun
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haihua Zhang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianzhong Shao
- Engineering Research Center for Eco-Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Meilan Yu
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312030, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Shaoxing Academy of Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Shaoxing 312030, China
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Xu Q, Zhang J, Lu Y, Wu L. Association of metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease with polycystic ovary syndrome. iScience 2024; 27:108783. [PMID: 38292434 PMCID: PMC10825666 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has a prevalence of over 25% in adults, encompasses a wide spectrum of liver diseases. Metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the new term for NAFLD, is characterized by steatotic liver disease accompanied by cardiometabolic criteria, showing a strong correlation with metabolic diseases. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease affecting 4-21% of women of reproductive age. Numerous studies have indicated that NAFLD and PCOS often occur together. However, as MASLD is a new term, there is still a lack of reports describing the effects of MASLD on the development of PCOS. In this review article, we have summarized the complex and multifaceted connections between MASLD and PCOS. Understanding the pathogenesis and treatment methods could not only guide the clinical prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PCOS in patients with MASLD, but also increase the clinical attention of reproductive doctors to MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Xu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Metabolism and Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang K, Zhang J, Kan C, Tian H, Ma Y, Huang N, Han F, Hou N, Sun X. Role of dysfunctional peri-organ adipose tissue in metabolic disease. Biochimie 2023; 212:12-20. [PMID: 37019205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disease is a complex disorder defined by a group with interrelated factors. There is growing evidence that obesity can lead to a variety of metabolic diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Excessive adipose tissue (AT) deposition and ectopic accumulation can lead to increased peri-organ AT thickness. Dysregulation of peri-organ (perivascular, perirenal, and epicardial) AT is strongly associated with metabolic disease and its complications. The mechanisms include secretion of cytokines, activation of immunocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells, involvement of stromal cells, and abnormal miRNA expression. This review discusses the associations and mechanisms by which various types of peri-organ AT affect metabolic diseases while addressing it as a potential future treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Hongzhan Tian
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Na Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China; Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China.
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