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Harris BP, Webster SR, Wolf N, Gregg JL, Hershberger PK. Ichthyophonus in sport-caught groundfishes from southcentral Alaska. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 128:169-173. [PMID: 29733029 DOI: 10.3354/dao03218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This report of Ichthyophonus in common sport-caught fishes throughout the marine waters of southcentral Alaska represents the first documentation of natural Ichthyophonus infections in lingcod Ophiodon elongates and yelloweye rockfish Sebastes ruberrimus. In addition, the known geographic range of Ichthyophonus in black rockfish S. melanops has been expanded northward to include southcentral Alaska. Among all species surveyed, the infection prevalence was highest (35%, n = 334) in Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis. There were no gross indications of high-level infections or clinically diseased individuals. These results support the hypothesis that under typical conditions Ichthyophonus can occur at high infection prevalence accompanied with low-level infection among a variety of fishes throughout the eastern North Pacific Ocean, including southcentral Alaska.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P Harris
- Alaska Pacific University, Fisheries Aquatic Science and Technology (FAST) Laboratory, 4101 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
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Hershberger PK, Gregg JL, Dykstra CL. High-Prevalence and Low-Intensity Ichthyophonus Infections in Pacific Halibut. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2018; 30:13-19. [PMID: 29595882 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ichthyophonus occurred at high prevalence but low intensity in Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis throughout the West Coast of North America, ranging from coastal Oregon to the Bering Sea. Infection prevalence in adults was variable on spatial and temporal scales, with the lowest prevalence typically occurring on the edges of the geographic range and highest prevalence consistently occurring inside Prince William Sound, Alaska (58-77%). Additionally, intra-annual differences occurred at Albatross-Portlock, Alaska (71% versus 32% within 2012), and interannual differences occurred along coastal Oregon (50% in 2012 versus 12% in 2015). The infection prevalence was influenced by host age, increasing from 3% or less among the youngest cohorts (age ≤ 6) to 39-54% among age-9-17 cohorts, then decreasing to 27% among the oldest (age-18+) cohorts. There was little indication of significant disease impacts to Pacific Halibut, as the intensity of infection was uniformly low and length at age was similar between infected and uninfected cohorts. These results suggest that Ichthyophonus in Pacific Halibut currently represents a stable parasite-host paradigm in the North Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K Hershberger
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Marrowstone Marine Field Station, 616 Marrowstone Point Road, Nordland, Washington, 98358, USA
| | - Jacob L Gregg
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Marrowstone Marine Field Station, 616 Marrowstone Point Road, Nordland, Washington, 98358, USA
| | - Claude L Dykstra
- International Pacific Halibut Commission, 2320 West Commodore Way, Suite 300, Seattle, Washington, 98199, USA
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Arnott SA., Dyková I, Roumillat WA, de Buron I. Pathogenic endoparasites of the spotted seatrout, Cynoscion nebulosus: patterns of infection in estuaries of South Carolina, USA. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1729-1743. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Gregg JL, Powers RL, Purcell MK, Friedman CS, Hershberger PK. Ichthyophonus parasite phylogeny based on ITS rDNA structure prediction and alignment identifies six clades, with a single dominant marine type. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 120:125-141. [PMID: 27409236 DOI: 10.3354/dao03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite their widespread, global impact in both wild and cultured fishes, little is known of the diversity, transmission patterns, and phylogeography of parasites generally identified as Ichthyophonus. This study constructed a phylogeny based on the structural alignment of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences to compare Ichthyophonus isolates from fish hosts in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, and several rivers and aquaculture sites in North America, Europe, and Japan. Structure of the Ichthyophonus ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 transcript exhibited several homologies with other eukaryotes, and 6 distinct clades were identified within Ichthyophonus. A single clade contained a majority (71 of 98) of parasite isolations. This ubiquitous Ichthyophonus type occurred in 13 marine and anadromous hosts and was associated with epizootics in Atlantic herring, Chinook salmon, and American shad. A second clade contained all isolates from aquaculture, despite great geographic separation of the freshwater hosts. Each of the 4 remaining clades contained isolates from single host species. This study is the first to evaluate the genetic relationships among Ichthyophonus species across a significant portion of their host and geographic range. Additionally, parasite infection prevalence is reported in 16 fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob L Gregg
- Marrowstone Marine Field Station, US Geological Survey, 616 Marrowstone Point Road, Nordland, Washington 98358, USA
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Hershberger PK, Gregg JL, Hart LM, Moffitt S, Brenner R, Stick K, Coonradt E, Otis EO, Vollenweider JJ, Garver KA, Lovy J, Meyers TR. The parasite Ichthyophonus sp. in Pacific herring from the coastal NE Pacific. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2016; 39:395-410. [PMID: 25828232 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The protistan parasite Ichthyophonus occurred in populations of Pacific herring Clupea pallasii Valenciennes throughout coastal areas of the NE Pacific, ranging from Puget Sound, WA north to the Gulf of Alaska, AK. Infection prevalence in local Pacific herring stocks varied seasonally and annually, and a general pattern of increasing prevalence with host size and/or age persisted throughout the NE Pacific. An exception to this zoographic pattern occurred among a group of juvenile, age 1+ year Pacific herring from Cordova Harbor, AK in June 2010, which demonstrated an unusually high infection prevalence of 35%. Reasons for this anomaly were hypothesized to involve anthropogenic influences that resulted in locally elevated infection pressures. Interannual declines in infection prevalence from some populations (e.g. Lower Cook Inlet, AK; from 20-32% in 2007 to 0-3% during 2009-13) or from the largest size cohorts of other populations (e.g. Sitka Sound, AK; from 62.5% in 2007 to 19.6% in 2013) were likely a reflection of selective mortality among the infected cohorts. All available information for Ichthyophonus in the NE Pacific, including broad geographic range, low host specificity and presence in archived Pacific herring tissue samples dating to the 1980s, indicate a long-standing host-pathogen relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Hershberger
- U. S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center - Marrowstone Marine Field Station, Nordland, WA, USA
| | - J L Gregg
- U. S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center - Marrowstone Marine Field Station, Nordland, WA, USA
| | - L M Hart
- U. S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center - Marrowstone Marine Field Station, Nordland, WA, USA
| | - S Moffitt
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) - Commercial Fisheries, Cordova, AK, USA
| | - R Brenner
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) - Commercial Fisheries, Cordova, AK, USA
| | - K Stick
- Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Program, Region 4 LaConner District Office, La Conner, WA, USA
| | - E Coonradt
- ADF&G - Commercial Fisheries, Sitka, AK, USA
| | - E O Otis
- ADF&G - Commercial Fisheries, Homer, AK, USA
| | - J J Vollenweider
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Science Center - Auke Bay Laboratories, Juneau, AK, USA
| | - K A Garver
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada - Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | - J Lovy
- New Jersey Division of Fish & Wildlife, Office of Fish & Wildlife Health & Forensics, Oxford, NJ, USA
| | - T R Meyers
- ADF&G - Juneau Fish Pathology Laboratory, Juneau, AK, USA
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