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Garcia C, Charles M, Chollet B, Nadeau A, Serpin D, Quintric L, Pépin JF, Houssin M, Lupo C. Understanding the role of Francisella halioticida in mussel mortalities in France: an integrative approach. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2024; 158:81-99. [PMID: 38661140 DOI: 10.3354/dao03782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Since 2014, mass mortalities of mussels Mytilus spp. have occurred in production areas on the Atlantic coast of France. The aetiology of these outbreaks remained unknown until the bacterium Francisella halioticida was detected in some mussel mortality cases. This retrospective study was conducted to assess the association between F. halioticida and these mussel mortalities. Mussel batches (n = 45) from the Atlantic coast and English Channel were selected from archived individual samples (n = 863) collected either during or outside of mortality events between 2014 and 2017. All mussels were analysed by real-time PCR assays targeting F. halioticida; in addition, 185 were analysed using histological analysis and 178 by 16S rRNA metabarcoding. F. halioticida DNA was detected by real-time PCR and 16S rRNA metabarcoding in 282 and 34 mussels, respectively. Among these individuals, 82% (real-time PCR analysis) and 76% (16S rRNA metabarcoding analysis) were sampled during a mortality event. Histological analyses showed that moribund individuals had lesions mainly characterized by necrosis, haemocyte infiltration and granulomas. Risk factor analysis showed that mussel batches with more than 20% of PCR-positive individuals were more likely to have been sampled during a mortality event, and positive 16S rRNA metabarcoding batches increased the strength of the association with mortality by 11.6 times. The role of F. halioticida in mussel mortalities was determined by reviewing the available evidence. To this end, a causation criteria grid, tailored to marine diseases and molecular pathogen detection tools, allowed more evidence to be gathered on the causal role of this bacterium in mussel mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Garcia
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | | | - Bruno Chollet
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Aurélie Nadeau
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Delphine Serpin
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
| | - Laure Quintric
- Ifremer, IRSI, SEBIMER Service Bio-informatique d'Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Coralie Lupo
- Ifremer, ASIM Adaptation et Santé des Invertébrés Marins, F-17390 La Tremblade, France
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Li Y, Shi W, Zhang W. Vibrio splendidus AJ01 Promotes Pathogenicity via L-Glutamic Acid. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2333. [PMID: 37764177 PMCID: PMC10535082 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio splendidus is a pathogen that infects a wide range of hosts, especially the sea cucumber species Apostichopus japonicus. Previous studies showed that the level of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) significantly increased under heat stress, and it was found to be one of the best carbon sources used by V. splendidus AJ01. In this study, the effects of exogenous L-Glu on the coelomocyte viability, tissue status, and individual mortality of sea cucumbers were analyzed. The results showed that 10 mM of L-Glu decreased coelomocyte viability and increased individual mortality, with tissue rupture and pyknosis, while 0.1 mM of L-Glu slightly affected the survival of sea cucumbers without obvious damage at the cellular and tissue levels. Transcriptomic analysis showed that exogenous L-Glu upregulated 343 and downregulated 206 genes. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in signaling and membrane formation, while a Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in the upregulated endocytosis and downregulated lysosomal pathways. The coelomocyte viability further decreased by 20% in the simultaneous presence of exogenous L-Glu and V. splendidus AJ01 compared with that in the presence of V. splendidus AJ01 infection alone. Consequently, a higher sea cucumber mortality was also observed in the presence of exogenous L-Glu challenged by V. splendidus AJ01. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR showed that L-Glu specifically upregulated the expression of the fliC gene coding the subunit protein of the flagellar filament, promoting the swimming motility activity of V. splendidus. Our results indicate that L-Glu should be kept in a state of equilibrium, and excess L-Glu at the host-pathogen interface prompts the virulence of V. splendidus via the increase of bacterial motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Weibo Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
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Bouras H, Quesnelle Y, Barozet A, Goux D, Blin JL, Savary M, Zatylny-Gaudin C, Houssin M. First isolation of Francisella halioticida strains from blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) in Normandy, France. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 200:107950. [PMID: 37301277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mass mortality events affecting the blue mussels Mytilus edulis have been observed in France since 2014. The DNA of the bacterium Francisella halioticida, reported as pathogen of giant abalone (Haliotis gigantea) and Yesso scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) has been detected recently in mussels from areas suffering mortalities. Isolation of this bacterium was attempted from individuals collected during mortality events. Identification was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, real-time specific PCR and MALDI-ToF using spectra produced from the strain 8472-13A isolated from diseased Yesso scallop in Canada. Five isolates were identified as F. halioticida by real-time specific PCR and 16S rRNA sequencing. MALDI-ToF allowed the direct identification of four isolates (FR22a,b,c,d) which had 100% identity on the 16S rRNA gene with the known strains. On the other hand, one isolate (FR21) was not recognized by MALDI-ToF and had 99.9% identity on the 16S rRNA gene. The FR22 isolates showed difficult growth and required media optimization, which was not the case with the FR21 isolate. For these reasons, it was hypothesized that two type strains are present on French coasts, named FR21 and FR22. The FR21 isolate was selected for phenotypic analysis (growth curve, biochemical characteristics, electron microscopy), phylogenetic analysis and an experimental challenge. This isolate showed distinct differences compared to published F. halioticida strains, both at phenotypic and genotypic levels. Experimental infections of adult mussels led to 36% mortalities in 23 days following intramuscular injection with 3 × 107 CFU while a lower dose (3 × 103 CFU) did not lead to significant mortalities. In the context of this study, the strain FR21 was not virulent towards adult mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Bouras
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UA, CNRS, IRD, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France; LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France.
| | - Yann Quesnelle
- LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Alix Barozet
- LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France
| | - Didier Goux
- Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CMAbio3 (Centre de Microscopie Appliquée à la Biologie), SF EMerode, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France; Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, UMR 6508 CRISMAT, 6 boulevard du Maréchal Juin, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jean-Louis Blin
- Synergie Mer et Littoral (SMEL), Zone Conchylicole, Blainville-sur-mer, France
| | - Manuel Savary
- Comité Régional de Conchyliculture (CRC) Normandie-Mer du Nord, 35 rue du littoral, 50560 Gouville-sur-Mer, France
| | - Céline Zatylny-Gaudin
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UA, CNRS, IRD, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Maryline Houssin
- Université de Caen-Normandie, Sorbonne Université, MNHN, UA, CNRS, IRD, Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Esplanade de la Paix, 14032 Caen, France; LABÉO, Research department; 1 Route de Rosel, 14053 Caen Cedex 4, France
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Sun C, Teng J, Wang D, Zhao J, Shan E, Wang Q. The adverse impact of microplastics and their attached pathogen on hemocyte function and antioxidative response in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 325:138381. [PMID: 36907490 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widely distributed in marine environments, and they are easily attached by various microorganisms, including pathogenic bacteria. When bivalves mistakenly eat MPs, pathogenic bacteria attached to MPs enter their bodies through the Trojan horse effect, causing adverse effects. In this study, the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was exposed to aged polymethylmethacrylate MPs (PMMA-MPs, 20 μm) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus attached to PMMA-MPs to explore the effect of synergistic exposure by measuring lysosomal membrane stability, ROS content, phagocytosis, apoptosis in hemocytes, antioxidative enzyme activities and apoptosis-related gene expression in gills and digestive glands. The results showed that MP exposure alone did not cause significant oxidative stress in mussels, but after long-term coexposure to MPs and V. parahaemolyticus, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly inhibited in the gills of mussels. Both single MP exposure and coexposure will affect hemocyte function. Coexposure can induce hemocytes to produce higher ROS, improve phagocytosis, significantly reduce the stability of the lysosome membrane, and induce the expression of apoptosis-related genes, causing apoptosis of hemocytes compared with single MP exposure. Our results demonstrate that MPs attached to pathogenic bacteria have stronger toxic effects on mussels, which also suggests that MPs with pathogenic bacteria might have an influence on the immune system and cause disease in mollusks. Thus, MPs may mediate the transmission of pathogens in marine environments, posing a threat to marine animals and human health. This study provides a scientific basis for the ecological risk assessment of MP pollution in marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Sun
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jia Teng
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China
| | - Encui Shan
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, PR China.
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Vibrio splendidus infection induces dysbiosis in the blue mussel and favors pathobiontic bacteria. Microbiol Res 2022; 261:127078. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Destoumieux-Garzón D, Canesi L, Oyanedel D, Travers MA, Charrière GM, Pruzzo C, Vezzulli L. Vibrio-bivalve interactions in health and disease. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4323-4341. [PMID: 32363732 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the marine environment, bivalve mollusks constitute habitats for bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family. Vibrios belong to the microbiota of healthy oysters and mussels, which have the ability to concentrate bacteria in their tissues and body fluids, including the hemolymph. Remarkably, these important aquaculture species respond differently to infectious diseases. While oysters are the subject of recurrent mass mortalities at different life stages, mussels appear rather resistant to infections. Thus, Vibrio species are associated with the main diseases affecting the worldwide oyster production. Here, we review the current knowledge on Vibrio-bivalve interaction in oysters (Crassostrea sp.) and mussels (Mytilus sp.). We discuss the transient versus stable associations of vibrios with their bivalve hosts as well as technical issues limiting the monitoring of these bacteria in bivalve health and disease. Based on the current knowledge of oyster/mussel immunity and their interactions with Vibrio species pathogenic for oyster, we discuss how differences in immune effectors could contribute to the higher resistance of mussels to infections. Finally, we review the multiple strategies evolved by pathogenic vibrios to circumvent the potent immune defences of bivalves and how key virulence mechanisms could have been positively or negatively selected in the marine environment through interactions with predators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Canesi
- DISTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniel Oyanedel
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Travers
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume M Charrière
- IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier, France
| | - Carla Pruzzo
- DISTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzulli
- DISTAV, Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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