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Fajardo C, Santos P, Passos R, Vaz M, Azeredo R, Machado M, Fernández-Boo S, Baptista T, Costas B. Early Molecular Immune Responses of Turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus L.) Following Infection with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12944. [PMID: 37629124 PMCID: PMC10454659 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Turbot aquaculture production is an important economic activity in several countries around the world; nonetheless, the incidence of diseases, such furunculosis, caused by the etiological agent A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, is responsible for important losses to this industry worldwide. Given this perspective, this study aimed to evaluate early immune responses in turbot (S. maximus L.) following infection with A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. For this, 72 fish were individually weighed and randomly distributed into 6 tanks in a circulating seawater system. For the bacterial challenge, half of the individuals (3 tanks with 36 individuals) were infected using a peritoneal injection with the bacterial suspension, while the other half of individuals were injected with PBS and kept as a control group. Several factors linked to the innate immune response were studied, including not only haematological (white blood cells, red blood cells, haematocrit, haemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes) and oxidative stress parameters, but also the analyses of the expression of 13 key immune-related genes (tnf-α, il-1β, il-8, pparα-1, acox1, tgf-β1, nf-kB p65, srebp-1, il-10, c3, cpt1a, pcna, il-22). No significant differences were recorded in blood or innate humoral parameters (lysozyme, anti-protease, peroxidase) at the selected sampling points. There was neither any evidence of significant changes in the activity levels of the oxidative stress indicators (catalase, glutathione S-transferase, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase). In contrast, pro-inflammatory (tnf-α, il-1β), anti-inflammatory (il-10), and innate immune-related genes (c3) were up-regulated, while another gene linked with the lipid metabolism (acox1) was down-regulated. The results showed new insights about early responses of turbot following infection with A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Fajardo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (P.S.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (S.F.-B.)
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (R.P.); (M.V.); (T.B.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Campus de Excelencia Internacional del Mar (CEI·MAR), University of Cadiz (UCA), 11510 Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Paulo Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (P.S.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (S.F.-B.)
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (R.P.); (M.V.); (T.B.)
- Department of Aquatic Production, School of Biomedicine and Biomedical Sciences, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Passos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (R.P.); (M.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Mariana Vaz
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (R.P.); (M.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Rita Azeredo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (P.S.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (S.F.-B.)
| | - Marina Machado
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (P.S.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (S.F.-B.)
| | - Sergio Fernández-Boo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (P.S.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (S.F.-B.)
| | - Teresa Baptista
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2520-620 Peniche, Portugal; (R.P.); (M.V.); (T.B.)
| | - Benjamin Costas
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4450-208 Porto, Portugal; (C.F.); (P.S.); (R.A.); (M.M.); (S.F.-B.)
- Department of Aquatic Production, School of Biomedicine and Biomedical Sciences, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Long M, Fan H, Gan Z, Jiang Z, Tang S, Xia H, Lu Y. Comparative genomic analysis provides insights into taxonomy and temperature adaption of Aeromonas salmonicida. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:545-561. [PMID: 36861816 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida has long been known as psychrophiles since it is mainly isolated from cold water fish, and recent reports have revealed the existence of mesophilic strains isolated from warm sources. However, the genetic differences between mesophilic and psychrophilic strains remain unclear due to few complete genomes of mesophilic strain are available. In this study, six A. salmonicida (2 mesophilic and 4 psychrophilic) were genome-sequenced, and comparative analyses of 25 A. salmonicida complete genomes were conducted. The ANI values and phylogenetic analysis revealed that 25 strains formed three independent clades, which were referred as typical psychrophilic, atypical psychrophilic and mesophilic groups. Comparative genomic analysis showed that two chromosomal gene clusters, related to lateral flagella and outer membrane proteins (A-layer and T2SS proteins), and insertion sequences (ISAs4, ISAs7 and ISAs29) were unique to the psychrophilic groups, while the complete MSH type IV pili were unique to the mesophilic group, all of which may be considered as lifestyle-related factors. The results of this study not only provide new insights into the classification, lifestyle adaption and pathogenic mechanism of different strains of A. salmonicida, but also contributes to the prevention and control of disease caused by psychrophilic and mesophilic A. salmonicida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Long
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, and Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zenghai Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaoshuai Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongli Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, and Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, and Key Laboratory of Control for Disease of Aquatic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Fishery, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Fu Q, Hu J, Zhang P, Li Y, Zhao S, Cao M, Yang N, Li C. CC and CXC chemokines in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.): Identification, evolutionary analyses, and expression profiling after Aeromonas salmonicida infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:82-98. [PMID: 35690275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a superfamily of structurally related cytokines, which exert essential roles in guiding cell migration in development, homeostasis, and immunity. CC and CXC chemokines are the two major subfamilies in teleost species. In this study, a total of seventeen CC and CXC chemokines, with inclusion of twelve CC and five CXC chemokines, were systematically identified from the turbot genome, making turbot the teleost harboring the least number of CC and CXC chemokines among all teleost species ever reported. Phylogeny, synteny, and genomic organization analyses were performed to annotate these genes, and multiple chemokine genes were identified in the turbot genome, due to the tandem duplications (CCL19 and CCL20), the whole genome duplications (CCL20, CCL25, and CXCL12), and the teleost-specific members (CCL34-36, CCL44, and CXCL18). In addition, chemokines were ubiquitously expressed in nine examined healthy tissues, with high expression levels observed in liver, gill, and spleen. Moreover, most chemokines were significantly differentially expressed in gill and spleen after Aeromonas salmonicida infection, and exhibited tissue-specific and time-dependent manner. Finally, protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis indicated that turbot chemokines interacted with a few immune-related genes such as interleukins, cathepsins, stats, and TLRs. These results should be valuable for comparative immunological studies and provide insights for further functional characterization of chemokines in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jie Hu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shoucong Zhao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Gao C, Cai X, Ma L, Li C. Identification of mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA regulatory network associated with the immune response to Aeromonas salmonicides infection in the black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:104357. [PMID: 35090885 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, Aeromonas salmonicides (A. salmonicida) is a main fish pathogen because of its nearly worldwide distribution, and broad host range. Recently, an increasing number of evidences have uncovered the roles of mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network in fish diseases. In current study, RNA-seq was conducted in the black rockfish spleen following A. salmonicida infection at 0 h (Sp0 or control) and three different post-infection time-points (2 h: Sp2, 12 h: Sp12 and 24 h: Sp24, respectively) to comprehensively identify differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs. Enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis of DE mRNAs were performed. Then, expression and correlation analysis for mRNAs and their upstream miRNAs and lncRNAs were conducted. Finally, a total of 1364 mRNAs, 17 miRNAs and 1584 lncRNAs exhibited significantly differential expressions during bacterial infection in the black rockfish spleen. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that they were significantly enriched in several immune-related pathways, including Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, Pentose and glucuronate interconversions, Phagosome, Proteasome, etc. Subsequently, 1091 lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA pathways (323 in Sp2, 609 in Sp12 and 207 in Sp24) were constructed including 400 lncRNAs, 69 miRNAs, and 70 mRNAs. Meanwhile, NLRC3/novel-264/LNC_00116154 pathway demonstrated important immune modulating function in the black rockfish against A. salmonicida infection. Finally, the novel mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA sub-networks were established, among which all mRNAs and ncRNAs possessed significant predictive values for further studies for immune responses in the black rockfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Le Ma
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Ecosystems, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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He J, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Yang D. Feeding with poly(I:C) induced long-term immune responses against bacterial infection in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100037. [PMID: 36420496 PMCID: PMC9680065 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(I:C) is a kind of chemosynthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) analogue which could act as TLR3 agonist and induce IFN production. It is widely applied in anti-virus treatment and immunoregulation, as well as vaccine adjuvant in farmed animals. However, whether poly(I:C) could activate innate immune response to defense against bacterial infection remains unclear. In this study, we established a feeding trial model with different dose of poly(I:C) in turbot larvae, then challenged with Edwardsiella piscicida after 3–7 weeks resting period. The results show that feeding turbot with poly(I:C) exhibited a stronger inflammatory response and antioxidant stress ability, and significantly elevated the survival rate within the decreased bacterial loads. Importantly, the bacterial infection-induced white feces in hindgut of turbot were significantly alleviated after poly(I:C) feeding, and this administration induced protection could last for about 7 weeks. Taken together, these findings indicate that feeding turbot with poly(I:C) could enhance a long-term intestinal mucosal immunity in response to bacterial infection, suggesting that poly(I:C) might be a promising immunostimulant in aquaculture.
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Zhang L, Cao M, Li Q, Yan X, Xue T, Song L, Su B, Li C. Genome-wide identification of NOD-like receptors and their expression profiling in mucosal tissues of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) upon bacteria challenge. Mol Immunol 2021; 134:48-61. [PMID: 33713957 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune system plays an important role in host defense against pathogenic infections. In the innate immune system, several families of innate pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and DNA receptors (cytosolic sensors for DNA), are known to play vital roles in detecting and responding to various pathogens. In this study, we identified 29 NLRs in turbot including 4 NLRs from subfamily A: NOD1, NOD2, CIITA, NLRC5, 1 NLR from subfamily B: NLRB1, 21 NLRs from subfamily C: NLR-C3.1∼NLRC3.21, 1 from NLRX subfamily, and two that do not fall within these subfamilies: APAF1, NWD1. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these NLR genes were clearly divided into five subfamilies. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that some of these NLR genes shared same interacting genes and might participate in signal transductions associated with immunity. The evolutionary pressure selection analysis showed that the Ka/Ks ratios for all detected NLR genes were much less than one, implying more synonymous changes than non-synonymous changes. In addition, tissue expression analysis showed that the relative higher expression levels were observed in gill, skin and intestine. Meanwhile, NLR genes expression after bacterial infection results showed that most NLR genes participated in the process of defense of V. anguillarum and A. salmonicida infections in mucosal tissues. Taken together, identification and expression profiling analysis of NLR genes can provide valuable information for further functional characterization of these genes in turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qi Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ling Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Baofeng Su
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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