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Xin J, Pu Q, Wang R, Gu Y, He L, Du X, Tang G, Han D. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of chelerythrine against Streptococcus agalactiae. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1408376. [PMID: 38948675 PMCID: PMC11212505 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1408376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus agalactiae (S.agalactiae), also known as group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a highly infectious pathogen. Prolonged antibiotic usage leads to significant issues of antibiotic residue and resistance. Chelerythrine (CHE) is a naturally occurring benzophenidine alkaloid and chelerythrine chloride (CHEC) is its hydrochloride form with diverse biological and pharmacological activities. However, the antibacterial mechanism of CHEC against GBS remains unclear. Thus, this study aims to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of CHEC on GBS and elucidate its underlying mechanism. The antibacterial effect of CHEC on GBS was assessed using inhibitory zone, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays, as well as by constructing a time-kill curve. The antibacterial mechanism of CHEC was investigated through techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), measurement of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, determination of Na+ K+, Ca2+ Mg2+-adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activity, observation of membrane permeability, and analysis of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mRNA expression levels of key virulence genes. The results demonstrated that the inhibition zone diameters of CHEC against GBS were 14.32 mm, 12.67 mm, and 10.76 mm at concentrations of 2 mg/mL, 1 mg/mL, and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MBC values were determined as 256 μg/mL and 512 μg/mL correspondingly. In the time-kill curve, 8 × MIC, 4 × MIC and 2 × MIC CHEC could completely kill GBS within 24 h. SEM and TEM analyses revealed significant morphological alterations in GBS cells treated with CHEC including shrinkage, collapse, and leakage of cellular fluids. Furthermore, the antibacterial mechanism underlying CHEC's efficacy against GBS was attributed to its disruption of cell wall integrity as well as membrane permeability resulting in extracellular release of intracellular ATP, AKP, Na+ K+, Ca2+ Mg2+. Additionally CHEC could increase the ROS production leading to oxidative damage and downregulating mRNA expression levels of key virulence genes in GBS cells. In conclusion, CHEC holds potential as an antimicrobial agent against GBS and further investigations are necessary to elucidate additional molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jige Xin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiqi Pu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruiying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yeqing Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuan Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guowen Tang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Diangang Han
- Technology Center of Kunming Customs, Kunming, China
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Zhang FL, Yang L, He WH, Xie LJ, Yang F, Wang YH, Huang AG. In vivo antibacterial activity of medicinal plant Sophora flavescens against Streptococcus agalactiae infection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2023; 46:977-986. [PMID: 37294673 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcosis disease caused by Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) results in a huge economic loss of tilapia culture. It is urgent to find new antimicrobial agents against streptococcosis. In this study, 20 medicinal plants were evaluated in vitro and in vivo to obtain medicinal plants and potential bioactive compounds against GBS infection. The results showed that the ethanol extracts of 20 medicinal plants had low or no antibacterial properties in vitro, with a minimal inhibitory concentration ≥256 mg/L. Interestingly, in vivo tests showed that 7 medicinal plants could significantly inhibit GBS infection in tilapia, and Sophora flavescens (SF) had the strongest anti-GBS activity in tilapia, reaching 92.68%. SF could significantly reduce the bacterial loads of GBS in different tissues (liver, spleen and brain) of tilapia after treated with different tested concentrations (12.5, 25.0, 50.0 and 100.0 mg/kg) for 24 h. Moreover, 50 mg/kg SF could significantly improve the survival rate of GBS-infected tilapia by inhibiting GBS replication. Furthermore, the expression of antioxidant gene cat, immune-related gene c-type lysozyme and anti-inflammatory cytokine il-10 in liver tissue of GBS-infected tilapia significantly increased after treated with SF for 24 h. Meanwhile, SF significantly reduced the expression of immune-related gene myd88 and pro-inflammatory cytokines il-8 and il-1β in liver tissue of GBS-infected tilapia. The negative and positive models of UPLC-QE-MS, respectively, identified 27 and 57 components of SF. The major components of SF extract in the negative model were α, α-trehalose, DL-malic acid, D- (-)-fructose and xanthohumol, while in the positive model were oxymatrine, formononetin, (-)-maackiain and xanthohumol. Interestingly, oxymatrine and xanthohumol could significantly inhibit GBS infection in tilapia. Taken together, these results suggest that SF can inhibit GBS infection in tilapia, and it has potential for the development of anti-GBS agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-Li Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Institute of Green and Low Carbon Technology, Guangxi lnstitute of lndustrial Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Wei-Hao He
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ling-Jun Xie
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Institute of Green and Low Carbon Technology, Guangxi lnstitute of lndustrial Technology, Nanning, China
| | - Ai-Guo Huang
- School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Mone NS, Syed S, Ravichandiran P, Satpute SK, Kim AR, Yoo DJ. How Structure-Function Relationships of 1,4-Naphthoquinones Combat Antimicrobial Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Pathogens. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200471. [PMID: 36316281 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the top ten health-related threats worldwide. Among several antimicrobial agents, naphthoquinones (NQs) of plant/chemical origin possess enormous structural and functional diversity and are effective against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. 1,4-NQs possess alkyl, hydroxyl, halide, and metal groups as side chains on their double-ring structure, predominantly at the C-2, C-3, C-5, and C-8 positions. Among 1,4-NQs, hydroxyl groups at either C-2 or C-5 exhibit significant antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. (ESKAPE) and MDR categories. 1,4-NQs exhibit antibacterial activities like plasmids curing, reactive oxygen species generation, efflux pumps inhibition, anti-DNA gyrase activity, membrane permeabilization, and biofilm inhibition. This review emphasizes the structure-function relationships of 1,4-NQs against ESKAPE and MDR pathogens based on a literature review of studies published in the last 15 years. Overall, 1,4-NQs have great potential for counteracting the antimicrobial resistance of MDR pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishigandha S Mone
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sahil Syed
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Palanisamy Ravichandiran
- R&D Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Science, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering (BK21 FOUR) of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.,Present address: Analytical, HP Green R&D Centre, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, KIADB Industrial Area, Devangundi, Hoskote, Bengaluru, 562114, Karnataka, India
| | - Surekha K Satpute
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering (BK21 FOUR) of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- R&D Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Science, Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering (BK21 FOUR) of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
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