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Varvara C, Hala E, Di Comite M, Zupa R, Passantino L, Ventriglia G, Quaranta A, Corriero A, Pousis C. An Observational Study of Skeletal Malformations in Four Semi-Intensively Reared Carp Species. Vet Sci 2024; 11:30. [PMID: 38250936 PMCID: PMC10819420 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyprinids include some of the most widely farmed freshwater species. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of skeletal malformations in carp species reared in semi-intensive systems in Albania: common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The common carp fingerlings had a mean total length of 28.9 ± 5.0 mm; the frequencies of individuals with at least one anomaly and at least one severe anomaly were 79.2% and 43.4%, respectively. The silver carp juveniles had a mean total length of 21.6 ± 2.1 mm; the frequencies of individuals with at least one anomaly and one severe anomaly were 93.1% and 57.5%, respectively. The grass carp fry had a mean total length of 33.5 ± 2.6 mm; all the analyzed specimens showed almost one anomaly and 86.4% showed at least one severe anomaly. The bighead carp juveniles had a mean total length of 34.4 ± 5.7 mm; the frequencies of individuals with at least one anomaly and at least one severe anomaly were 95.0% and 62.5%, respectively. The development of a more suitable feeding protocol for herbivorous species and the setting up of more efficient broodstock management protocols are suggested to reduce the high incidence of skeletal malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Varvara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Edmond Hala
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1030 Tirana, Albania;
| | - Mariasevera Di Comite
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Rosa Zupa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Letizia Passantino
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Jonian Area (DiMePRe-J), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Ventriglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Angelo Quaranta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Aldo Corriero
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Chrysovalentinos Pousis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (C.V.); (R.Z.); (A.Q.); (A.C.); (C.P.)
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Printzi A, Koumoundouros G, Fournier V, Madec L, Zambonino-Infante JL, Mazurais D. Effect of Early Peptide Diets on Zebrafish Skeletal Development. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040659. [PMID: 37189406 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporation of dietary peptides has been correlated with decreased presence of skeletal abnormalities in marine larvae. In an attempt to clarify the effect of smaller protein fractions on fish larval and post-larval skeleton, we designed three isoenergetic diets with partial substitution of their protein content with 0% (C), 6% (P6) and 12% (P12) shrimp di- and tripeptides. Experimental diets were tested in zebrafish under two regimes, with inclusion (ADF-Artemia and dry feed) or lack (DF-dry feed only) of live food. Results at the end of metamorphosis highlight the beneficial effect of P12 on growth, survival and early skeletal quality when dry diets are provided from first feeding (DF). Exclusive feeding with P12 also increased the musculoskeletal resistance of the post-larval skeleton against the swimming challenge test (SCT). On the contrary, Artemia inclusion (ADF) overruled any peptide effect in total fish performance. Given the unknown species' larval nutrient requirements, a 12% dietary peptide incorporation is proposed for successful rearing without live food. A potential nutritional control of the larval and post-larval skeletal development even in aquaculture species is suggested. Limitations of the current molecular analysis are discussed to enable the future identification of the peptide-driven regulatory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Printzi
- Biology Department, University of Crete, 70013 Crete, Greece
- IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | | | - Lauriane Madec
- IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
| | | | - David Mazurais
- IFREMER, University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzané, France
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