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Bangar SP, Whiteside WS, Kajla P, Tavassoli M. Value addition of rice straw cellulose fibers as a reinforcer in packaging applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125320. [PMID: 37307977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of agro-waste in food packaging applications is receiving remarkable attention due to its sustainable approach and biodegradable properties. As typical lignocellulosic biomass, rice straw (RS) is widely produced but is usually abandoned and burned, causing tremendous environmental concerns. The exploration of using RS as the source of biodegradable packaging materials is promising for economically converting this agricultural waste into packaging material, thereby providing a considerable solution for RS disposal and an alternative solution to synthetic plastic waste. Polymers have been infused with nanoparticles, fibers, and whiskers, along with plasticizers and cross-linkers, and fillers like nanoparticles and fibers. They have also been blended with natural extracts, essential oils, and other synthetic and natural polymers to improve RS properties. There is still much research to be done before this biopolymer can be applied at an industrial level in food packaging. In this respect, RS can be valued for packaging to add value to these underutilized residues. This review article focuses on the extraction methods and functionality of cellulose fibers and their nanostructured forms from RS and their utilization in packaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson 29634, USA.
| | - William Scott Whiteside
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson 29634, USA
| | - Priyanka Kajla
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science &Technology, Hisar, 125001, Haryana, India
| | - Milad Tavassoli
- Student's Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Iltaf J, Noreen S, Rehman MFU, Ghumman SA, Batool F, Mehdi M, Hasan S, Ijaz B, Akram MS, Butt H. Ficus benghalensis as Potential Inhibitor of 5 α-Reductase for Hair Growth Promotion: In Vitro, In Silico, and In Vivo Evaluation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:774583. [PMID: 34950034 PMCID: PMC8688993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The screening of hair follicles, dermal papilla cells, and keratinocytes through in vitro, in vivo, and histology has previously been reported to combat alopecia. Ficus benghalensis has been used conventionally to cure skin and hair disorders, although its effect on 5α-reductase II is still unknown. Currently, we aim to analyze the phytotherapeutic impact of F. benghalensis leaf extracts (FBLEs) for promoting hair growth in rabbits along with in vitro inhibition of the steroid isozyme 5α-reductase II. The inhibition of 5α-reductase II by FBLEs was assessed by RP-HPLC, using the NADPH cofactor as the reaction initiator and Minoxin (5%) as a positive control. In silico studies were performed using AutoDock Vina to visualize the interaction between 5α-reductase II and the reported phytoconstituents present in FBLEs. Hair growth in female albino rabbits was investigated by applying an oral dose of the FBLE formulation and control drug to the skin once a day. The skin tissues were examined by histology to see hair follicles. Further, FAAS, FTIR, and antioxidants were performed to check the trace elements and secondary metabolites in the FBLEs. The results of RP-HPLC and the binding energies showed that FBLEs reduced the catalytic activity of 5α-reductase II and improved cell proliferation in rabbits. The statistical analysis (p < 0.05 or 0.01) and percentage inhibition (>70%) suggested that hydroalcoholic FBLE has more potential in increasing hair growth by elongating hair follicle's anagen phase. FAAS, FTIR, and antioxidant experiments revealed sufficient concentrations of Zn, Cu, K, and Fe, together with the presence of polyphenols and scavenging activity in FBLE. Overall, we found that FBLEs are potent in stimulating hair follicle maturation by reducing the 5α-reductase II action, so they may serve as a principal choice in de novo drug designing to treat hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawaria Iltaf
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Fozia Batool
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mehdi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Sara Hasan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Ijaz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Safwan Akram
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Haider Butt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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