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Sun Z, Chen J, Dai T, Lv C, Liang R, Liu W, Liu C, Deng L. Effect of maturity on the drying characteristics of lotus seed and molecular structure, gelation and digestive properties of its starch. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 345:122589. [PMID: 39227113 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Maturity and drying treatment are important factors affecting the processing characteristics of lotus seeds and its starch. This study aimed to investigate the effect of maturity (from low to high-M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4) on far-infrared drying kinetics of lotus seeds, and on the variation of structure, gelation and digestive properties of lotus seed starch (LSS) before and after drying. As the maturity increased, the drying time reduced from 5.8 to 1.0 h. The reduction of drying time was correlated with the decrease of initial moisture content, the increase of water freedom and the destruction of tissue structure during ripening. The increased maturity and drying process altered the multiscale structure of LSS, including an increase in amylose content, disruption of the short-range structure, and a decrease in relative crystallinity and molecular weight. The viscosity, pasting temperature and enthalpy of LSS decreased during ripening, and drying treatment caused the further decrease. The digestibility of LSS increased during ripening and drying. Lotus seeds at M-4 would be optimal for obtaining shorter drying time, lower pasting temperature and enthalpy, and higher digestibility. This study provided theoretical guidance for achieving effective drying process and screening LSS with suitable processing properties through maturity sorting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; International Institute for Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, PR China
| | - Taotao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; International Institute for Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, PR China
| | - Chengliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; International Institute for Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, PR China
| | - Ruihong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; International Institute for Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, PR China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; International Institute for Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, PR China
| | - Lizhen Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, PR China; International Institute for Food Innovation, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, PR China.
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Li M, Zhou C, Wang B, Zeng S, Mu R, Li G, Li B, Lv W. Research progress and application of ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted food processing technology. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3707-3731. [PMID: 37350041 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves of specific frequencies (300 MHz-3000 GHz), whereas ultrasonic is mechanical waves of specific frequencies. Microwave and ultrasonic technology as a new processing method has been widely used in food processing fields. Combined ultrasonic and microwave technology is exploited by researchers as an improvement technique and has been successfully applied in food processing such as thawing, drying, frying, extraction, and sterilization. This paper overviews the principle and characteristics of ultrasonic- and microwave-assisted food processing techniques, particularly their combinations, design of equipment, and their applications in the processing of agricultural products such as thawing, drying, frying, extraction, and sterilization. The combination of ultrasonic and microwave is applied in food processing, where microwave enhances the heating rate, and ultrasonic improves the efficiency of heat and mass transfer. The synergy of the heating effect of microwave and the cavitation effect of ultrasonic improves processing efficiency and damages the cell structure of the material. The degradation of nutrient composition and energy consumption due to the short processing time of combined ultrasonic and microwave technology is decreased. Ultrasonic technology, as an auxiliary means of efficient microwave heating, is pollution-free, highly efficient, and has a wide range of applications in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Behavioural and Health Science, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shiyu Zeng
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Rongyi Mu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingzheng Li
- Guangxi Bioscience and Technology Research Center, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weiqiao Lv
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Pandiselvam R, Aydar AY, Kutlu N, Aslam R, Sahni P, Mitharwal S, Gavahian M, Kumar M, Raposo A, Yoo S, Han H, Kothakota A. Individual and interactive effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on drying kinetics and biochemical qualities of food: A critical review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 92:106261. [PMID: 36516722 PMCID: PMC9755246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
One of the earliest and most prevalent processing methods to increase the shelf-life of foods is drying. In recent years, there has been an increased demand to improve product quality while lowering processing times, expenses, and energy usage in the drying process. Pre-treatments are therefore effectively used before drying to enhance heat and mass transfer, increase drying efficiency, and lessen degradation of final product quality. When food is dried, changes are expected in its taste, color, texture, and physical, chemical, and microbial properties. This has led to the need for research and development into the creation of new and effective pre-treatment technologies including high-pressure processing, pulsed electric field, ultraviolet irradiation, and ultrasound. Sound waves that have a frequency >20 kHz, which is above the upper limit of the audible frequency range, are referred to as "ultrasound". Ultrasonication (US) is a non-thermal technology, that has mechanical, cavitational, and sponge effects on food materials. Ultrasound pre-treatment enhances the drying characteristics by producing microchannels in the food tissue, facilitating internal moisture diffusion in the finished product, and lowering the barrier to water migration. The goal of ultrasound pre-treatment is to save processing time, conserve energy, and enhance the quality, safety, and shelf-life of food products. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of ultrasound, its mechanism, and how the individual effects of ultrasonic pre-treatment and the interactive effects of ultrasound-assisted technologies affect the drying kinetics, bioactive components, color, textural, and sensory qualities of food. The difficulties that can arise when using ultrasound technology as a drying pretreatment approach, such as inadequate management of heat, the employment of ultrasound at a limited frequency, and the generation of free radicals, have also been explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pandiselvam
- Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology Division, ICAR-Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (CPCRI), Kasaragod 671 124, Kerala, India.
| | - Alev Yüksel Aydar
- Department of Food Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkiye.
| | - Naciye Kutlu
- Department of Food Processing, Aydıntepe Vocational College, Bayburt University, 69500 Aydıntepe, Bayburt, Turkiye
| | - Raouf Aslam
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Prashant Sahni
- College of Dairy and Food Technology, Agriculture University, Jodhpur, 342304, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swati Mitharwal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship & Management (NIFTEM), Kundli 131028, India
| | - Mohsen Gavahian
- Department of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sunghoon Yoo
- Audit Team, Hanmoo Convention (Oakwood Premier), 49, Teheran-ro 87-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06164, South Korea.
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
| | - Anjineyulu Kothakota
- Agro-Processing & Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India
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An NN, Li D, Wang LJ, Wang Y. Factors affecting energy efficiency of microwave drying of foods: an updated understanding. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2618-2633. [PMID: 36134904 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2124947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Microwave drying (MWD) is an efficient dielectric drying method in food, with advantages such as volumetric heating, fast drying, safety, and good product quality. As a key indicator of a dryer's market value, energy efficiency is of concern to sellers and dryer manufacturers. This paper systematically reviewed the quantification methods and influencing factors of energy efficiency of microwave drying in food application from different perspectives. Mechanisms and possible improvements of these factors are highlighted. Future trends in improving the energy efficiency of MWD are proposed. Energy consumption of MWD depends on a variety of factors such as equipment structure, drying conditions (microwave power, frequency, temperature, and air velocity), material properties, and combined/hybrid drying technologies. The drying system can be effectively improved if these parameters are adjusted appropriately and taking the processing cost into consideration. Although a good product can be obtained by pretreatment or combined/hybrid drying method, it may consume more energy. Future research should develop artificial intelligence, renewable energy, and computational fluid dynamics technology to pave the way for large-scale application of MWD and reduce energy consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan An
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- College of Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, National Energy R & D Center for Non-food Biomass, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Xu J, Wang D, Lei Y, Cheng L, Zhuang W, Tian Y. Effects of combined ultrasonic and microwave vacuum drying on drying characteristics and physicochemical properties of Tremella fuciformis. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 84:105963. [PMID: 35240409 PMCID: PMC8889406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the effects of ultrasonic waves on the drying kinetics of Tremella fuciformis during microwave vacuum drying. The physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of T. fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPs) were studied by drying tremella samples using hot air drying (HAD), microwave vacuum drying, ultrasonic pretreatments with microwave vacuum drying (US + MVD), and air-borne ultrasonic pretreatments combined with microwave vacuum drying (USMVD) under acoustic energy densities of 0.14, 0.28, and 0.42 W/mL. The results showed that USMVD and US + MVD accelerated the mass transfer process of T. fuciformis. Compared with HAD treatment, TFP samples obtained by USMVD and US + MVD had a reduced molecular weight to a certain extent, and they had stronger shear thinning ability. In addition, USMVD-TFPs at 0.42 W/mL retained higher total sugar, reducing sugar, and uronic acid, and the degree of reduction in the monosaccharide component content was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Xu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Danni Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yanping Lei
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Lujie Cheng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Weijing Zhuang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Yuting Tian
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Science and Processing Technology in Special Starch, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
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