Effect of the Amount and Particle Size of Pineapple Peel Fiber on Dough Rheology and Steamed Bread Quality

Valorizing date seeds through ultrasonication to enhance quality attributes of dough and biscuit, Part-1: Effects on dough rheology and physical properties of biscuits

In the present study, non-conventional and green technology (ultrasonication) was utilized to recover bioactive compounds from the small, medium and large sized defatted date seed powder (DDSP) particles. Bioactive compounds recovered from DDSP and the remaining fiber-rich residue were incorporated as functional ingredient in the biscuit dough to enhance the functionality and the quality characteristics of the dough and biscuit. The polyphenolic extract and 2.5 %, 5 % and 7.5 % substitution levels of fiber-rich extraction residue were incorporated in formulations followed by investigating the effect on rheological, physical and microstructural properties of dough and biscuit. Loss and storage moduli, G'' and G', respectively, of dough increased with decreasing particle size and increasing substitution level while tan δ decreased with increasing substitution level of fiber-rich extraction residue. The smallest particles at 7.5 % substitution level resulted in the lowest creep strain value in dough. Hardness of the dough and biscuit increased with decreasing particle size and increasing substitution level of the residue. The 7.5 % substitution level of the smallest particle size resulted in the darkest dough and biscuit. Spread ratio and diameter of the biscuit decreased with increasing substitution level of the residue. The smallest diameter of 50.61 mm and spread ratio of 8.36 was observed in the biscuits substituted with the largest particle size with 7.5 % substitution level. Microstructural images of dough and biscuit revealed that the continuity of the gluten network was disrupted by the incorporation of the fiber-rich extraction residue. This study provided valuable insights into extracting bioactive components from date by-products using green ultrasonication technique and utilizing such compounds to improve functional attributes of bakery products, as a sustainable approach for valorizing date by-products.

Upgrading Common Wheat Pasta by Fiber-Rich Fraction of Potato Peel Byproduct at Different Particle Sizes: Effects on Physicochemical, Thermal, and Sensory Properties

Fiber-enriched food has numerous health benefits. This study develops functional fiber-enriched pasta (FEP) by partially substituting wheat flour for alcohol-insoluble residue prepared from potato processing byproducts (AIR-PPB) at various particle sizes (PS). The independent variables' effects, AIR-PPB at 2-15% substitution levels, and PS 40-250 µm were investigated in terms of chemical, cooking, thermal, and sensory properties. AIR-PPB is rich in total dietary fibers (TDF) (83%), exhibiting high water-holding capacity (WHC) and vibrant colors. Different concentrations of AIR-PPB increase TDF content in FEPs by 7-21 times compared to the control pasta (CP). Although the optimal cooking time (OCT) decreases by 15-18% compared to CP, where a lower OCT should reduce cooking time and save energy, cooking loss (Cl) increases slightly but remains within an acceptable range of 8%. Additionally, AIR-PPB altered the texture properties of FEP, with a moderate decrease in mass increase index (MII), firmness, and stickiness. AIR-PPB impairs the gluten network's structure in pasta due to AIR-PPB's WHC, which competes with starch for water binding, increasing the starch gelatinization temperature. FEPs show an increased lightness and yellowness and improved sensory properties. Highly acceptable FEPs were obtained for the following substitution levels: FEP11 (AIR-PPB at 2% and PS of 145 µm), FEP9 (AIR-PPB 4% level with PS of 70 µm), FEP6 (AIR-PPB of 4% level with 219 µm PS), and FEP1 (AIR-PPB = 8.5% with 40 µm PS), as compared to other FEPs.

Chestnut peels and wheat bran at different water level influence the physical properties of pan bread

In breadmaking, dietary fibres are used to improve the nutritional quality of the final products; on the other hand, they may affect the physical and sensory properties. This work aimed to the evaluate, on pan breads, the effect of substituting 3 g of wheat flour with an equivalent amount of fibre rich ingredients: chestnut peels (CP) or wheat bran (WB), in comparison to a traditional wheat bread formulation (C). The effect of four levels of added water (54, 60, 66, 71 g/100 of flour) was also tested. The fibre content of CP (33%) and WB (42%) affected their water binding capacity and, consequently, the quality of the final loaves, according to the different water addition levels. In bread crumb, water content and water activity increased proportionally to the water addition levels, being instead in the crust also affected by the presence of fibres: lower water retention capacity was observed for CP, in comparison to WB and C. The loaf volume resulted higher for C in comparison to WB and CP, in relation to the larger dimensions of the crumb pores, probably due to the interfering effect of fibres during the development of the gluten network. Crumb hardness resulted higher for C at low water addition levels, being instead higher for CP at high water addition levels. CP showed a darker and redder colour, than both WB and C bread, for the presence of the brown pigments carried by chestnut peels. PCA analysis confirmed that more water is required for both the fibre-enriched breads to show characteristics similar to the control loaves.

Natural plant fibers obtained from agricultural residue used as an ingredient in food matrixes or packaging materials: A review

Every year, agrifood activities generate a large amount of plant byproducts, which have a low economical value. However, the valorization of these byproducts can contribute to increasing the intake of dietary fibers and reducing the environmental pollution. This review presents an overview of a wide variety of agricultural wastes applied in the formulation of different food products and sustainable packaging. In general, the incorporation of fibers into bakery, meat, and dairy products was successful, especially at a level of 10% or less. Fibers from a variety of crops improved the consistency, texture, and stability of sauce formulations without affecting sensory quality. In addition, fiber fortification (0.01-6.4%) presented considerable advantages in terms of rheology, texture, melting behavior, and fat replacement of ice cream, but in some cases had a negative impact on color and mouthfeel. In the case of beverages, promising effects on texture, viscosity, stability, and appetite control were obtained by the addition of soluble dietary fibers from grains and fruits with small particle size. Biocomposites used in packaging benefited from reinforcing effects of various plant fiber sources, but the extent of modification depended on the matrix type, fiber pretreatment, and concentration. The information synthesized in this contribution can be used as a tool to screen and select the most promising fiber source, fiber concentration, and pretreatment for specific food applications and sustainable packaging.

Effects of corn distillers dried grains on dough properties and quality of Chinese steamed bread

Chinese steamed bread (CSB) accounts for 30% of the wheat end-use in China. CSB was studied as a platform for fiber and protein enrichment, employing corn distillers dried grains. Food grade distiller's grain (FDDG) processed from co-products from the corn ethanol industry was used as the enrichment ingredient. Since CSB uses a lean formula with little or no added sugar or fat, it relies entirely on fermentation and steaming for flavor and texture development. FDDG was used to replace 0%-25% all-purpose flour (APF) in CSB formulations. Effects of FDDG on dough properties and quality of CSB were evaluated by instrumental (Farinograph, Mixolab, and Texture Analyzer), nutritional, and sensory methods. Protein and dietary fiber contents showed significant increases to 18.8% and 15.3%, respectively, for 100 g of steamed bread (25% FDDG db). Fiber in 100 g of fresh FDDG CSB ranged from 2.8 to 7.7 g. FDDG fortified doughs demonstrated higher water absorption, while dough development time, dough stability, and dough extensibility decreased significantly with partial APF replacement. FDDG contributed to increased hardness and adhesiveness in the CSB. Crumb analysis revealed reduced number of gas cells at higher FDDG substitution. FDDG enrichment reduced brightness (L*) of flour blends and CSB. Rheological and sensory analysis showed an upper level of FDDG substitution of 15% was acceptable without detriment to dough functionality, texture, and taste.

Dietary Fiber from Underutilized Plant Resources—A Positive Approach for Valorization of Fruit and Vegetable Wastes

Agri-food industries generate enormous amounts of fruit and vegetable processing wastes, which opens up an important research area aimed towards minimizing and managing them efficiently to support zero wastes and/or circular economy concept. These wastes remain underutilized owing to a lack of appropriate processing technologies vital for their efficient valorization, especially for recovery of health beneficial bioactives like dietary fibers. Dietary fiber finds wide applications in food and pharmaceutical industries and holds high promise as a potential food additive and/or as a functional food ingredient to meet the techno-functional purposes important for developing health-promoting value-added products. Based on this, the present review has been designed to support ‘zero waste’ and ‘waste to wealth’ concepts. In addition, the focus revolves around providing updated information on various sustainability challenges incurred towards valorization of fruit and vegetable wastes for extraction of health promoting dietary fibers.

Substantiation of basic stages of gluten-free steamed bread production and its influence on quality of finished product

Development and introduction of high quality gluten-free products is one of the priorities of food industry. Feasibility of producing gluten-free steamed bread based on rice and corn flour using flaxseed, sunflower, sorghum and quinoa flour additives is proved in the article. Recommended ratios of flours are established: Frc:Ffs 95:5, Frc:Fsn 95:5, Fcn:Fqn 85:15, Fcn:Fsg 90:10. The parameters of dough kneading are studied and the influence of additives on relative elasticity, plasticity and resilience is established. Use of additives leads to a decrease in irreversible relative deformation of dough for 36 – 68% and relative plasticity for 16 – 18%, to increase of its elasticity relative resilience up to 2.3 times. Dough fermentation process is investigated. It is established that amount of carbon dioxide accumulated in gluten-free dough increases by 10 – 30%. Process of acid accumulation during fermentation is studied. A flow chart for the production of gluten-free steamed bread is proposed. The parameters for the production of gluten-free steamed bread were established and justified. Product is prepared in a single-phase method, adopted in practice of baking bread. The duration of dough mixing is 10 – 15 min, fermentation 20 – 35 min. Steam treatment is carried out under atmospheric pressure. Recommended steam processing time is 35 min for bread based on rice flour, 30 min for based on corn flour. In comparison with the traditional technological scheme, it is recommended to use a double boiler instead of an oven.

Current trends of tropical fruit waste utilization

Recent rapid growth of the world's population has increased food demands. This phenomenon poses a great challenge for food manufacturers in maximizing the existing food or plant resources. Nowadays, the recovery of health benefit bioactive compounds from fruit wastes is a research trend not only to help minimize the waste burden, but also to meet the intensive demand from the public for phenolic compounds which are believed to have protective effects against chronic diseases. This review is focused on polyphenolic compounds recovery from tropical fruit wastes and its current trend of utilization. The tropical fruit wastes include in discussion are durian (Durio zibethinus), mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), mango (Mangifera indica L.), jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus), papaya (Carica papaya), passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp), and pineapple (Ananas comosus). Highlights of bioactive compounds in different parts of a tropical fruit are targeted primarily for food industries as pragmatic references to create novel innovative health enhancement food products. This information is intended to inspire further research ideas in areas that are still under-explored and for food processing manufacturers who would like to minimize wastes as the norm of present day industry (design) objective.