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Putra NR, Rizkiyah DN, Aziz AHA, Mamat H, Jusoh WMSW, Idham Z, Yunus MAC, Irianto I. Influence of particle size in supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) on bioactive compound recovery, extraction rate, diffusivity, and solubility. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10871. [PMID: 37407592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to establish the best particle size for recovering high yields of total phenolic compounds (TPC), total anthocyanin compounds(TAC) and total flavonoid compounds (TFC) from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) by applying supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2). The extraction rate, diffusivity and solubility of yield in ScCO2 were also studied and calculated utilizing models. Pressure (10 and 30 MPa), temperature (40 and 60 °C), and particle size (250 µm < dp < 355 µm, 355 µm < dp < 425 µm and 425 µm < dp < 500 µm) were employed as variables in this experiment. The greatest recovery was 11.96% yield, 7.16 mg/100 g TAC, 42.93 mg/100 g TPC and 239.36 mg/100 g TFC under the conditions of 30 MPA, 40 °C and 250 µm < dp < 355 µm, respectively. The extraction rate of supercritical carbon dioxide in roselle extraction ranged from 5.19 E-03 to 1.35 E-03 mg/s fitted using the Esquivel model. The diffusivity coefficient of ScCO2 ranged from 2.17E-12 to 3.72E-11 mg/s2, as fitted by a single sphere model. The greatest solubility of global yield, TAC, TPC and TFC in ScCO2 was 1.50 g/L, 0.3 mg/L, 1.69 mg/L and 9.97 mg/L, respectively, with a particle size of 250 µm < dp < 355 µm. The smaller particle size of roselle provides the maximum bioactive compound recovery and solubility. Furthermore, the diffusivity and extraction of ScCO2 are increased by decreasing the particle size. Therefore, a smaller particle size is appropriate for roselle extraction by ScCO2 based on the experimental and modelling data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Rahmana Putra
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Dwila Nur Rizkiyah
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Hasmadi Mamat
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Wan Muhammad Syahir Wan Jusoh
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Zuhaili Idham
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azizi Che Yunus
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus, 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
| | - Irianto Irianto
- Department General Education, Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Putra NR, Rizkiyah DN, Che Yunus MA, Abdul Aziz AH, Md Yasir ASH, Irianto I, Jumakir J, Waluyo W, Suparwoto S, Qomariyah L. Valorization of Peanut Skin as Agricultural Waste Using Various Extraction Methods: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114325. [PMID: 37298801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peanuts (Arachis hypogea) can be made into various products, from oil to butter to roasted snack peanuts and candies, all from the kernels. However, the skin is usually thrown away, used as cheap animal feed, or as one of the ingredients in plant fertilizer due to its little value on the market. For the past ten years, studies have been conducted to determine the full extent of the skin's bioactive substance repertoire and its powerful antioxidant potential. Alternatively, researchers reported that peanut skin could be used and be profitable in a less-intensive extraction technique. Therefore, this review explores the conventional and green extraction of peanut oil, peanut production, peanut physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant activity, and the prospects of valorization of peanut skin. The significance of the valorization of peanut skin is that it contains high antioxidant capacity, catechin, epicatechin resveratrol, and procyanidins, which are also advantageous. It could be exploited in sustainable extraction, notably in the pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Rahmana Putra
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Dwila Nur Rizkiyah
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azizi Che Yunus
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | | | - Irianto Irianto
- Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 114646, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jumakir Jumakir
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia
| | - Waluyo Waluyo
- National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia
| | | | - Lailatul Qomariyah
- Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
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Kaur S, Ubeyitogullari A. Extraction of phenolic compounds from rice husk via ethanol-water-modified supercritical carbon dioxide. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14196. [PMID: 36938479 PMCID: PMC10018476 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice husk, a rice processing byproduct generated in large quantities (∼20% of the grain weight), creates a major disposal problem for the rice industry. However, rice husk contains high-value bioactive compounds that can provide potential health benefits. The objective of this study was to extract high-value phenolic compounds from rice husk using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) technology. In this study, the effects of different extraction conditions, namely, temperature (40 and 60 °C), pressure (30 and 40 MPa), and ethanol concentration (15 and 25%, w/w) on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (AA) were investigated. The extraction of phenolic compounds was also studied using different SC-CO2 modifiers, i.e., ethanol and ethanol-water. The highest TPC, TFC, and AA were achieved with 30 MPa, 60 °C, and 25% ethanol-water (50%, v/v) cosolvent mixture as 1.29 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, 0.40 mg catechin equivalent (CE)/g, and 0.23 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, respectively. Increasing water content up to 50% (v/v) in the cosolvent significantly improved the extraction yield. p-Coumaric, ferulic, and syringic acids were the predominant phenolic acids in the extracts obtained by cosolvent-modified SC-CO2 and methanol extractions. In addition, ethanol-water-modified SC-CO2 increased rice husk's porosity, which could be a potential pretreatment to enhance cellulose extraction. Thus, ethanol-water-modified SC-CO2 can be utilized to recover polar bioactive compounds from food processing byproducts for developing functional foods while eliminating the use of toxic organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanjot Kaur
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
| | - Ali Ubeyitogullari
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72704, USA
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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Insight into Green Extraction for Roselle as a Source of Natural Red Pigments: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031336. [PMID: 36771003 PMCID: PMC9919762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is a source of anthocyanins as red pigments that is extensively farmed in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia, Malaysia, China, Thailand, Egypt, Mexico, and West India. The roselle plant contains a variety of nutrients, including anthocyanins, organic acids, pectin, etc. Due to the toxicity and combustibility of the solvents, traditional extraction methods for these compounds are restricted. Obtaining pure extracts is typically a lengthy procedure requiring many processes. Supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction as a green technology is rapidly improving and extending its application domains. The advantages of this method are zero waste production, quicker extraction times, and reduced solvent consumption. The ScCO2 extraction of natural pigments has great promise in food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and textiles, among other uses. The ScCO2 technique for natural pigments may also be advantageous in a variety of other contexts. Due to their minimal environmental risk, the high-quality red pigments of roselle rich in anthocyanins extracted using ScCO2 extraction have a high sustainability potential. Therefore, the objective of this review is to increase knowledge related to the natural colorant of roselle as a substitute for chemically manufactured colorants using ScCO2 as a green method. This article covers ScCO2 extraction, particularly as it relates to the optimization of pigments that promote health. This article focuses on the high extraction efficiency of ScCO2 extraction. Natural colorants extracted via ScCO2 are regarded as safe compounds, especially for human consumption, such as novel functional food additives and textile and pharmaceutical colors.
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Comparison of Alliin Recovery from Allium sativum L. Using Soxhlet Extraction and Subcritical Water Extraction. CHEMENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering6050073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an herbaceous plant and is recognised for its numerous medicinal and culinary properties, and it is used in diverse food preparations for its characteristic flavour and aroma. High alliin content increases the formation of allicin, a bioactive compound of garlic. Therefore, this research aimed to compare different extraction methods for garlic (Allium sativum L.) between subcritical water extraction (SWE) and Soxhlet extraction to obtain a high extraction yield and alliin content. The SWE conditions were 120 °C and 180 °C temperatures and 2 mL/min and 6 mL/min flow rates at a constant pressure of 15 MPa for a 10 min extraction time, respectively. In the meanwhile, the extraction time for Soxhlet extraction with various solvents, namely, distilled water, ethanol–water (1:1), and 100% ethanol, was two hours. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyse alliin. Soxhlet extraction had the best yield (1.96 g) using ethanol–water (1:1) as the solvent in comparison to SWE extraction (1.28 g) at 180 °C and 6 mL/min. In contrast, SWE yielded a greater concentration of alliin (136.82 mg/g) at 120 °C and 2 mL/min than the Soxhlet method when using distilled water as the solvent (65.18 mg/g). Therefore, SWE may replace Soxhlet extraction as the conventional method for extracting alliin from garlic at a high concentration, and SWE has advantages that favour garlic extracts.
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Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Sonication- and Maceration-Assisted Ethanol and Acetone Extracts of Cymbopogon citratus Leaves. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9090244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogon citratus is a medicinal and well-known aromatic plant which is usually used as a substitute for green-tea with extraordinary phytomedicinal potential. It is of great importance because it offers several promising health effects. The objective of the study was to investigate the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of lemongrass leaves extracted by maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques. Different concentrations of both acetone and ethanol (50% and 70%) as solvents were tested for their radical scavenging activity against the stable free radical DPPH in quantization using a spectrophotometric assay. The ultrasound-assisted extraction technique had advantageous results in the polyphenols extraction yield (26.68%), TPC (61 mg GAE/g of extract) and DPPH (73.85%) compared to the maceration technique. Overall, the results were significant from 50% ethanol and the DPPH results were more significant from 70% ethanol than other concentrations. It is concluded that the ultrasound-assisted extraction is a better extraction technique for polyphenols than other conventional techniques.
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Putra NR, Rizkiyah DN, Veza I, Jumakir J, Waluyo W, Suparwoto S, Qomariyah L, Yunus MAC. Solubilization and Extraction of Valuable Compounds from Peanut skin in Subcritical Water. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Rahmana Putra
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Dwila Nur Rizkiyah
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Ibham Veza
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Melaka Malaysia
| | - Jumakir Jumakir
- Assesment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) Jambi Indonesia
| | - Waluyo Waluyo
- Assesment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) Palembang Indonesia
| | | | - Lailatul Qomariyah
- Department of Industrial Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Mohd Azizi Che Yunus
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru Malaysia
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Rizkiyah DN, Jusoh WMSW, Idham Z, Putra NR, Che Yunus MA. Investigation of Phenolic, Flavonoid and Antioxidant Recovery and Solubility from Roselle Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Experimental and Modelling. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dwila Nur Rizkiyah
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor Bahru Campus Malaysia
| | - Wan Muhammad Syahir Wan Jusoh
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor Bahru Campus Malaysia
| | - Zuhaili Idham
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor Bahru Campus Malaysia
| | - Nicky Rahmana Putra
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor Bahru Campus Malaysia
| | - Mohd Azizi Che Yunus
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR) Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia UTM Johor Bahru Campus Malaysia
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9
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Da Silva HC, Paluch AS, Costa LT, De Almeida WB. Thermodynamic and structural description of relative solubility of the flavonoid rutin by DFT calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Putra NR, Rizkiyah DN, Abdul Aziz AH, Machmudah S, Jumakir J, Waluyo W, Che Yunus MA. Procyanidin and proanthocyanidin extraction from
Arachis hypogaea
skins by using supercritical carbon dioxide: Optimization and modeling. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Rahmana Putra
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Dwila Nur Rizkiyah
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Hazim Abdul Aziz
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Siti Machmudah
- Department of Chemical Engineering Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Jumakir Jumakir
- Assesment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) Jambi Jambi Indonesia
| | - Waluyo Waluyo
- Assesment Institute of Agricultural Technology (AIAT) Palembang Palembang Indonesia
| | - Mohd Azizi Che Yunus
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research (CLEAR), Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru Campus Johor Bahru Malaysia
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Mohd‐Nasir H, Putra NR, Chuo SC, Daud NM, Hartati H, Bakeri N, Ruslan MSH, Mohd‐Setapar SH, Ahmad A, Md Salleh L. Optimization of the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of
Quercus infectoria
galls extracts and its bioactivities. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasmida Mohd‐Nasir
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial ResearchUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
| | - Nicky R. Putra
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial ResearchUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
| | - Sing C. Chuo
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
| | - Nurizzati M. Daud
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial ResearchUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
| | - Hartati Hartati
- Biology Department Universitas Negeri Makassar Makassar Indonesia
| | - Norasyiqin Bakeri
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
| | - Mohamad S. H. Ruslan
- Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Siti H. Mohd‐Setapar
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial ResearchUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
- Malaysia‐Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- SHE Empire Sdn. Bhd Skudai Malaysia
| | - Akil Ahmad
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial ResearchUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
- SHE Empire Sdn. Bhd Skudai Malaysia
| | - Liza Md Salleh
- Centre of Lipid Engineering and Applied Research Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial ResearchUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Malaysia
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