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García-Valladares O, Domínguez-Niño A, Lucho-Gómez AM, Jiménez-Montiel AG, Rodríguez-Mendoza AS, Castillo-Téllez B, Luna-Flores M, Castillo-Téllez M. Mixed-Mode Solar Drying and its Effect on Physicochemical and Colorimetric Properties of Zompantle (Erythrina Americana). PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:194-201. [PMID: 38329613 PMCID: PMC10891242 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A mixed-mode solar drying was developed to evaluate the physicochemical and colorimetric properties of Zompantle (Erythrina americana). A 22-factorial design was used; the operation mode (mesh shade and direct) and airflow (natural convection and forced convection) were established as factors in this design. The initial moisture content in the Zompantle flower was reduced from 89.03% (w.b) to values that ranged from 3.84% to 5.84%; depending on the operation mode of the dryer, the final water activity ranged from 0.25 to 0.33. The Zompantle's components as proteins (4.28%), antioxidant activity (18.8%), carbohydrates (4.83%), fat (0.92%), fiber (3.71%), ash (0.94%), and total soluble solids (3°Brix) increased as the water was evaporated during the drying. The increment in the Zompantle's components depends on the operation mode; in direct mode and natural convection, the proteins, antioxidant activity, carbohydrates, fat, fiber, ash, and total soluble solids were 6.99%, 61.69%, 79.05%, 1.20%, 3.84%, 8.70%, and 45 °Brix, respectively. The total drying efficiency was 14.84% with the direct mode and natural convection (DM-NC) and 17.10% with the mesh shade and natural convection (MS-NC). The Hue angle measures the property of the color; the indirect mode and natural convection keep the hue angle close to the initial value (29.2 °). The initial chroma value of the Zompantle flower was 55.07; the indirect mode and natural convection kept high saturation (37.58); these dry conditions ensured a red color in the dehydrated Zompantle. Dehydrated Zompantle's flowers could have several practical applications, such as an additive in traditional Mexican cuisine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio García-Valladares
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Domínguez-Niño
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico.
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencia y Tecnología-Cátedra CONAHCYT, Dirección Adjunta de Desarrollo Científico, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Ana María Lucho-Gómez
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Beatriz Castillo-Téllez
- Departamento de Agua y Energía, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Luna-Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Procesos Bioalimentarios, Universidad Tecnológica del Centro de Veracruz, Cuitláhuac, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Margarita Castillo-Téllez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, San Francisco de Campeche, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
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García-Valladares O, Lucho-Gómez AM, Montiel-Baltazar EA, Castañeda-Vázquez M, Ortiz-Sánchez CA, Castillo-Téllez B, Luna-Solano G, Domínguez-Niño A. Effect of Modified Solar Dryers on Colorimetric and Physicochemical Properties of Pumpkin Flower (Cucurbita maxima). PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 78:139-145. [PMID: 36370292 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01032-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the solar dryers' cover material effects on the colorimetric and physicochemical properties of pumpkin flowers (Cucurbita maxima). A direct cabinet solar dryer was designed using three cover types: polycarbonate, polyethylene, and aluminum with selective surface (titanium oxide coating). A unifactorial experimental design with three levels was adopted. Pumpkin flower stability was assured by reducing the initial moisture content (95.22%) and water activity (0.989) to 3.15% and 0.276 in the polycarbonate dryer, to 3.03% and 0.279 in the selective surface dryer, and 5.19% and 0.364 in the polyethylene dryer. The drying kinetics showed that the drying time needed to achieve the moisture equilibrium was 480, 540, and 720 min in the respective dryers, depending on the ambient conditions. The initial pumpkin flower hue angle was 76.52°; however, this value decreased to 74.81, 69.52, and 70.23° in the dryers with polycarbonate, polyethylene, and the selective surface respectively; this behavior indicates a pumpkin flower tendency to orange color. The dryer with the selective surface obtained the best properties in pumpkin flowers. The pumpkin flower showed an initial total soluble solid of 1.5°Brix increased to 30°Brix in the polycarbonate and polyethylene dryers and 39°Brix in the selective dryer. The titanium oxide dryer observed an increment in ascorbic acid content from 3.5 to 8.806 mg/100 g, whereas 6.45 and 5.87 mg/100 g in the polycarbonate and polyethylene dryer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio García-Valladares
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, México
| | - Ana María Lucho-Gómez
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, México
| | | | - Marian Castañeda-Vázquez
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, México
| | | | - Beatriz Castillo-Téllez
- Departamento de Agua Y Energía, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá, Jalisco, México.
| | - Guadalupe Luna-Solano
- División de Estudios de Posgrado E Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, Orizaba, Veracruz, México
| | - Alfredo Domínguez-Niño
- Departamento de Sistemas Energéticos, Instituto de Energías Renovables-UNAM, Temixco, Morelos, México.
- Dirección Adjunta de Desarrollo Científico, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia Y Tecnología-Cátedra CONACYT, Mexico City, Mexico.
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