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Spitz L, Saadiq S, Shokar NK, Zuckerman MJ, Casner NA, Valenzuela R, Salinas JJ. Characterization of an At-Risk Population for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in a Primary Care Setting Along the U.S.-Mexico Border. J Transcult Nurs 2024:10436596241271265. [PMID: 39189342 DOI: 10.1177/10436596241271265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine the burden of suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in a predominantly Hispanic patient population and explore the utility of the American Gastroenterological Association's NAFLD Clinical Care Pathway (CCP). METHODOLOGY Electronic medical records (n = 223) were used to divide patients into risk groups based on the amount of metabolic risk factors they presented, diabetic status, or if they presented other liver diseases. Fribosis-4 (FIB-4) scores were used to determine the risk for advanced fibrosis. RESULTS Most patients (83.8%) were considered at risk for NAFLD based on CCP criteria, and about a third of patients (33.2%) were found to be at indeterminate (n = 60; 26.9%) or high risk (n = 14; 6.3%) for advanced fibrosis. Most indeterminate-risk patients (78.3%) were not referred for liver imaging. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates the potential of the CCP as a corrective tool that could help to better identify and screen patients at risk for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Spitz
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA
| | - Stefan Saadiq
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA
| | | | | | - Nancy A Casner
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA
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Thorhauge KH, Semmler G, Johansen S, Lindvig KP, Kjærgaard M, Hansen JK, Torp N, Hansen CD, Andersen P, Hofer BS, Gu W, Israelsen M, Mandorfer M, Reiberger T, Trebicka J, Thiele M, Krag A. Using liver stiffness to predict and monitor the risk of decompensation and mortality in patients with alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol 2024; 81:23-32. [PMID: 38428644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) is recommended for disease prognostication and monitoring. We evaluated if LSM, using transient elastography, and LSM changes predict decompensation and mortality in patients with alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). METHODS We performed an observational cohort study of compensated patients at risk of ALD from Denmark and Austria. We evaluated the risk of decompensation and all-cause mortality, stratified for compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD: baseline LSM ≥10 kPa) and LSM changes after a median of 2 years. In patients with cACLD, we defined LSM changes as (A) LSM increase ≥20% ("cACLD increasers") and (B) follow-up LSM <10 kPa or <20 kPa with LSM decrease ≥20% ("cACLD decreasers"). In patients without cACLD, we defined follow-up LSM ≥10 kPa as an LSM increase ("No cACLD increasers"). The remaining patients were considered LSM stable. RESULTS We followed 536 patients for 3,008 patient-years-median age 57 years (IQR 49-63), baseline LSM 8.1 kPa (IQR 4.9-21.7)-371 patients (69%) had follow-up LSM after a median of 25 months (IQR 17-38), 41 subsequently decompensated and 55 died. Of 125 with cACLD at baseline, 14% were "cACLD increasers" and 43% "cACLD decreasers", while 13% of patients without cACLD were "No cACLD increasers" (n = 33/246). Baseline LSM, follow-up LSM and LSM changes accurately predicted decompensation (C-index: baseline LSM 0.85; follow-up LSM 0.89; LSM changes 0.85) and mortality (C-index: baseline LSM 0.74; follow-up LSM 0.74; LSM changes 0.70). When compared to "cACLD decreasers", "cACLD increasers" had significantly lower decompensation-free survival and higher risks of decompensation (subdistribution hazard ratio 4.39, p = 0.004) and mortality (hazard ratio 3.22, p = 0.01). CONCLUSION LSM by transient elastography predicts decompensation and all-cause mortality in patients with compensated ALD both at diagnosis and when used for monitoring. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Patients at risk of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) are at significant risk of progressive disease and adverse outcomes. Monitoring is essential for optimal disease surveillance and patient guidance, but non-invasive monitoring tools are lacking. In this study we demonstrate that liver stiffness measurement (LSM), using transient elastography, and LSM changes after a median of 2 years, can predict decompensation and all-cause mortality in patients at risk of ALD with and without compensated advanced chronic liver disease. These findings are in line with results from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis C and primary sclerosing cholangitis, and support the clinical utility of LSM, using transient elastography, for disease prognostication and monitoring in chronic liver diseases including ALD, as recommended by the Baveno VII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrine Holtz Thorhauge
- Fibrosis, Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis Research Center Odense (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Georg Semmler
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stine Johansen
- Fibrosis, Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis Research Center Odense (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Katrine Prier Lindvig
- Fibrosis, Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis Research Center Odense (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Kjærgaard
- Fibrosis, Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis Research Center Odense (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Johanne Kragh Hansen
- Fibrosis, Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis Research Center Odense (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nikolaj Torp
- Fibrosis, Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis Research Center Odense (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Camilla Dalby Hansen
- Fibrosis, Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis Research Center Odense (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Fibrosis, Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis Research Center Odense (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Benedikt Silvester Hofer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wenyi Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Münster University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mads Israelsen
- Fibrosis, Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis Research Center Odense (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mattias Mandorfer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Reiberger
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23 A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Münster University Hospital, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maja Thiele
- Fibrosis, Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis Research Center Odense (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Aleksander Krag
- Fibrosis, Fatty Liver and Steatohepatitis Research Center Odense (FLASH), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Kaplan DE, Ripoll C, Thiele M, Fortune BE, Simonetto DA, Garcia-Tsao G, Bosch J. AASLD Practice Guidance on risk stratification and management of portal hypertension and varices in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2024; 79:1180-1211. [PMID: 37870298 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David E Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Gastroenterology Section, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Cristina Ripoll
- Internal Medicine IV, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Maja Thiele
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Brett E Fortune
- Department of Gastroenterology, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Douglas A Simonetto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jaime Bosch
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS) and CIBERehd, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a persistent public health burden, with over one billion cases reported worldwide. In most cases, the progression of CLD is slow and undulating with end-stage liver disease developing at variable time points depending on the underlying etiology of the disease. The concept of reversibility or halting progression to end stage liver disease is recent and various medications are in the pipeline which influence the progression of CLD. Non-invasive tests for monitoring of CLD may have the potential to avoid the morbidity and mortality related to invasive procedures. However, their applicability and validation in pediatrics requires further development and a coordinated effort by large pediatric liver centres. Recent advances in metabolomics and modern molecular technologies have led to an understanding of the interaction between gut microbiome liver axis and gut dysbiosis contributing to liver diseases. In the future, modifying the gut microbiome has the potential to change the outcome and significantly reduce the morbidity associated with CLD. This article focuses on newer modalities and concepts in the management of CLD, which may help develop strategies to prevent its progression to end-stage liver disease and associated morbidity/mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezyana Effandie
- Liver Unit (Including Small Bowel Transplantation), Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Girish L Gupte
- Liver Unit (Including Small Bowel Transplantation), Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK.
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Wan L, Hu C, Wang F, Xu K, Li F, He B, Wu Z, Luo L, Wen Z. Evaluation of the efficacy of Biejia decoction pill combined with entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B liver fibrosis/cirrhosis by VCTE. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19616. [PMID: 37949927 PMCID: PMC10638370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE) technique was used to assess the effectiveness of a Biejia Decoction pill in combination with Entecavir in the treatment of hepatitis B liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. We randomly selected 120 patients to receive entecavir and 119 patients to receive both entecavir and Biejia Decoction Pill, which both with hepatitis B liver fibrosis/cirrhosis visited the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University between January 2019 and February 2022. The observation group got ETV (entecavir) and Biejia Decoction pills, whereas the control group received only standard ETV antiviral medication. Based on the grading of the VCTE detection value (LSM) initially diagnosed for patients with hepatitis B liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, we divided the patients into two subgroups of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. In addition, patients with liver fibrosis were divided into mild and moderate subgroups according to their VCTE values. Patients were measured for liver hardness after three, six, nine, and twelve months of treatment with VCTE. Biejia Decoction Pill combined with ETV on HBV liver fibrosis/cirrhosis was evaluated by comparing patients' changes in liver hardness and HBV-DNA negative conversion rates before and after treatment in each group at the same baseline. The LSM (liver elasticity value) of the observation group and the control group after treatment was lower than that before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001); The LSM of the observation group after treatment was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the difference was also statistically significant (P = 0.0005 < 0.05). In the subgroup of liver fibrosis, the number of patients with moderate and severe liver fibrosis who completely reversed liver fibrosis after treatment in the treatment group was far more than that in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.82 P = 0.028 < 0.05) 。 When the treatment course was more than 9 months, the negative conversion rate of patients in the observation group reached 87.4%, which was higher than that in the control group (70.8%), and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002 < 0.05); After 12 months of treatment, the negative conversion rate of patients in the observation group was as high as 95%, which was significantly higher than 76.67% in the control group (P < 0.001). The degree of liver fibrosis was significantly improved when Biejia Decoction Pill was combined with ETV in patients with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis due to hepatitis B. The virological response rate to HBV-DNA increased with the prolongation of treatment, and the Biejia Decoction Pill assists with entecavir in antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chungen Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fenfen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kedong Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo He
- Department of Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhengqiang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linfei Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhili Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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Xu H, Li X, Wu Z, Zhao L, Shen J, Liu J, Qin J, Shen Y, Ke J, Wei Y, Li J, Gao Y. LECT2, A Novel and Direct Biomarker of Liver Fibrosis in Patients With CHB. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:749648. [PMID: 34631799 PMCID: PMC8492992 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.749648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with severe liver fibrosis would be more likely to progress to a poorer prognosis. Treatment is considered once the liver fibrosis reaches significant liver fibrosis (≥S2). Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2 (LECT2) has been shown to contribute to liver fibrosis progression. No research has focused on the role of LECT2 in liver fibrosis in CHB patients. This study enrolled 227 CHB patients and divided them into the training group (n = 147) and validation group (n = 80), respectively. The expression of LECT2 in serum, protein and mRNA of the human liver tissues was detected to analyze the possible associations between LECT2 and liver fibrosis. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to estimate the efficacy of LECT2 for predicting liver fibrosis. The data showed that there was a positive relationship between LECT2 and the progression of liver fibrosis. In the training group, LECT2 was demonstrated to have better effectiveness than APRI and FIB-4. The AUC was 0.861, 0.698, and 0.734 for significant liver fibrosis, and 0.855, 0.769, and 0.752 for advanced liver fibrosis. Besides, the efficacy of LECT2 in different statuses of patients with CHB was examined and the effectiveness of LECT2 had also been confirmed in the validation group. All the results confirmed that LECT2 could act as a perfect predictor and thus offers a novel and direct biomarker to estimate liver fibrosis more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghai Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xutong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zihao Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Forth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Linyan Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiapei Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiangfeng Qin
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanlong Shen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Department of Hospital Infection Prevention and Control, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jiabin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yufeng Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Liu L, Nie Y, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhu X. Liver Stiffness Is a Predictor of Rebleeding in Patients With Hepatitis B-Related Cirrhosis: A Real-World Cohort Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:690825. [PMID: 34395474 PMCID: PMC8355367 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.690825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Esophageal vein rebleeding is a life-threatening complication of liver cirrhosis. However, the role of non-invasive methods that were developed to evaluate the severity of chronic liver disease, especially in rebleeding, remains unclear. Aims: To evaluate the performance of liver stiffness and non-invasive fibrosis scores in predicting esophageal vein rebleeding in hepatitis B virus (HBV) cirrhotic patients. Methods: A prospective analysis of 194 HBV patients between 2017 and 2021 was performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and time-dependent ROC curves were used to assess the power for predicting rebleeding with non-invasive fibrosis score and liver stiffness. Results: During the median follow-up time of 68.28 weeks, 55 patients experienced rebleeding. In the entire cohort, the area under the ROC curve for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) predicting for rebleeding was 0.837, with a cut-off value of 17.79 kPa, and the time-dependent ROC curve also showed stable prediction performance of LSM. The predictive ability of the non-invasive fibrosis score was less than that of LSM, and there were statistical differences. Moreover, patients using non-selective beta-blockers and HBV DNA-negative patients experienced significantly reduced rebleeding. Conclusions: Compared with non-invasive fibrosis scores, LSM can more simply and accurately predict rebleeding events of hepatitis B liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuan Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Kirkegaard-Klitbo DM, Bendtsen F, Lundgren J, Nielsen SD, Benfield T. Poor Concordance Between Liver Stiffness and Noninvasive Fibrosis Scores in HIV Infection Without Viral Hepatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:3049-3050. [PMID: 31648031 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are at higher risk of liver fibrosis compared with the general population. As liver fibrosis is independently associated with poor long-term liver related outcomes and mortality,1 early detection is extremely important. Liver biopsy is considered gold standard for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. However, this invasive procedure is only suitable for a selected group of patients because of the risk of serious complications. We aimed to estimate the concordance between vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and simple noninvasive liver fibrosis scores-Fibrosis-4 index (FIB4), aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS)-in PLWH without viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flemming Bendtsen
- Gastrounit, Medical Division, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jens Lundgren
- Center of Excellence for Health, Immunity and Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Dam Nielsen
- Viro-immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Benfield
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Loomba R, Adams LA. Advances in non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Gut 2020; 69:1343-1352. [PMID: 32066623 PMCID: PMC7945956 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis should be assessed in all individuals with chronic liver disease as it predicts the risk of future liver-related morbidity and thus need for treatment, monitoring and surveillance. Non-invasive fibrosis tests (NITs) overcome many limitations of liver biopsy and are now routinely incorporated into specialist clinical practice. Simple serum-based tests (eg, Fibrosis Score 4, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Fibrosis Score) consist of readily available biochemical surrogates and clinical risk factors for liver fibrosis (eg, age and sex). These have been extensively validated across a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, however, tend to be less accurate than more 'complex' serum tests, which incorporate direct measures of fibrogenesis or fibrolysis (eg, hyaluronic acid, N-terminal propeptide of type three collagen). Elastography methods quantify liver stiffness as a marker of fibrosis and are more accurate than simple serum NITs, however, suffer increasing rates of unreliability with increasing obesity. MR elastography appears more accurate than sonographic elastography and is not significantly impacted by obesity but is costly with limited availability. NITs are valuable for excluding advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, however, are not sufficiently predictive when used in isolation. Combining serum and elastography techniques increases diagnostic accuracy and can be used as screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. Unfortunately, NITs have not yet been demonstrated to accurately reflect fibrosis change in response to treatment, limiting their role in disease monitoring. However, recent studies have demonstrated lipidomic, proteomic and gut microbiome profiles as well as microRNA signatures to be promising techniques for fibrosis assessment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Epidemiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Leon A Adams
- Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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Wu S, Tseng Y, Xu N, Yin X, Xie X, Zhang L, Wu W, Zhu W, Wu W, Yao J, Wu Y. Evaluation of transient elastography in assessing liver fibrosis in patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica. Parasitol Int 2018; 67:302-308. [PMID: 29355611 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains an important public health issue. The presence and extent of liver fibrosis are associated with disease progression and prognosis. The study is aimed at exploring the value of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by transient elastography in assessing liver fibrosis in patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica. Seventy-three patients were consecutively recruited for the purpose of this study. The correlation between noninvasive parameters and histological fibrosis stages was analyzed and an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to assess diagnostic efficacy. Our results demonstrated that there are significant differences between LSM values of patients with different stages of fibrosis (F1 vs. F2, F2 vs. F3 and F3 vs. F4, P<0.01). The AUROC values of LSM in detecting significant fibrosis (F≥2), advanced fibrosis (F≥3) and cirrhosis (F=4) were 0.96, 0.90, and 0.92 respectively. The optimal cut-off LSM values were 8.0kPa, 9.5kPa, and 18.0kPa for significant fibrosis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. Based on differences between AUROC values, LSM was proven to be superior to several serum models in detecting advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that LSM is a reliable parameter for assessing risk of liver fibrosis in patients with advanced schistosomiasis japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujen Tseng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Nuo Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinguang Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Xinsheng Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Department of Schistosomiasis Japonica, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Wanxin Wu
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Wenlin Wu
- Department of Schistosomiasis Japonica, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Jiankang Yao
- Department of Science and Education, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China
| | - Yiming Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China; Department of Schistosomiasis Japonica, First Hospital of Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, China.
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