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Jiang YK, Li W, Qiu YY, Yue M. Advances in targeted therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive in advanced gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2024; 16:2318-2334. [DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v16.i6.2318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging therapeutic methods represented by targeted therapy are effective supplements to traditional first-line chemoradiotherapy resistance. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the most important targets in targeted therapy for gastric cancer. Trastuzumab combined with chemotherapy has been used as the first-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. The safety and efficacy of pertuzumab and margetuximab in the treatment of gastric cancer have been verified. However, monoclonal antibodies, due to their large molecular weight, inability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, and drug resistance, lead to decreased therapeutic efficacy, so it is necessary to explore the efficacy of other HER2-targeting therapies in gastric cancer. Small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as lapatinib and pyrrotinib, have the advantages of small molecular weight, penetrating the blood-brain barrier and high oral bioavailability, and are expected to become the drugs of choice for perioperative treatment and neoadjuvant therapy of gastric cancer after validation by large-scale clinical trials in the future. Antibo-drug conjugate, such as T-DM1 and T-DXd, can overcome the resistance of monoclonal antibodies despite their different mechanisms of tumor killing, and are a supplement for the treatment of patients who have failed the treatment of monoclonal antibodies such as trastuzumab. Therefore, after more detailed stratification of gastric cancer patients, various gastric cancer drugs targeting HER2 are expected to play a more significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Kun Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Health Management Center, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying-Yang Qiu
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Meng Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
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Gao W, Zhou J, Morshedi M. MicroRNA-34 and gastrointestinal cancers: a player with big functions. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:163. [PMID: 38725047 PMCID: PMC11084024 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03338-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
It is commonly assumed that gastrointestinal cancer is the most common form of cancer across the globe and is the leading contributor to cancer-related death. The intricate mechanisms underlying the growth of GI cancers have been identified. It is worth mentioning that both non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and certain types of RNA, such as circular RNAs (circRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), can have considerable impact on the development of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. As a tumour suppressor, in the group of short non-coding regulatory RNAs is miR-34a. miR-34a silences multiple proto-oncogenes at the post-transcriptional stage by targeting them, which inhibits all physiologically relevant cell proliferation pathways. However, it has been discovered that deregulation of miR-34a plays important roles in the growth of tumors and the development of cancer, including invasion, metastasis, and the tumor-associated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Further understanding of miR-34a's molecular pathways in cancer is also necessary for the development of precise diagnoses and effective treatments. We outlined the most recent research on miR-34a functions in GI cancers in this review. Additionally, we emphasize the significance of exosomal miR-34 in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Mohammadamin Morshedi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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Zeng D, Wang X, Zhang S, Zheng A, Huang Q, Cao L. Pyroptosis-related gene-based prognostic signature for predicting the overall survival of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. Front Surg 2022; 9:903271. [PMID: 36061051 PMCID: PMC9437919 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.903271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer worldwide. Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death mediated by caspase, accompanied by an inflammatory response, and plays an important role in cancer progression. The purpose of this study was to explore and identify potential biomarkers and further elucidate the potential role of cell pyroptosis in OSCC. Methods We regarded the samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database as a training dataset, screened differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and further screened out OSCC phenotypic characteristic genes by using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The analysis of 42 known pyroptosis-related genes showed that Psuch genes were widely expressed, mutated, and methylated in OSCC samples. Results Through correlation analysis, we identified our OSCC pyroptosis-related DEGs. To further evaluate the prognostic value of pyroptosis-related regulators, we constructed a seven gene-based prognostic signature using Cox univariate analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression analysis. Meanwhile, we found that patients in the low-risk group had higher immune infiltration. Moreover, our results also indicated significant differences in sensitivity to cisplatin and gefitinib between the high-risk and low-risk groups. Conclusion Our study successfully constructed the pyroptosis-related prognostic signature, which might play a potential prediction role in OSCC prognosis. Our findings also suggested that pyroptosis-related regulators might be novel biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and treatment in OSCC.
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Han X, Chen J. KAT2A affects tumor metabolic reprogramming in colon cancer progression through epigenetic activation of E2F1. Hum Cell 2022; 35:1140-1158. [PMID: 35581525 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acetyltransferase 2 A (KAT2A) has been implicated in tumorigenesis; nevertheless, the mechanism underlying its tumor-initiating effect remains elusive. In the present study, we aimed to identify the possible role of KAT2A in regulating metabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, in colon cancer (CC). KAT2A was found to be overexpressed in CC and correlated with metastases. KAT2A induced proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of CC cells, along with elevated cellular glycolytic capacity and mitochondrial stress. Functional enrichment analyses predicted and ChIP assays verified that KAT2A activated E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) by modifying the acetylation of H3K9. Rescue experiments revealed that E2F1 downregulation inhibited cellular activity, aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in CC in the presence of KAT2A. Moreover, KAT2A/E2F1 promoted tumorigenic activity and lung metastases of CC cells in mice. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the substantial role of KAT2A in the modulation of post-translational modifications of E2F1 in CC, suggesting that knockdown of KAT2A may be a potential strategy for CC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Han
- Department of General Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100043, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 5 Jingyuan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100043, People's Republic of China.
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Liu D, Liu W, Chen X, Yin J, Ma L, Liu M, Zhou X, Xian L, Li P, Tan X, Zhao J, Liao Y, Cao G. circKCNN2 suppresses the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma at least partially via regulating miR-520c-3p/methyl-DNA-binding domain protein 2 axis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e662. [PMID: 35051313 PMCID: PMC8775140 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence is the major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) death. We aimed to identify circular RNA (circRNA) with predictive and therapeutic value for recurrent HCC. METHODS Tissue samples from recurrent and non-recurrent HCC patients were subjected to circRNA sequencing and transcriptome sequencing. circKCNN2 was identified through multi-omics analyses. The effects of circKCNN2 on HCC were evaluated in cells, animals, database of The Cancer Genome Atlas, and a cohort with 130 HCC patients. circRNA precipitation, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, RNA pull-down, luciferase assay, and cell experiments were applied to evaluate the interaction of circKCNN2 with miRNAs and proteins. The association between circKCNN2 and the therapeutic effect of lenvatinib was investigated in HCC cell lines and HCC tissue-derived organoids. RESULTS The expression of circKCNN2 was downregulated in HCC tissues and predicted a favorable overall survival and recurrence-free survival. The expression of circKCNN2 was positively correlated with the parental gene, potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member (KCNN2). Nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha (NFYA) was proven to inhibit the promoter activity of KCNN2, downregulate the expression of KCNN2 and circKCNN2, and predict an unfavorable recurrence-free survival. Ectopic expression of circKCNN2 inhibited HCC cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and tumor formation in a mouse model. miR-520c-3p sponged by circKCNN2 could reverse the inhibitory effect of circKCNN2 on HCC cells and down-regulate the expression of methyl-DNA-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2). The intratumoral expression of MBD2 predicted a favorable recurrence-free survival. circKCNN2 down-regulated the expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), which can be reversed by miR-520c-3p and knockdown of MBD2. Lenvatinib inhibited the expression of FGFR4 and upregulated the expression of circKCNN2 and MBD2. Ectopic expression of circKCNN2 in HCC cells enhanced the therapeutic effect of lenvatinib. However, the high inherent level of circKCNN2 in HCC cells was associated with lenvatinib resistance. CONCLUSIONS circKCNN2, transcriptionally repressed by NFYA, suppresses HCC recurrence via the miR-520c-3p/MBD2 axis. Inherent level of circKCNN2 in HCC cells predisposes anti-tumor effect of lenvatinib possibly because both circKCNN2 and lenvatinib repress the expression of FGFR4. circKCNN2 may be a promising predictive biomarker and therapeutic agent for HCC recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious DiseasesMinistry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute for Viral HepatitisChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jianhua Yin
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Longteng Ma
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyu Zhou
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Linfeng Xian
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Peng Li
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaojie Tan
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Hepatic SurgeryEastern Hepatobiliary Surgery HospitalSecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious DiseasesMinistry of EducationChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Institute for Viral HepatitisChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
- Department of Infectious Diseasesthe Second Affiliated HospitalChongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Guangwen Cao
- Department of EpidemiologySecond Military Medical UniversityShanghaiChina
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Chen D, Ping S, Xu Y, Wang M, Jiang X, Xiong L, Zhang L, Yu H, Xiong Z. Non-Coding RNAs in Gastric Cancer: From Malignant Hallmarks to Clinical Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:732036. [PMID: 34805143 PMCID: PMC8595133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.732036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric carcinogenesis remain largely unknown. Over the past decades, advances in RNA-sequencing techniques have greatly facilitated the identification of various non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer cells, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Accumulating evidence has revealed that ncRNAs are essential regulators in GC occurrence and development. However, ncRNAs represent an emerging field of cancer research, and their complex functionality remains to be clarified. Considering the lack of viable biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GC, further studies should focus on elucidating the intricate relationships between ncRNAs and GC, which can be translated into clinical practice. In this review, we summarize recent research progress on how ncRNAs modulate the malignant hallmarks of GC, especially in tumor immune escape, drug resistance, and stemness. We also discuss the promising applications of ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GC, aiming to validate their practical value for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Ping
- Department of Orthopaedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yushuang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lina Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Honglu Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifan Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Xu H, Zhao B, Zhong W, Teng P, Qiao H. Identification of miRNA Signature Associated With Erectile Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination. Front Genet 2021; 12:762136. [PMID: 34707644 PMCID: PMC8542849 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic mellitus erectile dysfunction (DMED) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), which seriously affects the self-esteem and quality of life of diabetics. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs whose expression levels can affect multiple cellular processes. Many pieces of studies have demonstrated that miRNA plays a role in the occurrence and development of DMED. However, the exact mechanism of this process is unclear. Hence, we apply miRNA sequencing from blood samples of 10 DMED patients and 10 DM controls to study the mechanisms of miRNA interactions in DMED patients. Firstly, we found four characteristic miRNAs as signature by the SVM-RFE method (hsa-let-7E-5p, hsa-miR-30 days-5p, hsa-miR-199b-5p, and hsa-miR-342–3p), called DMEDSig-4. Subsequently, we correlated DMEDSig-4 with clinical factors and further verified the ability of these miRNAs to classify samples. Finally, we functionally verified the relationship between DMEDSig-4 and DMED by pathway enrichment analysis of miRNA and its target genes. In brief, our study found four key miRNAs, which may be the key influencing factors of DMED. Meanwhile, the DMEDSig-4 could help in the development of new therapies for DMED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
| | - Baoyin Zhao
- The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
| | - Wei Zhong
- The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
| | - Peng Teng
- The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Wen Z, Chen M, Guo W, Guo K, Du P, Fang Y, Gao M, Wang Q. RORβ suppresses the stemness of gastric cancer cells by downregulating the activity of the Wnt signaling pathway. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:180. [PMID: 34278502 PMCID: PMC8273683 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality and the fifth most common type of cancer worldwide. GC stem cells (GCSCs) have been reported to be responsible for the malignant behavior of GC. However, the key molecular mechanism controlling GCSC function remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the function of retinoic acid-related orphan receptor β (RORβ) in GC. The expression levels of RORβ in GC cells and clinical GC tissues were analyzed using western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry. The association between RORβ expression levels and GCSC markers was analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and GeneChip was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between control and RORβ-overexpressing GC cells. CCK-8 and flow cytometric assays were used to evaluate the effect of RORβ on cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. The effect of RORβ on the self-renewal capacity of GCSCs was measured using a sphere formation assay, the expression levels of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) factors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors were measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting, and the tumorigenic capacity was measured by an in vivo mouse model. Finally, the impact of RORβ on the Wnt signaling pathway was determined using western blotting and a TOP/FOP flash assay. The results revealed that the expression levels of RORβ were downregulated in GC tissues compared with para-carcinoma tissues, and were inversely associated with the expression levels of GCSC markers. The overexpression of RORβ upregulated the expression levels of the pro-apoptotic gene, Bcl-2 like protein 11, which subsequently inhibited the viability and promoted the apoptosis of GC cells. In addition, RORβ decreased the sphere forming ability, and downregulated the expression levels of iPS cell- and EMT-related factors. In vivo, RORβ suppressed the tumorigenic capacity and stemness of GC cells. Mechanistically, RORβ was revealed to decrease the activity of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in GCSCs. In conclusion, the findings of the present study identified RORβ as a novel suppressor of GCSCs and highlighted the prospect of RORβ as a novel candidate target for stem cell-based GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Wenhao Guo
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Ke Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Ping Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yanfei Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310016, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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