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Ebrahimi S, Ellery SJ, Leech RM, van der Pligt PF. Associations between diet quality and dietary patterns and gestational diabetes mellitus in a low-risk cohort of pregnant women in Australia: a cross-sectional study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:503-513. [PMID: 38193638 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence of associations between the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in pregnant women is limited. This study examined changes in MDS and DASH and dietary patterns in Australian pregnant women between early and late pregnancy and their associations with GDM. METHODS The data from n = 284 participants were analysed. Diet quality indices and empirical dietary patterns were determined in early (15 ± 3 weeks gestation) and late pregnancy (35 ± 2 weeks gestation). Paired t-tests were used to examine changes in scores for diet quality indices and dietary patterns from early to late pregnancy. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between GDM, diet quality indices and dietary patterns. RESULTS Three major dietary patterns were identified at early pregnancy. The first and second dietary patterns included unhealthier and healthier food groups, respectively, and the third comprised mixed food groups. Although diet quality scores did not change over time, consumption of the first dietary pattern increased (p = 0.01), and consumption of the second dietary pattern decreased by late pregnancy in women without GDM (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION No associations between DASH score, MDS and GDM were found; however an inverse association was observed between the first dietary pattern and GDM in late pregnancy (p = 0.023). Longitudinal studies are needed to examine diet quality and dietary patterns at early and late pregnancy to inform the development of tailored dietary advice for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ebrahimi
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stacey J Ellery
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca M Leech
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paige F van der Pligt
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Nutrition, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia
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van der Pligt PF, Ebrahimi S, Kuswara K, Abbott GR, McNaughton SA, Islam SMS, Ellery SJ. Associations of adherence to the DASH diet and Mediterranean diet with maternal c-reactive protein levels during pregnancy. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:672-680. [PMID: 38172005 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) during pregnancy, a marker of inflammation, is associated with adverse outcomes. Better understanding the relationship between CRP and modifiable factors, including diet, is essential to assist early pregnancy lifestyle interventions. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (DASH-diet) and the Mediterranean diet (MED-diet) during pregnancy with maternal plasma CRP in early and late pregnancy. METHODS AND RESULTS Secondary analysis of the Creatine and Pregnancy Outcomes (CPO) study was undertaken. Women (n = 215) attending antenatal clinics through Monash Health, Melbourne were recruited at 10-20 weeks gestation. Medical history and blood samples were collected at 5 antenatal visits. Adapted DASH-diet and MED-diet scores were calculated from Food Frequency Questionnaires completed at early ([mean ± SD]) (15 ± 3 weeks) and late (36 ± 1 week) pregnancy. CRP was measured in maternal plasma samples collected at the same time points. Adjusted linear regression models assessed associations of early-pregnancy DASH and MED-diet scores with early and late pregnancy plasma CRP. There were no statistically significant changes in DASH-diet score from early (23.5 ± 4.8) to late (23.5 ± 5.2) pregnancy (p = 0.97) or MED-diet score from early (3.99 ± 1.6) to late pregnancy (4.08 ± 1.8) (p = 0.41). At early-pregnancy, there was an inverse relationship between DASH-diet scores and MED-diet scores with plasma CRP; (β = -0.04 [95%CI = -0.07, -0.00], p = 0.044), (β = -0.12 [95%CI = -0.21, -0.02], p = 0.023). CONCLUSION Adherence to the DASH-diet and MED-diet during early pregnancy may be beneficial in reducing inflammation. Assessment of maternal dietary patterns may assist development of preventive strategies, including dietary modification, to optimise maternal cardiometabolic health in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige F van der Pligt
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia; Department of Nutrition, Western Health, Footscray, Australia.
| | - Sara Ebrahimi
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Konsita Kuswara
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Gavin R Abbott
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Sarah A McNaughton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
| | - Stacey J Ellery
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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