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Alzeer M, AlJameel A, Rosing K, Øzhayat E. The association between oral health literacy and oral health-related behaviours among female adolescents in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:1035-1042. [PMID: 39035552 PMCID: PMC11255937 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Oral health literacy (OHL) is suggested as an important denominator of oral health. This study aimed to identify ways to improve oral health by exploring the association between oral health literacy and oral health-related behaviours among female adolescents in the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods This cross-sectional study assessed OHL among 1,889 10th grade female students in the Eastern Province of the KSA. OHL was assessed using an Arabic version of the short version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (A-HeLD-14). Self-reported socio-demographic information and oral health-related behaviours (toothbrushing, dental attendance, and sugary diet consumption) were also collected. The relationship between OHL and oral health-related behaviours was investigated using binary logistic regression, adjusted for socio-demographic information. Results The binary logistic regression analyses showed that poor OHL was significantly associated with infrequent toothbrushing (p < 0.001) and irregular dental attendance (p = 0.005) but not with consumption of sugary diets. All A-HeLD-14 domains were significantly associated with infrequent toothbrushing, and the domains concerning access, receptivity, and financial barriers were significantly associated with irregular dental attendance. The highest odds ratios (ORs) for infrequent toothbrushing were found in the domains of receptivity (OR = 4.19) and understanding (OR = 3.85) and for irregular dental attendance in the financial barriers (OR = 1.61) and access (OR = 1.49) domains, followed by the receptivity domain (OR = 1.35). Conclusion Poor OHL was significantly associated with infrequent toothbrushing and irregular dental attendance. Interventions focusing on OHL are warranted to improve oral health-related behaviours and thereby oral health in the population. The aspects that seem most vital to target are improved access to dental care, including the reduction of economic barriers, as well as increased awareness of oral health in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneera Alzeer
- Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, 2200 Copenhagen N, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Dental Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University. P.O. Box: 10219, Riyadh 11433, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - AlBandary AlJameel
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P. O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kasper Rosing
- Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, 2200 Copenhagen N, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Øzhayat
- Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, 2200 Copenhagen N, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mafla AC, Herrera-López M, Gallardo-Pino C, Schwendicke F. Psychometric Testing of HeLD-14 in a Colombian Geriatric Population. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:5570671. [PMID: 38357580 PMCID: PMC10866630 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5570671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the Colombian version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD-14) in older adults. Materials and Methods A translation and validation study of HeLD-14 was conducted on 384 non-institutionalized older adults attending the Dental Clinic at Universidad Cooperativa from Pasto, Colombia. A cross-cultural adaptation of a multidimensional HeLD-14 was completed, and the psychometric properties of this scale were evaluated through a cross-validation method using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Internal consistency was measured with Cronbach's alpha (α) and Omega's McDonald (ɷ). The statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results The EFA demonstrated that a single-factor structure with 11 items explained a cumulative 59.86% of the overall variance. The CFA confirmed that goodness of fit indices of this questionnaire had optimal adequateness (χ2S-B = 109.047; χ2S-B/(44) = 2.478, P=0.001; non-normed fit index = 0.901; comparative fit index = 0.908; root mean square error of approximation = 0.079 (90% CI (0.075, 0.083)); standardized root mean residual = 0.080). The coefficients indicated a high internal consistency for the total scale (α = 0.94; ɷ = 0.96). Conclusion The developed adaptation of HeLD-14 for the Colombian population, HeLD-Col, is a unidimensional, reliable, and valid instrument to assess oral health literacy in older adults in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Mafla
- Escuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- School of Dentistry, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Pasto, Colombia
| | | | - Carmen Gallardo-Pino
- Departamento de Especialidades Médicas y Salud Pública, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Oral Diagnostics, Digital Health and Health Services Research, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Mafla AC, Herrera-López M, Dorado-Pantoja GT, López-Ruano KJ, Saa-Valentierra L, Gallardo-Pino C, Schwendicke F. Oral Health Literacy and Tooth Loss and Replacement in Older Adults at a University Dental Clinic in Colombia. Health Lit Res Pract 2024; 8:e21-e28. [PMID: 38329842 PMCID: PMC10849777 DOI: 10.3928/24748307-20240121-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral health literacy (OHL) is the ability of individuals to obtain, process, and understand oral health information and services, allowing them to make appropriate oral health decisions. The association between OHL and tooth loss and replacement have not been well understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the association between OHL and tooth loss and replacement in a Colombia population. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 384 older adults age 65 to 89 years from Pasto, Colombia was carried out. The number of lost and replaced teeth was assessed intraorally; sociodemographic and prosthetic characteristics were collected, and the Health Literacy in Dentistry questionnaire was used to evaluate OHL. Generalized linear models were estimated to assess associations between independent variables (including OHL) and the number of lost and replaced teeth. KEY RESULTS There were 224 (58.3%) men and 160 (41.7%) women. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) number of lost and replaced teeth was 27.78 (4.03) and 12.53 (9.89), respectively. One hundred fifty five (40.4%) individuals had full removable dental protheses, 122 (31.8%) partial removable dental protheses, 68 (17.7%) fixed prosthetics, and 36 (9.4%) dental implants. OHL was 33.29 (6.59) and significantly positively associated with the number of replaced teeth (β = 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.52-0.78, p < .001), but not with lost teeth. CONCLUSIONS OHL may foster individuals' capabilities to replace lost teeth, although we did not find it associated with reduced tooth loss, likely as tooth loss was highly common in this older population. [HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice. 2024;8(1):e21-e28.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Mafla
- Address correspondence to Ana Cristina Mafla, DDS, MSPH, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Calle 18 No. 45 – 150, Pasto, Colombia;
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Flynn P, Ingleshwar A, Chen X, Feuerstahler L, Reibel Y, John MT. Validation of the HeLD-14 functional oral health literacy instrument in a general population. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16106. [PMID: 37842062 PMCID: PMC10573372 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral health literacy (OHL) is recognized as an important determinant of oral outcomes. Measuring OHL with a valid and reliable instrument that accurately captures the functional nature of this construct across cultures is needed. The short version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry scale (HeLD-14) shows promise as an appropriate instrument due to its inclusion of comprehensive domains hypothesized to comprise OHL. While studies validating the instrument in several languages have occurred, the number of dimensions in the various analyses range from one to seven. Validation of the HeLD-14 in a general English-speaking population is also lacking. The purpose of this study was to explore and confirm the dimensionality of the HeLD-14 in a general US English-speaking population. Methods The psychometric properties of HeLD-14 were evaluated in a sample of 631 participants attending the Minnesota State Fair. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the data set split into two groups. Internal consistency reliability was assessed using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Concurrent validity was established between the HeLD-14 and the Oral Health Inventory Profile (OHIP-5) using Pearson's correlation. Results EFA found, and CFA reinforced, a unidimensional structure of the HeLD-14. Cronbach's alpha was acceptable at 0.92. Fit assessment also supported a unidimensional structure, comparative fit index = 0.992, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.991, root mean square error of approximation = 0.065, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.074. Concurrent validity analyses showed that the HeLD-14 correlated with the OHIP-5. Conclusions The HeLD-14 is a unidimensional reliable and valid instrument for measuring the oral health literacy in the general US English-speaking adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Flynn
- Primary Dental Care, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Aparna Ingleshwar
- Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Leah Feuerstahler
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States of America
| | - Yvette Reibel
- Primary Dental Care, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Mike T. John
- Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
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Tavousi M, Mohammadi S, Sadighi J, Zarei F, Kermani RM, Rostami R, Montazeri A. Measuring health literacy: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis of instruments from 1993 to 2021. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271524. [PMID: 35839272 PMCID: PMC9286266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been about 30 years since the first health literacy instrument was developed. This study aimed to review all existing instruments to summarize the current knowledge on the development of existing measurement instruments and their possible translation and validation in other languages different from the original languages. METHODS The review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar on all published papers on health literacy instrument development and psychometric properties in English biomedical journals from 1993 to the end of 2021. RESULTS The findings were summarized and synthesized on several headings, including general instruments, condition specific health literacy instruments (disease & content), population- specific instruments, and electronic health. Overall, 4848 citations were retrieved. After removing duplicates (n = 2336) and non-related papers (n = 2175), 361 studies (162 papers introducing an instrument and 199 papers reporting translation and psychometric properties of an original instrument) were selected for the final review. The original instruments included 39 general health literacy instruments, 90 condition specific (disease or content) health literacy instruments, 22 population- specific instruments, and 11 electronic health literacy instruments. Almost all papers reported reliability and validity, and the findings indicated that most existing health literacy instruments benefit from some relatively good psychometric properties. CONCLUSION This review highlighted that there were more than enough instruments for measuring health literacy. In addition, we found that a number of instruments did not report psychometric properties sufficiently. However, evidence suggest that well developed instruments and those reported adequate measures of validation could be helpful if appropriately selected based on objectives of a given study. Perhaps an authorized institution such as World Health Organization should take responsibility and provide a clear guideline for measuring health literacy as appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Tavousi
- Health Metrics Research Center, ACECR, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi
- Health Metrics Research Center, ACECR, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jila Sadighi
- Health Metrics Research Center, ACECR, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarei
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Health Education, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Mozafari Kermani
- Health Metrics Research Center, ACECR, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahele Rostami
- Health Metrics Research Center, ACECR, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Montazeri
- Health Metrics Research Center, ACECR, Iranian Institute for Health Sciences Research, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Humanity Sciences, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
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Development and Validation of an Oral Health Literacy Measurement for Primary School Children in Thailand. Int J Dent 2022; 2022:9161619. [PMID: 35295405 PMCID: PMC8920617 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9161619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral health promotion programs have been implemented in primary schools for many years in Thailand. Oral health literacy has been introduced as a health promotion outcome; however, no assessment tool has been developed for this age group. The objective of this study was to develop and validate the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Dentistry for Primary School Children (P-TOFHLiD). Materials and Methods. The P-TOFHLiD was developed by modifying contents and outlines using a previously validated tool for older adults, then verified by two experts for face validity. A cross-sectional study was conducted with samples collected from 118 grade-six students from two government schools in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. The P-TOFHLiD and a previously validated word recognition test were administered, followed by oral examination to assess reliability, concurrent validity, convergent validity, and predictive validity and establish the cut-off score of the tool. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Results The internal reliability of P-TOFHLiD was good (α = 0.808). The correlation coefficient between the P-TOFHLiD and grade point average was 0.478 (p value <0.001), which is the represented concurrent validity of the tool. Coefficients between P-TOFHLiD and a word recognition test was 0.422 (p-value <0.001) for convergent validity. P-TOFHLiD was significantly correlated with the number of missing teeth from tooth decay (p-value <0.05), but the correlation coefficient was poor (r = −0.100). The cut-off scores for adequate oral health literacy were set at ≥21 out of the total scores of 26. Conclusion P-TOFHLiD presented good validity and reliability and was ready to use for oral health promotion program evaluation. However, the predictive validity of the P-TOFHLiD in predicting oral health status was questionable only.
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Charophasrat S, Thitasomakul S, Tianviwat S. Development and Validation of Oral Health Literacy Questionnaire for Thai Adults. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2021; 11:685-694. [PMID: 35036378 PMCID: PMC8713500 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_155_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the study was to develop a valid and reliable oral health literacy questionnaire for the Thai adults. It measures functional, communicative, and critical competency, covering four competencies according to the context of daily living, namely, oral health service, home and community, marketplace, and community public forums. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 420 Thai adults who were the dental clients of an oral health service system. Subjects were recruited into the study by multistage stratified random sampling. Data were collected by interviewing using the newly developed oral health literacy questionnaire. After checking for the completeness and correctness of the data, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire were analyzed by calculation of the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive and negative predictive values. Receiving-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed and showed the area under ROC that indicates the diagnostic performance of the questionnaire. RESULTS High reliability was found as Cronbach's alpha = 0.878 and the validity proved by known-group method, presented as ability to classify subjects as having adequate, or inadequate oral health literacy was also high, given the sensitivity = 0.853, the specificity = 0.848, and the area under ROC curve = 0.858. CONCLUSION The newly developed oral health literacy questionnaire for Thai adults was valid and reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Songchai Thitasomakul
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Sukanya Tianviwat
- Evidence-Based Dentistry for Oral Health Care and Promotion Research Unit, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
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Sermsuti-Anuwat N, Piyakhunakorn P. Association Between Oral Health Literacy and Number of Remaining Teeth Among the Thai Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2021; 13:113-119. [PMID: 33880067 PMCID: PMC8051955 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s306110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Limited oral health literacy is associated with poor oral health status. This study aimed to determine the association between oral health literacy (OHL) and the number of remaining teeth (NRT) among Thailand’s older population. Patients and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 1, 2020 and September 30, 2020 at the Subdistrict Health Promoting Hospitals in Panare, Pattani, Thailand. A total of 361 independent-living older adults, male and female, participated in the study. OHL data were obtained using the Thai version of Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD‐Th) questionnaire. Trained interviewers performed face-to-face interviews for oral health-related behavior information. The NRT was collected through intraoral examination by a trained examiner. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Mann–Whitney U-tests, chi-square tests, and binary logistic regression analysis were performed. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to test associations between OHL and NRT and other potential covariates. All analyses were two-sided with a 95% confidence interval. Results There were significant associations between limited OHL and fewer than 20 remaining teeth (odds ratio [OR]=1.986, P = 0.018), older age (OR=1.743, P = 0.023), and lower educational levels (OR=2.365, P = 0.007). Conclusion The significance of this evidence is that OHL influences NRT among older Thai people who have lower education levels. Therefore, OHL intervention is an essential strategy for better oral health-related behaviors to reduce tooth loss and to improve the oral health status of Thai older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Panat Piyakhunakorn
- Master of Science Program in Geriatric Dentistry and Special Patients Care (International Program), Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Panare Hospital, Dental Public Health Division, Pattani, Thailand
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Sermsuti-Anuwat N, Pongpanich S. Effectiveness of an individually tailored oral hygiene intervention in improving gingival health among community-dwelling adults with physical disabilities in Thailand. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2020; 41:202-209. [PMID: 33350502 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Persons with physical disabilities require specific methods for sustaining good oral health. This study aimed to evaluate an individually tailored oral hygiene intervention program (IT-OHI) for improving gingival health among adults with disabilities. METHODS AND RESULTS A single group, quasi-experimental design with pre- and post-tests, conducted at a community club for disabled people in Thailand. This study included 145 adults with disabilities, aged 18-74 years. Trained caregivers provided IT-OHI program to all participants. Calibrated dentists assessed the gingival bleeding and dental plaque at baseline/pre-intervention (T0) and at 6 (T1) and 12 (T2) weeks post-intervention. The outcomes were analyzed using the Friedman test, Cochran's Q test, and Binary logistic regression. There were significant decreases in bleeding on probing scores (P < .001) and plaque control record scores (P < .001) throughout the study. However, considering the individual periods, values between T1 and T2 did not improve. Additionally, the IT-OHI program's protective effect was more substantial among the male participants at 12 weeks post-intervention (odds ratio = 0.094, P = .027) than among the females. CONCLUSION The IT-OHI program had partial effectiveness in improving gingival health and reducing dental plaque accumulation in a group of Thai people with physical disabilities; however, the long-term impact remains unclear.
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