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Dubrow ZE, Carpenter SCD, Carter ME, Grinage A, Gris C, Lauber E, Butchachas J, Jacobs JM, Smart CD, Tancos MA, Noël LD, Bogdanove AJ. Cruciferous Weed Isolates of Xanthomonas campestris Yield Insight into Pathovar Genomic Relationships and Genetic Determinants of Host and Tissue Specificity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:791-802. [PMID: 35536128 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-01-22-0024-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathovars of Xanthomonas campestris cause distinct diseases on different brassicaceous hosts. The genomic relationships among pathovars as well as the genetic determinants of host range and tissue specificity remain poorly understood despite decades of research. Here, leveraging advances in multiplexed long-read technology, we fully sequenced the genomes of a collection of X. campestris strains isolated from cruciferous crops and weeds in New York and California as well as strains from global collections, to investigate pathovar relationships and candidate genes for host- and tissue-specificity. Pathogenicity assays and genomic comparisons across this collection and publicly available X. campestris genomes revealed a correlation between pathovar and genomic relatedness and provide support for X. campestris pv. barbareae, the validity of which had been questioned. Linking strain host range with type III effector repertoires identified AvrAC (also 'XopAC') as a candidate host-range determinant, preventing infection of Matthiola incana, and this was confirmed experimentally. Furthermore, the presence of a copy of the cellobiosidase gene cbsA with coding sequence for a signal peptide was found to correlate with the ability to infect vascular tissues, in agreement with a previous study of diverse Xanthomonas species; however, heterologous expression in strains lacking the gene gave mixed results, indicating that factors in addition to cbsA influence tissue specificity of X. campestris pathovars. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë E Dubrow
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
| | - Sara C D Carpenter
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
| | - Morgan E Carter
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Ayress Grinage
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
| | - Carine Gris
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lauber
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jules Butchachas
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - Jonathan M Jacobs
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, U.S.A
| | - Christine D Smart
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
| | - Matthew A Tancos
- Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Frederick, MD, U.S.A
| | - Laurent D Noël
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Adam J Bogdanove
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, U.S.A
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Chen Y, Zhong G, Cai H, Chen R, Liu N, Wang W, Tang D. A Truncated TIR-NBS Protein TN10 Pairs with Two Clustered TIR-NBS-LRR Immune Receptors and Contributes to Plant Immunity in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4004. [PMID: 33924478 PMCID: PMC8069298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The encoding genes of plant intracellular nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain receptors (NLRs) often exist in the form of a gene cluster. Several recent studies demonstrated that the truncated Toll/interleukin-1 receptor-NBS (TIR-NBS) proteins play important roles in immunity. In this study, we identified a large TN gene cluster on Arabidopsis ecotype Col-0 chromosome 1, which included nine TN genes, TN4 to TN12. Interestingly, this cluster also contained two typical TIR-NBS-LRR genes: At1g72840 and At1g72860 (hereinafter referred to as TNL40 and TNL60, respectively), which formed head-to-head genomic arrangement with TN4 to TN12. However, the functions of these TN and TNL genes in this cluster are still unknown. Here, we showed that the TIR domains of both TNL40 and TNL60 associated with TN10 specifically. Furthermore, both TNL40TIR and TNL60TIR induced cell death in Nicotiana tabacum leaves. Subcellular localization showed that TNL40 mainly localized in the cytoplasm, whereas TNL60 and TN10 localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Additionally, the expression of TNL40, TNL60, and TN10 were co-regulated after inoculated with bacterial pathogens. Taken together, our study indicates that the truncated TIR-NBS protein TN10 associates with two clustered TNL immune receptors, and may work together in plant disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.C.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (R.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Guitao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.C.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (R.C.); (N.L.)
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huiren Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.C.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (R.C.); (N.L.)
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.C.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (R.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.C.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (R.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.C.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (R.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Dingzhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Y.C.); (G.Z.); (H.C.); (R.C.); (N.L.)
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Martins TF, Souza PFN, Alves MS, Silva FDA, Arantes MR, Vasconcelos IM, Oliveira JTA. Identification, characterization, and expression analysis of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) miRNAs in response to cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV) challenge. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:1061-1078. [PMID: 32388590 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cowpea miRNAs and Argonaute genes showed differential expression patterns in response to CPSMV challenge Several biotic stresses affect cowpea production and yield. CPSMV stands out for causing severe negative impacts on cowpea. Plants have two main induced immune systems. In the basal system (PTI, PAMP-triggered immunity), plants recognize and respond to conserved molecular patterns associated with pathogens (PAMPs). The second type (ETI, Effector-triggered immunity) is induced after plant recognition of specific factors from pathogens. RNA silencing is another important defense mechanism in plants. Our research group has been using biochemical and proteomic approaches to learn which proteins and pathways are involved and could explain why some cowpea genotypes are resistant whereas others are susceptible to CPSMV. This current study was conducted to determine the role of cowpea miRNA in the interaction between a resistant cowpea genotype (BRS-Marataoã) and CPSMV. Previously identified and deposited plant microRNA sequences were used to find out all possible microRNAs in the cowpea genome. This search detected 617 mature microRNAs, which were distributed in 89 microRNA families. Next, 4 out of these 617 miRNAs and their possible target genes that encode the proteins Kat-p80, DEAD-Box, GST, and SPB9, all involved in the defense response of cowpea to CPSMV, had their expression compared between cowpea leaves uninoculated and inoculated with CPSMV. Additionally, the differential expression of genes that encode the Argonaute (AGO) proteins 1, 2, 4, 6, and 10 is reported. In summary, the studied miRNAs and AGO 2 and AGO4 associated genes showed differential expression patterns in response to CPSMV challenge, which indicate their role in cowpea defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago F Martins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Pedro F N Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Murilo S Alves
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fredy Davi A Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Mariana R Arantes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ilka M Vasconcelos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jose T A Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Abstract
Pathogen recognition by the plant immune system leads to defense responses that are often accompanied by a form of regulated cell death known as the hypersensitive response (HR). HR shares some features with regulated necrosis observed in animals. Genetically, HR can be uncoupled from local defense responses at the site of infection and its role in immunity may be to activate systemic responses in distal parts of the organism. Recent advances in the field reveal conserved cell death-specific signaling modules that are assembled by immune receptors in response to pathogen-derived effectors. The structural elucidation of the plant resistosome-an inflammasome-like structure that may attach to the plasma membrane on activation-opens the possibility that HR cell death is mediated by the formation of pores at the plasma membrane. Necrotrophic pathogens that feed on dead tissue have evolved strategies to trigger the HR cell death pathway as a survival strategy. Ectopic activation of immunomodulators during autoimmune reactions can also promote HR cell death. In this perspective, we discuss the role and regulation of HR in these different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Pitsili
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ujjal J Phukan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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