1
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Salleh NS, Tang LY, Husain M, Lim Abdullah K, Kueh YC. Affiliate Stigma, Resilience and Quality of Life among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Two Public Hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia. Malays J Med Sci 2024; 31:217-228. [PMID: 38984240 PMCID: PMC11229570 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2024.31.3.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Often, the indirect impact of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents the family with significant challenges. One of these challenges is affiliate stigma due to parental affiliation with their child. This study aimed to explore affiliate stigma, resilience and quality of life (QoL) among parents of children with ASD. Methods Cross-sectional study of 144 parents of children with ASD were recruited from two main tertiary hospitals in Kelantan, Malaysia, a developing country in Southeast Asia. Pearson correlation was used to examine the relationship between parental affiliate stigma, resilience and QoL. Simple and multiple linear regression analyses were used to identify the significant associated factors of affiliate stigma, resilience and QoL. Results Correlational analyses revealed that perceived affiliate stigma demonstrated an inverse relationship with resilience and QoL. Additionally, resilience had a positive relationship with QoL. Regression analyses revealed that the father's employment status, the mother's level of education, having a disability card, the child's age at ASD diagnosis, comorbidities of the child and ASD severity perceived by parents were associated with parental affiliate stigma, resilience and QoL. Conclusion Study findings highlight the contribution of socio-demographic characteristics of children with ASD and their families in the determination of affiliate stigma, resilience and QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Shuhada Salleh
- Nursing Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan Malaysia
| | - Li Yoong Tang
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Maruzairi Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Lim Abdullah
- Department of Nursing, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yee Cheng Kueh
- Biostatistics and Research Methodology Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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2
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MacKenzie KT, Crown MJ, Northrup JB, Rutenberg E, Hartman AG, Mazefsky CA. Correlates of Impairment and Growth in Families of Young Autistic Children. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06339-w. [PMID: 38625489 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06339-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this project was to investigate potential correlates of family life impairment in families of young autistic children. This project incorporated measures of specific child and parent challenges in addition to a commonly used unidimensional measure of autism characteristics. In this way, we could assess whether such challenges explain variance in family life impairment, and whether their inclusion diminish associations between autism characteristics and family life impairment. Cross-sectional data were collected from 564 parents of autistic children aged 2 to 5 years who participated in a larger online study. Participants completed measures on child characteristics (autism characteristics, emotion dysregulation, speaking ability, flexibility, and sleep problems), parent depression, and family life impairment, using the Family Life Impairment Scale (FLIS). Multiple linear regression models were generated to examine whether any of the independent variables were associated with the four domains of the FLIS. Models controlled for child age and sex, parent education, and single-parent homes. All independent variables were associated with impairment in one or more FLIS domains. None of the primary independent variables were significantly associated with positive growth. More overt characteristics and behaviors (e.g., autism characteristics, reactivity, speaking ability, and flexibility) were associated with impairment in domains that reflected a family's ability to navigate the community. However, sleep challenges and parent and child emotional difficulties were most strongly associated with parent impairment. Findings suggests that families may have different needs across contexts and provide new avenues through which they might be better supported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mario J Crown
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Amy G Hartman
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Carla A Mazefsky
- School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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3
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Desquenne Godfrey G, Downes N, Cappe E. A Systematic Review of Family Functioning in Families of Children on the Autism Spectrum. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1036-1057. [PMID: 36626001 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to review the literature on family functioning in the field of autism. The search was conducted in August 2021 in PubMed, PsycINFO, and PubPsy and sixty-two articles were included. Studies were published in English between 1980 and 2021 and provided quantitative data from validated measures of family functioning in families with an official diagnosis of autism. Results showed that family functioning appeared more problematic for families of autistic children than non-autistic ones. Difficulties were correlated with more caregiver demand and less resources. Interventional results varied. The findings highlight the importance of considering family functioning when providing care for autistic children and their families. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.Prospero registration number: CRD42022297696.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendoline Desquenne Godfrey
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Naomi Downes
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Emilie Cappe
- Université Paris Cité, Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, F-92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
- Institut universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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4
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Adaptation of Parents Raising a Child with ASD: The Role of Positive Perceptions, Coping, Self-efficacy, and Social Support. J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:1224-1242. [PMID: 35507296 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the adaptation of parents raising a child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) specifically the contributory role of positive perceptions, coping, self-efficacy, and social support. One hundred and thirty-six parents of children with a diagnosis of ASD completed a battery of self-report questionnaires via an online survey. Using multiple regression analyses positive perceptions, adaptive coping, self-efficacy, and social support were each a significant contributor to one or more positive adaptation outcomes. Multiple moderated regression analysis found no evidence that these factors were significant moderators between behavioural problems and parental adaptation. The implications of these findings in supporting parents raising a child with ASD are outlined.
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5
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Huang M, Zhou Z. Factors contributing to parental stress among Chinese families of children with autism: A qualitative study. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Huang
- Department of Psychology St. John's University New York City New York USA
| | - Zheng Zhou
- Department of Psychology St. John's University New York City New York USA
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6
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Coping with stress of mothers of children with disorders belonging to autism spectrum. CURRENT PROBLEMS OF PSYCHIATRY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cpp-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between coping styles in mothers of children with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the severity of their children’s symptoms.
Material and method: The study included a group of 70 women raising children with a medical diagnosis of ASD. The children with the aforementioned pervasive developmental disorders were from 5 to 16 years old and were patients of the Mental Health Centre in Kielce, Poland. A study involved: our own survey; the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) by R. Goodman; the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) questionnaire by Endler and Parker; the Sense of Coherence Scale SOC-29 by Antonovsky; the Set of Questionnaires for the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASRS) by S. Goldstein and J. A. Naglieri.
Results: The mothers’ preference for emotion-focused and avoidance coping styles was found to correlate significantly with their low sense of coherence and the severity of their child’s ASD symptoms measured with ASRS and SDQ.
Conclusions: 1. Emotion-focused and avoidance coping styles were associated with a low sense of coherence in the surveyed women.
2. The mothers’ preference for emotion-focused and avoidance coping styles was associated with increased ASD symptoms, more severe emotional and behavioral deficits and poorer peer interactions in their children.
3. The mothers’ preference for problem-focused coping correlated with a low severity of their children’s social and communication deficits.
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7
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Borilli MC, Germano CMR, de Avó LRDS, Pilotto RF, Melo DG. Family quality of life among families who have children with mild intellectual disability associated with mild autism spectrum disorder. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2022; 80:360-367. [PMID: 35293554 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often concomitant childhood developmental disorders. These disorders can alter family quality of life (FQoL). OBJECTIVE To investigate FQoL among families who have children with mild ID, associated with mild ASD. METHODS Cross-sectional descriptive study with 69 families who have children with mild ID and ASD, ranging from six to 16 years old, and who were provided with disability-related services in Brazil. Data were collected using a family sociodemographic questionnaire, an ID and ASD personal profile form, the Barthel index for activities of daily living and the Beach Center FQoL scale. RESULTS People with ID and ASD had an average score of 88.2±11.5 in the Barthel index, thus indicating moderate dependency in basic activities of daily living. The average total FQoL score (3.56±0.34) was lower than the scores for the "family interaction" (3.91±0.42; p<0.001), "parenting" (3.79±0.35; p<0.001) and "disability-related support" (3.98±0.16; p<0.001) domains; and higher than the scores for the "physical/material well-being" (3.19±0.64; p<0.001) and "emotional wellbeing" (2.75±0.62; p<0.001) domains. Parents' marital condition, monthly family income, family religious practice and effective communication skills among the people with ID and ASD were predictors for FQoL (R2=0.407; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS FQoL was sustained through factors such as family interaction and parents' care for their children. Improving families' emotional wellbeing and physical and material conditions is likely to positively affect the FQoL of these families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Maria Ramos Germano
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, São Carlos SP, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Medicina, São Carlos SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | - Lucimar Retto da Silva de Avó
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Medicina, São Carlos SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
| | | | - Débora Gusmão Melo
- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, São Carlos SP, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Departamento de Medicina, São Carlos SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil
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8
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García-López C, Recio P, Pozo P, Sarriá E. Psychological Distress, Disorder Severity, and Perception of Positive Contributions in Couples Raising Individuals With Autism. Front Psychol 2021; 12:694064. [PMID: 34267712 PMCID: PMC8276240 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.694064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parents' perception of the positive contributions associated with raising children with autism is considered to be a protective factor in the process of psychological adaptation. Thus, it is essential to unveil what factors are related to this perception. We explore how parents' psychological distress (parental stress and anxiety) predicts the perception of positive contributions in fathers and mothers who raise individuals with different levels of autism severity. The sample comprises 135 couples (270 fathers and mothers) parenting individuals diagnosed with autism aged 3–38 years. Participants completed different self-report questionnaires, including measures of parental stress, anxiety, and positive contributions. To estimate the actor–partner interdependence model, data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore transactional effects between fathers' and mothers' psychological distress and their perceptions of positive contributions associated with autism. Two separate multigroup models were tested, respectively, analyzing parental stress and anxiety. Each multigroup model considers two levels of disorder severity. The findings revealed that actor and partner effects of stress and anxiety were important predictors of the perception of positive contributions in both disorder severity groups. We conclude that it is necessary to develop family support programs that focus on controlling fathers' and mothers' stress and anxiety symptoms, as these mental states negatively impact the ability to perceive positive contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-López
- Joint Research Institute National University for Distance Education and Health Institute Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Department, School Learning Disorders Unit (UTAE), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Recio
- Joint Research Institute National University for Distance Education and Health Institute Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, National University for Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Pozo
- Joint Research Institute National University for Distance Education and Health Institute Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, National University for Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Encarnación Sarriá
- Joint Research Institute National University for Distance Education and Health Institute Carlos III (IMIENS), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, National University for Distance Education (UNED), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Lei X, Kantor J. Social Support and Family Functioning in Chinese Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3504. [PMID: 33800586 PMCID: PMC8037478 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Families caring for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have reported poorer family functioning. Social support might strengthen family functioning, but limited research to date has focused on this association in China. This study conducted a cross-sectional survey of Chinese families that have children with ASD to examine the relationship between social support and family functioning. Caregivers of children with ASD from Sichuan province in China (N = 167) were surveyed concerning their perceived social support and family functioning. The Social Support Rating Scale was used to investigate caregivers' perceived social support from three dimensions: subjective support, objective support, and the utilization of support. A Chinese version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale was used to investigate their perceptions of family cohesion and adaptability. The Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression were used for analyses. The results suggested that social support was positively related to family cohesion and adaptability. Of the three sub-domains of social support, both subjective support and the utilization of support were positively associated with family cohesion and adaptability. The study's findings evidenced the importance of different types of social support and could be used to develop a targeted support service for families that have children with ASD to improve their family functioning and sustain the family unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Lei
- Faculty of Special Education, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China;
- Center of Evidence-based Education & Arts Therapies, Faculty of Education, Palacky University, 79900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kantor
- Center of Evidence-based Education & Arts Therapies, Faculty of Education, Palacky University, 79900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Institute of Special Education Studies, Faculty of Education, Palacky University, 79900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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10
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Kim J, Kim H, Park S, Yoo J, Gelegjamts D. Mediating effects of family functioning on the relationship between care burden and family quality of life of caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities in Mongolia. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 34:507-515. [PMID: 32954571 PMCID: PMC7891464 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Intellectual disabilities are characterized by constant and complex needs for care that place a heavy burden on the families of affected individuals and affect their overall quality of life. We evaluated the mediating effects of family functioning on the relationship between care burden and the family quality of life of caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities in Mongolia. Methods Data were collected from a sample of 150 caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities from October 2017 to November 2017. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the mediating effects of family functioning. Results Family functioning had a partial mediating effect (β = .702, p < .001) on the relationship between care burden and family quality of life. Conclusion Family functioning should be considered when developing a social support intervention to improve family quality of life among caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyunlye Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Seojin Park
- Department of Nursing, Donggang University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jaeyong Yoo
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Delgersuren Gelegjamts
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Nursing, College of Medicine, Mongolian National University, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
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11
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Lei X, Kantor J. Social support and family quality of life in Chinese families of children with autism spectrum disorder: the mediating role of family cohesion and adaptability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 68:454-461. [PMID: 35937173 PMCID: PMC9351563 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2020.1803706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study examined the interrelations among social support, family quality of life (FQOL), and family cohesion and adaptability in Chinese families of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS A sample of 163 caregivers of children with ASD in China were surveyed with the Social Support Rating Scale, Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale, and Chinese version of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale II, respectively. We used structural equation modeling to examine the mediating role of family cohesion and adaptability on the relationship between social support and FQOL. RESULTS The results indicated that social support had a positive impact on FQOL and that family cohesion and adaptability completely mediated the relationship between social support and caregivers' satisfaction on FQOL. CONCLUSIONS Facilitating family cohesion and adaptability by providing social support may be beneficial to help families of children with ASD improve their FQOL. The findings identified the need for developing targeted interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Lei
- College of Special Education, Leshan Normal University, Leshan City, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jiří Kantor
- Institute of Special Educational Studies, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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12
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DuBois D, Renwick R, Chowdhury M, Eisen S, Cameron D. Engagement in community life: perspectives of youths with intellectual and developmental disabilities on families’ roles. Disabil Rehabil 2019; 42:2923-2934. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2019.1576781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denise DuBois
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca Renwick
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mushfika Chowdhury
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shauna Eisen
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Debra Cameron
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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13
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Ilias K, Cornish K, Park MSA, Toran H, Golden KJ. Risk and Resilience Among Mothers and Fathers of Primary School Age Children With ASD in Malaysia: A Qualitative Constructive Grounded Theory Approach. Front Psychol 2019; 9:2275. [PMID: 30670992 PMCID: PMC6331527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the coping and resilience experiences of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Malaysian cultural context. This study utilized a qualitative methodological approach adopting constructive grounded theory. The study sought to address the lack of research to date exploring the risk and protective experiences that contribute to parental stress and resilience for parents of primary school age children with ASD in the Malaysian setting. Twenty-two parents of children with ASD (13 mothers and 9 fathers) participated in semi-structured interviews. A strength of the study was the inclusion of both mother and father participant perspectives. The interviews lasted 50-80 min (mean: 67.5 min). The 22 parents had a total of 16 children (12 males; 4 females) formally diagnosed with ASD. Child age ranged between 5 and 12 years (mean age: 8.44). Overall, analysis of the 22 interviews revealed four prominent themes - "initial reaction to child's ASD symptoms and diagnosis," "family life affected by a child with ASD," "awareness about ASD in Malaysia," and "coping strategies, wellbeing, and becoming resilient." The first three themes revolved around stress and adversity, and, the adaptability and acceptance of the parents. These processes illustrated the risks experienced by the parents of children with ASD in Malaysia. The last theme especially highlighted the strengths and determination of the parents and illustrated the protective experiences and processes that helped parents to develop and enhance resilience. Overall, the findings revealed that resilience develops synergistically and dynamically from both risk and protective experiences across different levels - individual, family, community, society and government. The findings motivated the development of our theoretical model of resilience that can help health and education professionals tailor assessment and interventions for parents of children with ASD in the Malaysian context. Clinical, policy, and research suggestions were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartini Ilias
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Global Asia in the 21st Century Research Platform (GA21), Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Kim Cornish
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miriam Sang-Ah Park
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Global Asia in the 21st Century Research Platform (GA21), Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hasnah Toran
- Faculty of Education, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Karen Jennifer Golden
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Global Asia in the 21st Century Research Platform (GA21), Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
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14
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Ilias K, Cornish K, Kummar AS, Park MSA, Golden KJ. Parenting Stress and Resilience in Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2018; 9:280. [PMID: 29686632 PMCID: PMC5900388 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This paper aimed to review the literature on the factors associated with parenting stress and resilience among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the South East Asia (SEA) region. Methods: An extensive search of articles in multiple online databases (PsycNET, ProQuest, PudMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) resulted in 28 papers that met the inclusion criteria (i.e., conducted in the SEA region, specific to ASD only, published in a peer-reviewed journal, full text in English). Studies found were conducted in the following countries: Brunei, n = 1; Indonesia, n = 2; Malaysia, n = 12; Philippines, n = 5; Singapore, n = 5, Thailand, n = 2; and Vietnam, n = 1, but none from Cambodia, East Timor, Laos, and Myanmar were identified. Results: Across the studies, six main factors were found to be associated with parenting stress: social support, severity of autism symptoms, financial difficulty, parents' perception and understanding toward ASD, parents' anxiety and worries about their child's future, and religious beliefs. These six factors could also be categorized as either a source of parenting stress or a coping strategy/resilience mechanism that may attenuate parenting stress. Conclusion: The findings suggest that greater support services in Western countries may underlie the cultural differences observed in the SEA region. Limitations in the current review were identified. The limited number of studies yielded from the search suggests a need for expanded research on ASD and parenting stress, coping, and resilience in the SEA region especially in Cambodia, East Timor, Laos, and Myanmar. The identified stress and resilience factors may serve as sociocultural markers for clinicians, psychologists, and other professionals to consider when supporting parents of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartini Ilias
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus Selangor, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Kim Cornish
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Auretta S Kummar
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Miriam Sang-Ah Park
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.,School of Social & Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Golden
- Department of Psychology, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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15
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Ketelaar M, Bogossian A, Saini M, Visser-Meily A, Lach L. Assessment of the family environment in pediatric neurodisability: a state-of-the-art review. Dev Med Child Neurol 2017; 59:259-269. [PMID: 27696390 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The importance of the family environment for the development of children with neurodisabilities is undisputed. The objective of this study is to describe how family environment has been measured in research on families of children with neurodisabilities, in order to support researchers and clinicians to select appropriate methods for use. A three-step approach was used and 13 measures of family environment were identified within 77 studies. Five measures were used most commonly across a majority of studies (n=50). The measures varied considerably in terms of theoretical background, content, subscales, and populations for which they were developed and validated. These measures were used with considerable variability between studies and with a limited range of research respondents, most typically the child's mother. Challenges, opportunities, and suggestions on how to improve the application of family environment measures in research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolijn Ketelaar
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Aline Bogossian
- School of Social Work and the Centre for Research on Children and Families, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Saini
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Visser-Meily
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lucyna Lach
- School of Social Work and the Centre for Research on Children and Families, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Hsu YC, Tsai SL, Hsieh MH, Jenks MS, Tsai CH, Hsu MT. On My Own: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study of Mothers of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Taiwan. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2015; 30:147-156. [PMID: 26525610 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chien Hsu
- Department of Nursing; Yuanpei University; Hsinchu Taiwan
- College of Nursing; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ling Tsai
- Department of Nursing; Chang Gung University of Science and Technology; Chiayi Campus Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hui Hsieh
- College of Nursing; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Michael S. Jenks
- Department of Applied English; Yuanpei University; Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hsiung Tsai
- Department of Life-and-Death Studies; Nanhua University; Chiayi Taiwan
| | - Min-Tao Hsu
- College of Nursing; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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17
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Yamane T. [Sense making affects stress response processes in parents of children with developmental disorders]. SHINRIGAKU KENKYU : THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 86:293-301. [PMID: 26562938 DOI: 10.4992/jjpsy.86.14035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the stress-buffering effects of sense making among parents of children with developmental disorders. A model assuming that social support is related to sense making and that coping strategy mediates sense making and stress response was examined via a questionnaire survey of mothers of children with developmental disorders (N = 245). The results of structural equation modeling analysis suggested the following: (a) the stress-buffering effects of sense making were mediated through an emotional approach coping strategy and sense making was positively related to stress response mediated through an active coping strategy; (b) seeking a meaning directly increased one's stress response, which was indirectly mediated by an avoidant coping strategy; and (c) the effects of social support on sense making and coping strategy, as well as stress response, varied with the kind of social resources from whom mothers anticipated support. These results suggest that sense making affects stress response in mothers of children with developmental disorders through the social support they anticipate and the coping strategies they adopt.
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