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McPhillips MV, Petrovsky DV, Lorenz R, Lee J, George T, Smyth A, Bubu OM, Brewster GS. Treatment Modalities for Insomnia in Adults Aged 55 and Older: A Systematic Review of Literature from 2018 to 2023. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2024; 10:232-256. [PMID: 39156226 PMCID: PMC11328977 DOI: 10.1007/s40675-024-00285-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder experienced by older adults. There is a wide range of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment options in existing literature. The purpose of this systematic review was to synthesize randomized controlled trials of insomnia treatment modalities for adults aged 55 and older over the last 5 years. We searched four databases, and after screening, there were 34 full-text manuscripts that met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Recent Findings We found non-pharmacological interventions, including exercise and behavioral/psychoeducational therapies, remain effective and favorable. Complementary and alternative therapies ranged across studies and warrant further testing in larger, more diverse samples. Dual orexin receptor antagonist medications were tested in a few studies with positive benefits for sleep and minimal side effects. Finally, measures of insomnia/sleep disturbance outcomes varied among the studies, with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index being used most frequently. Summary Non-pharmacological interventions for insomnia in older adults are effective, and some newer medications may be safer, with less side effects, at managing insomnia in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darina V. Petrovsky
- Health Care Policy, and Aging Research, School of Nursing, Institute for Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
| | | | - Jiwon Lee
- Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Tessy George
- Georgia Baptist College of Nursing, Mercer University, Macon, USA
| | - Aisling Smyth
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, USA
- Centre for Research in Aged Care, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| | - Omonigho Michael Bubu
- Departments of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Population Health & Neurology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Glenna S. Brewster
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, 1520 Clifton Road, Room 256, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Sella E, Toffalini E, Canini L, Borella E. Non-pharmacological interventions targeting sleep quality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Ment Health 2022; 27:847-861. [PMID: 35352595 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2056879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: This review aimed to examine the available evidence about non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) aimed at improving sleep quality in older adults without insomnia or dementia.Methods: Studies on NPIs targeting older adults' sleep were searched in the PsycInfo, PubMed and Scopus databases, with no restriction on publication year up to September 2021. Studies on NPIs for older adults with no diagnosed sleep disorders were included, while those on pharmacological therapies and/or concerning pathological samples were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed using tools based on Joanna Briggs' criteria. The data extracted were meta-analyzed using random effects models for subgroups of NPIs.Results: Of the 1,893 records identified, 31 studies on NPIs (N = 2,224; range of mean ages: 60-78 years) were analyzed. All NPIs improved self-reported sleep quality, albeit to a different extent (physical activity: d=.97 - 95% CI=.62, 1.32-; psychological/psychoeducational, or NPIs that combined more than one sleep-targeting activity: d range: .21 to .97). Only the NPIs based on physical activity improved objectively-measured sleep, d=.31 (.04, .57). The methodological quality of most studies was limited.Conclusion: The most often used NPIs targeting sleep rely on physical activity and sensory stimulation with promising results on sleep quality for the former. More data are needed on psychological/psychoeducational NPIs and combined interventions in order to test their effectiveness. The methodological weaknesses of the available studies suggest they their findings should be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Sella
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Toffalini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Canini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Borella
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Alternate Warm and Cold Therapy (AWCT) on Uricemia, Sleep, Pain, Functional Ability, and Quality of Life (USPFQoL) in Patients with Gout: A Path Forward. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:5471575. [PMID: 35310195 PMCID: PMC8926540 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5471575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective To understand the impact of alternate warm and cold therapy (AWCT) on uricemia, sleep, pain, functional ability, and quality of life in gout patients. Methods A quasiexperimental, nonequivalent control group, pre and posttest design was adopted among 120 gout patients. The data were collected on demographics, comorbidities, pain level, joint swelling/joint tenderness, patient global assessment of response to treatment (PGART), health-related quality of life (HRQoL) with SF-36, sleep quality by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and serum uric acid and assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results Patients had mean age of 58 and 61 years, mean number of comorbidities was 1.8 and 1.4, as well as presence of arthritic comorbidities except gout was 1.1 and 0.8 among study and control group participants, respectively. Pain (p < 0.001), PGART (p=−0.01), HRQoL, sleep quality, and level of SUA (mg/dl) improved significantly (p < 0.01) among the study group over study periods. It affirms that the AWCT is effective in reducing pain, functional disability, and SUA, as well as improving the sleep quality and HRQoL of the gout patients. There was a reduced incidence of gout flares (p < 0.001), and taking additional medicines for pain (p < 0.01) was statistically significant among study participants. Except social functioning, other domains of health were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, renal disease, and asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Conclusions Gout is independently associated with higher medical and arthritic comorbidity, and AWCT can be better and cost-effective alternative therapy for gout patients. In addition, it may lead to improved cardiac function, hypertension, and renal insufficiency.
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Sato M, Betriana F, Tanioka R, Osaka K, Tanioka T, Schoenhofer S. Balance of Autonomic Nervous Activity, Exercise, and Sleep Status in Older Adults: A Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182412896. [PMID: 34948506 PMCID: PMC8701130 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182412896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While older people are frequently known to experience sleep disturbances, there are also many older people who have a good quality of sleep. However, little is known about the balance of autonomic nervous activity, exercise habits, and sleep status in healthy older adults. This study reviews the literature regarding balance of the autonomic nervous activity, exercise, and sleep in healthy older adults. Relevant articles were searched from electronic databases using the combination of the following keywords: "Autonomic nervous activity", "sleep status", "sleep", "healthy older adults", "aging", "heart rate variability (HRV)" and "exercise". Articles were included if they met inclusion criteria: (1) Published in English, (2) Article types: research and review articles, (3) Main outcome was related to the autonomic nervous activity, lifestyle, sleep, and/or healthy aging, and (4) Fully accessed. From 877 articles that were identified, 16 articles were included for review. Results showed that the autonomic nervous activity changes with increasing age, particularly a constant decline in cardiac vagal modulation due to the significant decrease in the nocturnal parasympathetic activity. In addition, the autonomic nervous activity was also related to sleep status and lifestyle, particularly the capability to exercise. In preparing older people toward a healthy aging, maintaining good sleep quality and exercise is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Sato
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-88-880-2555
| | - Feni Betriana
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan; (F.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Ryuichi Tanioka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan; (F.B.); (R.T.)
| | - Kyoko Osaka
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku 783-8505, Japan;
| | - Tetsuya Tanioka
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8509, Japan;
- Anne Boykin Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA;
| | - Savina Schoenhofer
- Anne Boykin Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA;
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Shishido I, Konya I, Yano R. Effect on autonomic nervous activity of applying hot towels for 10 s to the back during bed baths. J Physiol Anthropol 2020; 39:35. [PMID: 33213514 PMCID: PMC7678055 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-020-00245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bed baths are a daily nursing activity to maintain patients' hygiene. Those may provide not only comfort but also relaxation. Notably, applying a hot towel to the skin for 10 s (AHT10s) during bed baths helped to reduce the risk of skin tears and provided comfort and warmth in previous studies. However, it is still unclear whether autonomic nervous system is affected by bed baths. Thus, this study investigated the effect on the autonomic nervous activity of applying hot towels for 10 s to the back during bed baths. METHODS This crossover study had 50 participants (25 men and women each; average age 22.2 ± 1.6 years; average body mass index 21.4 ± 2.2 kg/m2) who took bed baths with and without (control condition: CON) AHT10s on their back. Skin temperature, heart rate variability (HRV), and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Subjective evaluations and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory in Japanese were also performed. RESULTS A significant interaction of time and bed bath type on skin surface temperature was observed (p < .001). Regarding the means of skin surface temperature at each measurement time point, those for AHT10s were significantly higher than those for CON. Although the total state-anxiety score significantly decreased in both the bed bath types after intervention, the mean values of comfort and warmth were higher for bed baths with AHT10s than for CON (p < .05) during bed baths; AHT10s was significantly higher in warmth than CON after 15 min (p = .032). The interaction and main effects of time on HRV and BP and that of bed bath type were not significant. CONCLUSION Bed baths that involved AHT10s caused participants to maintain a higher skin temperature and warmer feeling than under the wiping-only condition; they also provided comfort during the interventions. However, the bed baths with AHT10s did not allow participants to reach a relaxed state; moreover, there was no change in autonomic nerve activity. This may be due to participants' increased anxiety from skin exposure and the intervention being limited to one part of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaho Shishido
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Issei Konya
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rika Yano
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Standardized massage interventions as protocols for the induction of psychophysiological relaxation in the laboratory: a block randomized, controlled trial. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14774. [PMID: 32901072 PMCID: PMC7479151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Health and disease are strongly linked to psychophysiological states. While stress research strongly benefits from standardized stressors, no established protocol focuses on the induction of psychophysiological relaxation. To maintain health, functioning regenerative systems are however likely as important as functioning stress systems. Thus, the identification of validated relaxation paradigms is needed. Here, we investigated whether standardized massages are capable of reliably inducing physiological and psychological states of relaxation. Relaxation was indicated by changes in high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), a vagally-mediated heart rate variability component, and repeated ratings of subjective relaxation, and stress levels. Sixty healthy women were randomly assigned to a vagus nerve massage (n = 19), a soft shoulder massage (n = 22), or a resting control group (n = 19). During the intervention, HF-HRV and subjective relaxation increased, while subjective stress decreased significantly in all groups. Both massage interventions elicited significantly higher HF-HRV compared to the control group. Accordingly, both massage protocols increased psychophysiological relaxation, and may serve as useful tools in future research. However, future work will have to determine which of several protocols might be used as a gold standard to induce a psychophysiological state of relaxation in the laboratory.
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Kudo Y, Sasaki M. Effect of a hand massage with a warm hand bath on sleep and relaxation in elderly women with disturbance of sleep: A crossover trial. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2020; 17:e12327. [PMID: 32017413 PMCID: PMC7534053 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effects of a hand massage with a warm hand bath on sleep, autonomic nervous activity, subjective sleep quality, and relaxation in elderly women with sleep disturbance. Methods A crossover design was used. Participants were assigned to two groups: a structured control first and intervention second condition, or an intervention first and control second condition. The sleep index as assessed by actigraphy, autonomic nervous activity, subjective sleep quality, and relaxation was then recorded. Results The mean age of the participants was 77.8 ± 6.8 years (n = 28). According to the actigraph, the intervention day showed significantly improved sleep efficiency (p = .048) and sleep onset latency (p = .015). Regarding autonomic nervous activity, heart rate decreased significantly after the intervention (p = .001), but no significant differences were seen in the other indexes. Subjective sleep quality, which was investigated using the middle‐age and aged version of the Oguri–Shirakawa–Azumi sleep questionnaire, was significantly higher after the intervention for four out of five factors. Subjective comfort and relaxation were significantly higher after the intervention for all items. Conclusions A hand massage with a warm hand bath in the evening improved sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency in elderly women with sleep disturbance. These results suggest that a hand bath and massage may improve subjective sleep quality and relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kudo
- Department of Basic Nursing, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan
| | - Makiko Sasaki
- Department of Basic Nursing, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan
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