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Toledano M, Fernández-Romero E, Osorio MT, Osorio E, Aguilera FS, Toledano R, Osorio R. Investigation of the effect of Tideglusib on the hydroxyapatite formation, crystallinity and elasticity of conditioned resin-dentin interfaces. J Dent 2024; 150:105334. [PMID: 39218289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of dentin infiltration with polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) doped with tideglusib (TDg) (TDg-NPs) on hydroxyapatite formation, crystallinity and elasticity of conditioned resin-dentin interfaces. METHODS Dentin conditioned surfaces were infiltrated with NPs or TDg-NPs. Bonded interfaces were created, stored for 24 h and submitted to mechanical and thermal challenging. Resin-dentin interfaces were evaluated through nanoindentation to determine the modulus of elasticity, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy through selected area diffraction and bright-filed imaging. RESULTS TDg-NPs provoked peaks narrowing after the diffraction-intensity analysis that corresponded with high crystallinity, with an increased modulus of Young after load cycling in comparison with the samples treated with undoped NPs. New minerals, in the group of TDg-NPs, showed the greatest both deviation of line profile from perfect crystal diffraction and dimension of the lattice strain, i.e., crystallite, grain size and microstrain and 002 plane-texture. The new minerals generated after TDg-NPs application and mechanical loading followed a well defined lineation. Undoped NPs mostly produced small hydroxyapatite crystallites, non crystalline or amorphous in nature with poor maturity. CONCLUSIONS Tideglusib promoted the precipitation of hydroxyapatite, as a major crystalline phase, at the intrafibrillar compartment of the collagen fibrils, enabling functional mineralization. TDg-NPs facilitated nucleation of crystals randomly oriented, showing less structural variation in angles and distances that improved crystallographic relative order of atoms and maturity. Nanocrystals inducted by TDg-NPs were hexagonal prisms of submicron size. Thermal challenging of dentin treated with TDg-NPs have provoked a decrease of functional mineralization and crystallinity, associated to immature hydroxyapatite. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE New polycrystalline lattice formation generated after TDg-NPs infiltration may become correlated with high mechanical performance. This association can be inferred from the superior crystallinity that was obtained in presence of tideglusib. Immature crystallites formed in dentin treated with undoped NPs will account for a high remineralizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Enrique Fernández-Romero
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain; Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública PhD Programme, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - María T Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Fátima S Aguilera
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Raquel Toledano
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
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Yang N, Zhao Y. Study on the effect of crystal changes on acid resistance of erbium laser etched enamel surface. Dent Mater J 2024; 43:200-206. [PMID: 38296510 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanism underlying high acid resistance of enamel after erbium laser etching. Forty-five premolars were collected and assigned to three groups. A 4×4×1 mm enamel sample was prepared, the left side was the control side, the right side was the treated side, which was treated with different surface treatments, including 35% phosphoric acid etching, Er:YAG laser etching, and Er,Cr:YSGG laser etching. The hydroxyapatite crystal size on the enamel surface of the samples was observed. The contents of Ca, P, O, F, Cl, C, Mg were detected. The crystallinity of the hydroxyapatite crystal was analyzed. After erbium laser etching, the enamel surface had high hydroxyapatite crystal size, beneficial content of chemical elements and crystallinity. The morphological and composition changes of crystals in the enamel surface after erbium laser etching may be one of the crucial mechanisms underlying the enhancement of acid resistance of enamel after erbium laser etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University
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Marchand E, Bertrand B, Hedouin V, Demondion X, Becart A. Study of Root Transparency in Different Postmortem Intervals Using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2808. [PMID: 37685346 PMCID: PMC10487109 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the fields of forensics, the identification of human remains is a recurrent problem. The estimated age at death is one of the copious criteria to be evaluated. In adult teeth, the height of the root dentin transparency is used to estimate age. However, in archaeological material, this phenomenon appears inconstant. The aim of this work was to observe the structural modifications of the sclerotic dentin in the teeth for different postmortem intervals. The study included two parts (retrospective and prospective study) with 21 human monoradicular teeth, from bodies donated to medical science with postmortem intervals (PMIs) of 0, 1, 2 and 5 years and archeological excavation. After inclusion based on resin, section and polishing, the samples were analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) JSM-7800F®, and the procedure was completed via a semiquantitative analysis of calcium and phosphorus using EDX microanalysis. The analysis showed the existence of tubular and chemical modifications of sclerotic dentin at different PMIs. Our SEM study allowed us to observe a difference in tubule aspects linked to an increased PMI: the loss of peritubular collar and the lumen obstruction of tubules with a hyperdense material. Microanalysis highlighted variations in phosphocalcic ratios among the different groups, especially in the pulp area and the canine. Our hypotheses that explain these differences are based on the postmortem modifications of the crystals of the mineral phase of sclerotic dentin under the influence of chemical and/or bacterial action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Marchand
- Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale et Anatomie, ULR 7367, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France (A.B.)
- CHRU Nancy, Service de Médecine Légale, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - Benoit Bertrand
- Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale et Anatomie, ULR 7367, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France (A.B.)
- Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Homme et Environnement, UMR 7194—HNHP, Institut de Paléontologie Humaine, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Valéry Hedouin
- Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale et Anatomie, ULR 7367, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France (A.B.)
| | - Xavier Demondion
- Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale et Anatomie, ULR 7367, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France (A.B.)
| | - Anne Becart
- Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale et Anatomie, ULR 7367, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Lille, 59000 Lille, France (A.B.)
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Besnard C, Marie A, Sasidharan S, Harper RA, Shelton RM, Landini G, Korsunsky AM. Synchrotron X-ray Studies of the Structural and Functional Hierarchies in Mineralised Human Dental Enamel: A State-of-the-Art Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:98. [PMID: 37185477 PMCID: PMC10137518 DOI: 10.3390/dj11040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hard dental tissues possess a complex hierarchical structure that is particularly evident in enamel, the most mineralised substance in the human body. Its complex and interlinked organisation at the Ångstrom (crystal lattice), nano-, micro-, and macro-scales is the result of evolutionary optimisation for mechanical and functional performance: hardness and stiffness, fracture toughness, thermal, and chemical resistance. Understanding the physical-chemical-structural relationships at each scale requires the application of appropriately sensitive and resolving probes. Synchrotron X-ray techniques offer the possibility to progress significantly beyond the capabilities of conventional laboratory instruments, i.e., X-ray diffractometers, and electron and atomic force microscopes. The last few decades have witnessed the accumulation of results obtained from X-ray scattering (diffraction), spectroscopy (including polarisation analysis), and imaging (including ptychography and tomography). The current article presents a multi-disciplinary review of nearly 40 years of discoveries and advancements, primarily pertaining to the study of enamel and its demineralisation (caries), but also linked to the investigations of other mineralised tissues such as dentine, bone, etc. The modelling approaches informed by these observations are also overviewed. The strategic aim of the present review was to identify and evaluate prospective avenues for analysing dental tissues and developing treatments and prophylaxis for improved dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Besnard
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ali Marie
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sisini Sasidharan
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Robert A. Harper
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Richard M. Shelton
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
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Möhring S, Cieplik F, Hiller KA, Ebensberger H, Ferstl G, Hermens J, Zaparty M, Witzgall R, Mansfeld U, Buchalla W, Scholz KJ. Elemental Compositions of Enamel or Dentin in Human and Bovine Teeth Differ from Murine Teeth. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1514. [PMID: 36837152 PMCID: PMC9965556 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Teeth with different chemical compositions can show vastly different physical properties, so knowledge of elemental composition is required to use animal teeth as substitutes for human teeth in research. In vitro, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), improved by calibration standards and Si3N4-window material, enables determining local elemental compositions of inorganic and organic compounds without sample destruction. Six human molars, bovine incisors, murine incisors, and murine molars were analyzed. EDX-field scans and line scans were analyzed for elements Ca, P, O, C, N, F, Na, Mg, Fe, Cl, and S. Furthermore, Ca/P- and Ca/N-Ratios were calculated. The presence of iron in murine incisor enamel was investigated using additional wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements (WDX) near the enamel surface. Bovine and human enamel and dentin revealed close similarities regarding elemental composition. The median (25-75% percentiles) of At%Ca was 21.1 (20.8-21.3) in human enamel, 21.0 (20.7-21.2) in bovine enamel, and in murine enamel, 18.3 (17.85-18.88) for molars and 18.35 (18.00-18.75) for incisors. In dentin, murine teeth revealed a higher At%Ca compared to human and bovine teeth. Significant differences between human and bovine teeth were found for nitrogen in dentin, with a median of 4.5 (3.3-5) At%N for human dentin and 2.7 (2.3-3.2) At%N for bovine dentin. The Ca/P-Ratio was the highest in human and bovine enamel, which did not differ significantly. Enamel from murine molars had a higher Ca/P-Ratio than murine incisors and the highest Ca/P-Ratio in dentin was observed for human teeth and murine molars (1.49). WDX revealed iron in the outer 10 µm of pre- and post-eruptive enamel of murine incisors. Pre- and post-eruptive enamel on murine incisors only differed significantly in At%Ca (p = 0.041) and At%P (p = 0.026) with both At% higher in the pre-eruptive enamel. Murine teeth differ significantly from human and bovine teeth in terms of the elemental composition of enamel and dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Möhring
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Helga Ebensberger
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerlinde Ferstl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Joshua Hermens
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Zaparty
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Witzgall
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Mansfeld
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Johannes Scholz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Dexamethasone and zinc loaded polymeric nanoparticles reinforce and remineralize coronal dentin. A morpho-histological and dynamic-biomechanical study. Dent Mater 2023; 39:41-56. [PMID: 36460577 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of novel polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) doped with dexamethasone (Dex) on viscoelasticity, crystallinity and ultra-nanostructure of the formed hydroxyapatite after NPs dentin infiltration. METHODS Undoped-NPs, Dex-doped NPs (Dex-NPs) and zinc-doped-Dex-NPs (Zn-Dex-NPs) were tested at dentin, after 24 h and 21 d. A control group without NPs was included. Coronal dentin surfaces were studied by nano-dynamic mechanical analysis measurements, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Mean and standard deviation were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). RESULTS At 21 d of storage time, both groups doped with Dex exhibited the highest complex, storage and loss moduli among groups. Zn-Dex-NPs and Dex-NPs promoted the highest and lowest tan delta values, respectively. Dex-NPs contributed to increase the fibril diameters of dentin collagen over time. Dentin surfaces treated with Zn-Dex-NPs attained the lowest nano-roughness values, provoked the highest crystallinity, and produced the longest and shortest crystallite and grain size. These new crystals organized with randomly oriented lattices. Dex-NPs induced the highest microstrain. Crystalline and amorphous matter was present in the mineral precipitates of all groups, but Zn and Dex loaded NPs helped to increase crystallinity. SIGNIFICANCE Dentin treated with Zn-Dex-NPs improved crystallographic and atomic order, providing structural stability, high mechanical performance and tissue maturation. Amorphous content was also present, so high hydroxyapatite solubility, bioactivity and remineralizing activity due to the high ion-rich environment took place in the infiltrated dentin.
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Seredin P, Goloshchapov D, Buylov N, Kashkarov V, Emelyanova A, Eremeev K, Ippolitov Y. Compositional Analysis of the Dental Biomimetic Hybrid Nanomaterials Based on Bioinspired Nonstoichiometric Hydroxyapatite with Small Deviations in the Carbonate Incorporation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4453. [PMID: 36558306 PMCID: PMC9783965 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In our paper, we discuss the results of a comprehensive structural-spectroscopic and microscopic analysis of non-stoichiometric nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (CHAp) with low carbonate anion content and biomimetic hybrid nanomaterials produced on its basis. It was shown that hydroxyapatite nanocrystals synthesized by chemical precipitation and biogenic calcium source mimic the properties of biogenic apatite and also have a morphological organization of "core-shell" type. The "core" of the CHAp nanocrystal is characterized by an overabundance of calcium Ca/P~1.9. Thus "a shell" with thickness of ~3-5 nm is formed from intermediate apatite-like phases where the most probable are octocalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and tricalcium phosphate. The multimode model of the Raman profile of samples CHAp and biomimetic composites for spectral region 900-1100 cm-1 proposed in our work has allowed to allocate precise contribution of B-type carbonate substitution, taking into account the presence on a surface of "core" HAp nanocrystal of various third-party intermediate apatite-like phases. The calibration function constructed on the basis of the described model makes it possible to reliably determine small concentrations of carbonate in the structure of hydroxyapatite with the application of Raman express method of diagnostics. The results of our work can inspire researchers to study the processes of induced biomineralization in mineralized tissues of the human body, using non-destructive methods of control with simultaneous analysis of chemical bonding, as well as determining the role of impurity atoms in the functions exhibited by biotissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Seredin
- Solid State Physics and Nanostructures Department, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Pl. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
- Scientific and Educational Center, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, Ural Federal University, Lenin Ave 51, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Dmitry Goloshchapov
- Solid State Physics and Nanostructures Department, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Pl. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Nikita Buylov
- Solid State Physics and Nanostructures Department, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Pl. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kashkarov
- Solid State Physics and Nanostructures Department, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Pl. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Anna Emelyanova
- Solid State Physics and Nanostructures Department, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Pl. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Konstantin Eremeev
- Solid State Physics and Nanostructures Department, Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya Pl. 1, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuri Ippolitov
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry with Orthodontia, Voronezh State Medical University, Studentcheskaya Ul. 11, 394006 Voronezh, Russia
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Witzke K, Frank M, Specht O, Schulz U, Oehlschläger C, Behrend D, Ottl P, Warkentin M. Comparative Sample Preparation Using Focused Ion Beam and Ultramicrotomy of Human Dental Enamel and Dentine for Multimicroscopic Imaging at Micro- and Nanoscale. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15093084. [PMID: 35591421 PMCID: PMC9100687 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: The aim of this study was to systematically compare TEM sections of mineralized human enamel and dentine prepared by focused ion beam (in situ lift-out) technique and ultramicrotomy through a combination of microscopic examination methods (scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy). In contrast with published studies, we compared the TEM preparation methods using the same specimen blocks as those for the ultramicrotomy and FIB technique. (2) Methods: A further evaluation of TEM sample preparation was obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy and atomic force microscopy. In addition, ultramicrotome- and focused ion beam-induced artefacts are illustrated. (3) Results: The FIB technique exposed a major difference between non-decalcified enamel and dentine concerning the ultrastructural morphology compared to ultramicrotome-prepared sections. We found that ultramicrotomy was useful for cutting mineralized dentine, with the possibility of mechanical artefacts, but offers limited options for the preparation of mineralized enamel. FIB preparation produced high-quality TEM sections, showing the anisotropic ultrastructural morphology in detail, with minor structural artefacts. Our results show that the solution of artificial saliva and glutardialdehyde (2.5% by volume) is a very suitable fixative for human mineralized tissue. (4) Conclusions: The protocol that we developed has strong potential for the preparation of mineralized biomaterials for TEM imaging and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Witzke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medicine, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße DZ7, 17475 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Marcus Frank
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstraße 14, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.F.); (U.S.)
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (D.B.); (P.O.)
| | - Olaf Specht
- Department of Material Science and Medical Engineering, University of Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (O.S.); (C.O.)
- Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Leibnitz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ute Schulz
- Electron Microscopy Centre, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstraße 14, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (M.F.); (U.S.)
| | - Claudia Oehlschläger
- Department of Material Science and Medical Engineering, University of Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (O.S.); (C.O.)
| | - Detlef Behrend
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (D.B.); (P.O.)
- Department of Material Science and Medical Engineering, University of Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (O.S.); (C.O.)
| | - Peter Ottl
- Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059 Rostock, Germany; (D.B.); (P.O.)
- Department of Prosthodontics and Materials Sciences, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstraße 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mareike Warkentin
- Department of Material Science and Medical Engineering, University of Rostock, Friedrich-Barnewitz-Straße 4, 18119 Rostock, Germany; (O.S.); (C.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-54-345-538
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Kanazawa S, Oaki Y, Imai H. Designed nanostructures created via physicochemical switching of the growth mode between single crystals and mesocrystals. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:1538-1544. [PMID: 36134373 PMCID: PMC9418645 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00784j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Most biominerals are composed of mesocrystals, in which individual nanoparticle building units have a defined long-range order on the atomic scale in at least one direction. Although the crystal size and orientation of the mesostructures are spatially designed in biological architectures, it has been difficult to achieve adequate control of the crystal growth to produce modulated mesostructures in artificial aqueous systems. Here, we propose a simple physicochemical approach for the spatial design of nanostructures using an aqueous solution system. The ordered arrays of oriented fluorapatite (FA) rods similar to tooth enamel are produced on a polymer substrate in a supersaturated solution. We succeeded in reversible switching of the growth mode of FA between single-crystalline rods and mesocrystalline grains through the disturbance of the solution. The primary crystal size was tuned between micrometric rods ∼0.5 μm wide and >5 μm long and nanoscale grains ∼10 nm wide and 50 nm long without a drastic change in the c direction. Hierarchical architectures consisting of iso-oriented FA microrods and nanograins were constructed via temporal control of the crystal growth mode by switching a physicochemical parameter, such as the degree of supersaturation at the growth front.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayako Kanazawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Yuya Oaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Imai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan
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Sáez-Martínez P, Gárate-Lagos J, Camargo S, Torres-Roquer F, Queralt I, Salazar-Kuri U. Combining grazing incidence X-rays and micro-diffraction for qualitative phase identification in forensic powdered micro-samples. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 328:111054. [PMID: 34666305 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Capillary diffraction or microdiffraction are standard techniques for characterizing small samples when only a few milligrams are available. On the other hand, we have typical grazing incidence diffraction or different variations of grazing incidence (GI) diffraction used, such as in-plane grazing incidence (IP-GI) or GI using a micro focusing source, to study thin films. However, when few powder micrograms are available, the characterization task is complicated. In the present work, few micrograms of typical forensic samples are analyzed using standard Bragg-Brentano, X-ray powder diffraction geometry, and grazing incidence X-ray micro-diffraction (GIµXRD). Samples include soils, cosmetic eyeshadows, two different pyrotechnic materials, and a highly explosive mixture contained at primer cup of ammunition. The analysis was carried out from 1 to 5 degrees of the incident parallel beam with a shaking sample. Depending on the fixed incident angle, different small regions of the diffraction patterns showed an improvement in the intensity of the peaks with respect to the conventional Bragg-Brentano configuration. However, 3-5 degrees of the fixed incident beam showed the best results. This new data acquisition technique, based on the combination of two known diffraction methods, could be a powerful tool for studying samples outside of forensic sciences such as nanomaterials, medicine, or any other field where the sample quantity is extremely small, also, without the need to transport evidence and travel to external facilities with higher analytical performance such as synchrotron radiation installations or other large experimental facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sáez-Martínez
- Sección Microanálisis, Laboratorio de Criminalística Central, Policía de Investigaciones de Chile, Carlos Silva Vildósola #9783, La Reina, Región Metropolitana 7860379, Chile
| | - J Gárate-Lagos
- Sección Microanálisis, Laboratorio de Criminalística Central, Policía de Investigaciones de Chile, Carlos Silva Vildósola #9783, La Reina, Región Metropolitana 7860379, Chile
| | - S Camargo
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla, Pue.72570, Mexico
| | - F Torres-Roquer
- Sección Microanálisis, Laboratorio de Criminalística Central, Policía de Investigaciones de Chile, Carlos Silva Vildósola #9783, La Reina, Región Metropolitana 7860379, Chile
| | - I Queralt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona St. 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - U Salazar-Kuri
- Instituto de Física, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Apdo. Postal J-48, Puebla, Pue.72570, Mexico.
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11
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Toledano-Osorio M, Aguilera FS, Muñoz-Soto E, Osorio E, Toledano M, Escames G, Medina-Castillo AL, Osorio MT, López-López MT, Vallecillo-Rivas M, Osorio R. Melatonin-doped polymeric nanoparticles induce high crystalline apatite formation in root dentin. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1698-1713. [PMID: 34544591 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of novel polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) doped with melatonin (ML) on nano-hardness, crystallinity and ultrastructure of the formed hydroxyapatite after endodontic treatment. METHODS Undoped-NPs and ML-doped NPs (ML-NPs) were tested at radicular dentin, after 24 h and 6 m. A control group without NPs was included. Radicular cervical and apical dentin surfaces were studied by nano-hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Mean and standard deviation were analyzed by ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons (p < 0.05). RESULTS Cervical dentin treated with undoped NPs maintained its nano-hardness values after 6 m of storage being [24 h: 0.29 (0.01); 6 m: 0.30 (0.02) GPa], but it decreased at apical dentin [24 h: 0.36 (0.01); 6 m: 0.28 (0.02) GPa]. When ML-NPs were used, nano-hardness was similar over time [24h: 0.31 (0.02); 6 m: 0.28 (0.03) GPa], at apical dentin. Root dentin treated with ML-NPs produced, in general, high crystallinity of new minerals and thicker crystals than those produced in the rest of the groups. After 6 m, crystals became organized in randomly oriented polyhedral, square polygonal block-like apatite or drop-like apatite polycrystalline lattices when ML-NPs were used. Undoped NPs generated poor crystallinity, with preferred orientation of small crystallite and increased microstrain. SIGNIFICANCE New polycrystalline formations encountered in dentin treated with ML-NPs may produce structural dentin stability and high mechanical performance at the root. The decrease of mechanical properties over time in dentin treated without NPs indicates scarce remineralization potential, dentin demineralization and further potential degradation. The amorphous stage may provide high hydroxyapatite solubility and remineralizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Fátima S Aguilera
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Esther Muñoz-Soto
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Manuel Toledano
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Germaine Escames
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Biomedical Research Center, CIBERFES, Ibs. San Cecilio University Hospital, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio L Medina-Castillo
- University of Granada, NanoMyP, Spin-Off Enterprise, Edificio BIC-Granada, Av. Innovación 1, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Modesto T López-López
- University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Applied Physics Department, Av. Fuente Nueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Vallecillo-Rivas
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- University of Granada, Department of Stomatology, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
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12
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Aprillia I, Suprastiwi E, Megantoro A, Trisna LP, Utami B, Yana S. The effect of rice husk nanosilica hydroxyl compound on dentin biomineralization. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:227-231. [PMID: 34345599 PMCID: PMC8300325 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_227_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice husk nanosilica contains hydroxyl for dentin remineralization. The aim of this study was to analyze and correlate the ability of rice husk nanosilica to induce hydroxyapatite dentin. The detachment of hydroxyl from rice husk nanosilica was analyzed using the sol-gel and pyrolysis methods with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, exposing of the demineralized dentin to rice husk nanosilica was performed for a comparison. The formation of hydroxyapatite on dentin was analyzed using X-ray diffraction. The amount of hydroxyl released from the two methods was then correlated with the hydroxyapatite that formed at the dentin. The extraction of hydroxyl on rice husk nanosilica with two methods was the same. Analysis of the amount of hydroxyapatite dentin with both the methods corresponds to each other. The correlation test obtains the value of R = 0.656. Rice husk nanosilica has a similar capability to release hydroxyl compound and form hydroxyapatite dentin using two methods. The creation of hydroxyapatite dentin is not only caused by the exposure of rice husk nanosilica but also owing to other factors that might reinforce the process of hydroxyapatite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffi Aprillia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Suprastiwi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aryo Megantoro
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Luh Putu Trisna
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Budi Utami
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sarmayana Yana
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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13
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Stifler CA, Jakes JE, North JD, Green DR, Weaver JC, Gilbert PUPA. Crystal misorientation correlates with hardness in tooth enamels. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:124-134. [PMID: 32711081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The multi-scale hierarchical structure of tooth enamel enables it to withstand a lifetime of damage without catastrophic failure. While many previous studies have investigated structure-function relationships in enamel, the effects of crystal misorientation on mechanical performance have not been assessed. To address this issue, in the present study, we review previously published polarization-dependent imaging contrast (PIC) maps of mouse and human enamel, and parrotfish enameloid, in which crystal orientations were measured and displayed in every 60-nm-pixel. By combining those previous results with the PIC maps of sheep enamel presented here we discovered that, in all enamel(oid)s, adjacent crystals are slightly misoriented, with misorientation angles in the 0°-30° range, and mean 2°-8°. Within this limited range, misorientation is positively correlated with literature hardness values, demonstrating an important structure-property relation, not previously identified. At greater misorientation angles 8°30°, this correlation is expected to reverse direction, but data from different non-enamel systems, with more diverse crystal misorientations, are required to determine if and where this occurs. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We identify a structure-function relationship in tooth enamels from different species: crystal misorientation correlates with hardness, contributing to the remarkable mechanical properties of enamel in diverse animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayla A Stifler
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Joseph E Jakes
- Forest Biopolymers Science and Engineering, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI 53726, United States
| | - Jamie D North
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, United States
| | - Daniel R Green
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - James C Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Pupa U P A Gilbert
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Departments of Chemistry, Geoscience, Materials Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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14
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Free R, DeRocher K, Xu R, Joester D, Stock SR. A method for mapping submicron-scale crystallographic order/disorder applied to human tooth enamel. POWDER DIFFRACTION 2020; 35:117-123. [PMID: 34219911 PMCID: PMC8248910 DOI: 10.1017/s0885715620000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tooth enamel, the outermost layer of human teeth, is a complex, hierarchically structured biocomposite. The details of this structure are important in multiple human health contexts, from understanding the progression of dental caries (tooth decay) to understanding the process of amelogenesis and related developmental defects. Enamel is composed primarily of long, nanoscale crystallites of hydroxyapatite that are bundled by the thousands to form micron-scale rods. Studies with transmission electron microscopy show the relationships between small groups of crystallites and X-ray diffraction characterize averages over many rods, but the direct measurement of variations in local crystallographic structure across and between enamel rods has been missing. Here, we describe a synchrotron X-ray-based experimental approach and a novel analysis method developed to address this gap in knowledge. A ~500-nm-wide beam of monochromatic X-rays in conjunction with a sample section only 1 μm in thickness enables 2D diffraction patterns to be collected from small well-separated volumes within the enamel microstructure but still probes enough crystallites (~300 per pattern) to extract population-level statistics on crystallographic features like lattice parameter, crystallite size, and orientation distributions. Furthermore, the development of a quantitative metric to characterize relative order and disorder based on the azimuthal autocorrelation of diffracted intensity enables these crystallographic measurements to be correlated with their location within the enamel microstructure (e.g., between rod and interrod regions). These methods represent a step forward in the characterization of human enamel and will elucidate the variation of the crystallographic structure across and between enamel rods for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Free
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - K. DeRocher
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - R. Xu
- Argonne National Lab, Advanced Photon Source, Lemont, Illinois 34ID-E, USA
| | - D. Joester
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - S. R. Stock
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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15
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He W, Livingston JC, Sobiesk ER, Zhou J, Zhu X, Duan Y, Yang S. A Pilot Study on High Wavenumber Raman Analysis of Human Dental Tissues. JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY : JRS 2020; 51:630-634. [PMID: 33041470 PMCID: PMC7546550 DOI: 10.1002/jrs.5812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Water plays a critical role in dental tissues including enamel and dentin. The characterization of water structure analysis was primarily conducted by nuclear magnetic resonance. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful analytic technology with capability for structure analysis in materials. However, acquiring high wavenumber Raman signals from dental tissues was challenging due to either the fluorescence interference under laser illumination or reduced sensitivity of CCD detectors. In this study, we demonstrate a pilot research on high wavenumber Raman analysis in dental tissues using a customized Raman spectrometer based on an InGaAs detector. A signal located at 3570 cm-1 is found dominating the O-H region Raman spectra of enamel but is barely detectable from dentin. The profiles of the high wavenumber region Raman spectra changes with the locations in enamel, as well as the polarization of the excitation laser beam. The results suggest that the size or crystallinity differences of hydroxyapatite crystals are the main cause of the spectral variation from dentin to enamel, and could be partially responsible for the variation among different locations in enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai He
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jordan C Livingston
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Evan R Sobiesk
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jiange Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xianchun Zhu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Duan
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Shan Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Science, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, USA
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16
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Koldehoff J, Swain MV, Schneider GA. The geometrical structure of interfaces in dental enamel: A FIB-STEM investigation. Acta Biomater 2020; 104:17-27. [PMID: 31917293 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study a high resolution structural analysis revealed that enamel prisms are surrounded by an interface that is discontinuous with frequent mineral to mineral contact separated by gaps. This contact manifests either by crystallites bridging the boundary between prismatic and interprismatic enamel or continuous crystallites curving and bridging the interprismatic enamel to the prisms. The geometrical resolution of this TEM investigation of the interfaces is ≤2 nm as a basis for micromechanical models. Within this resolution, contrary to existing structural descriptions of dental enamel structure in materials science literature, here the crystallites themselves are shown to be either in direct contact with each other, sometimes even fusing together, or are separated by gaps. Image analysis revealed that on average only 57 ± 15% of the interface consists of points of no contact between crystallites. This work reveals structural features of dental enamel that contribute important understanding to both the architecture and mechanical properties of this biological material. A new structural model is proposed and the implications for the mechanical properties of dental enamel are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this study a high resolution structural analysis, employing focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopy revealed that enamel prisms are surrounded by interfaces that are discontinuous with frequent mineral to mineral contact separated by gaps. Although the interfaces in enamel have been investigated previously, existing studies are lacking in detail considering the geometry and morphology of the interfaces. We think that this result is of great importance when it comes to the understanding of the mechanical properties. In our opinion the concept of soft sheaths is no longer feasible. The resulting observations are included in a new structural model which provides new qualitative insights into the mechanical behavior. Existing analytical models were applied to simulate the new geometrical structure.
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17
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Hydroxyapatite-based cements induce different apatite formation in radicular dentin. Dent Mater 2020; 36:167-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Toledano M, Osorio E, Aguilera FS, Muñoz-Soto E, Toledano-Osorio M, López-López MT, Medina-Castillo AL, Carrasco-Carmona Á, Osorio R. Polymeric nanoparticles for endodontic therapy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 103:103606. [PMID: 32090933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.103606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of novel polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) application in reducing dentin permeability and facilitating dentin remineralization after endodontic treatment was evaluated. The effect of undoped NPs, zinc, calcium and doxycycline-doped NPs (Zn-NPs, Ca-NPs and D-NPs, respectively) was tested in radicular dentin. A control group without NPs was included. Radicular dentin was assessed for fluid filtration. Dentin remineralization was analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive analysis, AFM, Young's modulus (Ei), Nano DMA, Raman, and X-Ray Diffraction analysis. Ca-NPs and Zn-NPs treated dentin exhibited the lowest microleakage with hermetically sealed dentinal tubules and a zinc-based salt generation onto dentin. Zn-NPs favored crystallinity and promoted the highest Ei and functional remineralization at the apical dentin, generating differences between the values of complex modulus among groups. Ca-NPs produced closure of tubules and porosities at the expense of a relative mineral amorphization, without creating zones of stress concentration. The highest sealing efficacy was obtained in Zn-NPs-treated samples, along with the highest values of Young's modulus and dentin mineralization. These high values of Ei were obtained by closing voids, cracks, pores and tubules, and by strengthening the root dentin. When using undoped NPs or Ca-NPs, deposition of minerals occurred, but radicular dentin was not mechanically reinforced. Therefore, application of Zn-NPs in endodontically treated teeth previous to the canal filling is encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Fátima S Aguilera
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Esther Muñoz-Soto
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - Modesto T López-López
- University of Granada, Faculty of Science, Applied Physics Department, Fuente Nueva S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Antonio L Medina-Castillo
- NanoMyP, Spin-Off Enterprise from University of Granada, Edificio BIC-Granada, Avda. Innovación 1, Armilla, Granada, 18016, Spain
| | - Álvaro Carrasco-Carmona
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Materials Section, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja S/n, Granada, 18071, Spain
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19
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Dehghani Nazhvani A, Dehghanpour Frashah H, Haddadi P, Dehghani Nazhvani F. Ultrastructural and Chemical Composition of Dentin and Enamel in Lab Animals. JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY (SHIRAZ, IRAN) 2019; 20:178-183. [PMID: 31579692 PMCID: PMC6732185 DOI: 10.30476/dentjods.2019.44912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Statement of the Problem: Human tooth is clinically the most appropriate material that can be used for in-vitro dental research. However, there are limitations and drawbacks for using human teeth. Therefore, alternatives to samples of human teeth for dental studies are necessary.
Purpose: This study purposed to evaluate and compare the microstructure and chemical composition of enamel and dentin of teeth in some lab animals.
Materials and Method: In this experimental study, teeth of mouse, rabbit, guinea pig, dog, cat, and sheep were used. Scanning electron microscope observations and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed on samples.
Results: This study revealed resemblance in general structure of dentin and enamel between mentioned animals and human. The minimum mean of dentinal tubules diameter is found in guinea pig (0.5µ), while the highest is in cat (1.5µ). Also the lowest and the highest mean intertubular distance was measured respectively in guinea pig (3µ) and sheep (4.8µ) and the maximum and minimum mean diameter of rods was measured in rabbit (6.6µ) and guinea pig (1.5µ), respectively.
Conclusion: The recorded details and the measured values indicate great resemblance between dog and human dentin and enamel. Cat is in the second place for dentinal studies; sheep and guinea pig have the least resemblance to human within the scope of the reviewed criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Dehghani Nazhvani
- Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Habib Dehghanpour Frashah
- Student's Research Committee, School of Dentistry, International Branch, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pardis Haddadi
- Dept. of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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20
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Behroozibakhsh M, Hajizamani H, Shekofteh K, Otadi M, Ghavami-Lahiji M, Faal Nazari NS. Comparative assessment of the crystalline structures of powder and bulk human dental enamel by X-ray diffraction analysis. J Oral Biosci 2019; 61:173-178. [PMID: 31252054 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess and compare the crystalline structures of both powder and bulk human dental enamel by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). METHODS The buccal surfaces of 60 selected noncarious third molars were divided into two groups of powdered and bulk enamel specimens. To prepare enamel powders, the enamel tissues were ground and powdered manually using a mortar and pestle. For bulk samples, the enamel slabs were sectioned using a low-speed diamond saw. The crystalline structures of samples were analyzed by XRD, and the obtained data were analyzed. The values of the lattice parameters were obtained using the equation of hexagonal crystalline structures. The crystal sizes and microstrains of crystallites were calculated using both the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall (W-H) methods. The total area under the peaks was considered as the criterion for assessing crystallinity. The data were analyzed by a parametric independent t-test and nonparametric Mann-Whitney test using SPSS for Windows at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS The results of the current study revealed significant differences between the crystallinity values and crystal sizes of the two study groups (p ≤ 0.001). The powdered samples showed higher crystallinity and smaller crystal sizes than those of the bulk samples. The obtained strain values of the powder samples were nearly twice those of the bulk samples. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.76). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed that the sample preparation method for human tooth enamel can affect the crystalline data obtained from XRD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Behroozibakhsh
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Hajizamani
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Shekofteh
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansooreh Otadi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Nanomaterial, Faculty of Nanotechnology Campus of Science and Technology, Semnan University, Iran
| | - Mehrsima Ghavami-Lahiji
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Toledano M, Aguilera FS, Cabello I, Toledano-Osorio M, Osorio E, López-López MT, García-Godoy F, Lynch CD, Osorio R. Silver-loaded nanoparticles affect ex-vivo mechanical behavior and mineralization of dentin. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2019; 24:e156-e164. [PMID: 30818307 PMCID: PMC6441607 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim was to evaluate the effect of silver loaded nanoparticles (NPs) application on the triboscopic, crystallographic and viscoelastic properties of demineralized dentin. Polymethylmetacrylate-based NPs and Ag loaded NPs were applied on demineralized dentin. Material and Methods Treated and untreated surfaces were probed by a nanoindenter to test viscoelasticity, and by atomic force microscopy to test nanoroughness and collagen fibril diameter. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy through selected area diffraction and bright-field imaging were also used. Results Dentin treated with Ag-NPs attained the lowest complex modulus, and the highest tan delta values after 7 days of storage. Dentin treated with undoped-NPs achieved the lowest nanoroughness and the greatest collagen bandwidths among groups. Crystals were identified as hydroxyapatite with the highest crystallographic maturity and crystallite size in dentin treated with undoped-NPs. Texture increased in all samples from 24 h to 7 d, except in dentin surfaces treated with Ag-NPs at 310 plane. Polyhedral, block-like, hexagonal or plate-like shaped apatite crystals constituted the bulk of minerals in dentin treated with Ag-NPs, after 7 d. Polyhedral or rounded/drop-like, and polymorphic in strata crystal apatite characterized the minerals when undoped-NPs were used, with more crystalline characteristics after 7 d than that found when Ag-NPs were applied. Ag-NPs application did not improve the mechanical performance of dentin and did not produce dentin remineralization. However, energy was dissipated through the dentin without showing stress concentration; contrary was occurring at dentin treated with undoped-NPs, that provoked bridge-like mineral deposits at the dentin surface. Conclusions Ag-NPs application did not enhance the mechanical properties of cervical dentin, though the energy dissipation did not damage the dentin structure. Remineralization at dentin was not produced after Ag-NPs application, though improved crystallinity may lead to increase stability of the apatite that was generated at the dentin surface. Key words:Dentin, mechanical, mineralization, roughness, silver, viscoelastic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toledano
- University of Granada, Faculty of Dentistry, Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain,
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Pate ML, Aguilar-Caballos MP, Beltrán-Aroca CM, Pérez-Vicente C, Lozano-Molina M, Girela-López E. Use of XRD and SEM/EDX to predict age and sex from fire-affected dental remains. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2018; 14:432-441. [PMID: 30229429 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-018-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In fire scenarios, the application and accuracy of traditional odontological methods are often limited. Crystalline studies and elemental profiling have been evaluated for their applicability in determining biological profiles (age and sex) from human dentition, particularly fire- and heat-affected dental remains. Thirty-seven teeth were paired according to tooth type and donor age/sex for the analysis of crown and root surfaces pre- and post-incineration using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDX). In unburned crowns, carbon (C) content showed a positive correlation with age, whereas phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) contents showed a negative correlation with age. In unburned roots, C, P and Ca contents also showed significant changes that were opposite of those observed in the crowns. In relation to sex, females exhibited a higher C ratio than males, whereas males showed significantly higher levels of oxygen (O), P and Ca in unburned roots. Incineration resulted in an increase in the crystallite size that correlated with increasing temperature. No differences in hydroxyapatite (HA) crystallite size were found between age groups; however, unburned teeth from females exhibited a larger crystallite size than did those from males. The challenges of using XRD with a 3D sample were overcome to allow analysis of whole teeth in a nondestructive manner. Further studies may be useful in helping predict the temperature of a fire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Pate
- Sección de Medicina Legal y Forense. Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - María-Paz Aguilar-Caballos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Química Fina y Nanoquímica, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Cristina M Beltrán-Aroca
- Sección de Medicina Legal y Forense. Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Pérez-Vicente
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Instituto Universitario de Química Fina y Nanoquímica, Campus Universitario de Rabanales, Universidad de Córdoba, 14006, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Eloy Girela-López
- Sección de Medicina Legal y Forense. Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería, Universidad de Córdoba, Avda Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
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23
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Toledano M, Toledano-Osorio M, Medina-Castillo AL, López-López MT, Aguilera FS, Osorio R. Ion-modified nanoparticles induce different apatite formation in cervical dentine. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1019-1029. [PMID: 29489013 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate if crystallinity and ultrastructure are modified when cervical dentine is treated with four different nanogels-based solutions for remineralizing purposes. METHODOLOGY Experimental nanogels based on polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and zinc, calcium or doxycycline-loaded NPs were applied to citric acid etched dentine to facilitate the occlusion of tubules and the mineralization of the dentine surface. Dentine surfaces were studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy through selected area diffraction and bright-field imaging. RESULTS Crystals at the dentine surface were identified as hydroxyapatite with the highest crystallographic maturity and crystallite size in dentine treated with Zn-NPs-based gel. Texture increased in all samples from 24 h to 7 days, except in dentine surfaces treated with Zn-NPs gel. Polyhedral, plate-like and drop-like shaped apatite crystals constituted the bulk of minerals in dentine treated with Zn-NPs gel, after 7 days. Polymorphic, cubic and needle-like shaped crystals distinguished minerals, with more amorphous characteristics in dentine treated with Ca-NPs gel after 7 days than that found when Zn-NPs were applied. Doxycycline-NPs produced the smallest crystallites with poor crystallinity, maturity and chemical stability. CONCLUSIONS Crystalline and amorphous phases of newly formed hydroxyapatite were described in both types of dentine treated with Zn-NPs as well as Ca-NPs gels with multiple shapes of crystallites. Crystal shapes ranged from rounded/drop-like or plate-like crystals to needle-like or polyhedral and cubic apatite appearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Toledano
- Dental Materials Section, Faculty of Dentistry, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - M T López-López
- Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - F S Aguilera
- Dental Materials Section, Faculty of Dentistry, Granada, Spain
| | - R Osorio
- Dental Materials Section, Faculty of Dentistry, Granada, Spain
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24
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Crystallographic Characteristics of Hydroxylapatite in Hard Tissues of Cololabis saira. CRYSTALS 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst7040103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Toledano M, Aguilera FS, López-López MT, Osorio E, Toledano-Osorio M, Osorio R. Zinc-Containing Restorations Create Amorphous Biogenic Apatite at the Carious Dentin Interface: A X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Crystal Lattice Analysis. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:1034-1046. [PMID: 27681364 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616011697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the ability of amalgam restorations to induce amorphous mineral precipitation at the caries-affected dentin substrate. Sound and caries-affected dentin surfaces were subjected to both Zn-free and Zn-containing dental amalgam restorations. Specimens were submitted to thermocycling (100,000 cycles/5°C-55°C, 3 months). Dentin surfaces were studied by atomic force microscopy (nanoroughness), X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive analysis, for physical and morphological surface characterization. Zn-containing amalgam placement reduced crystallinity, crystallite size, and grain size of calcium phosphate crystallites at the dentin surface. Both microstrain and nanoroughness were augmented in caries-affected dentin restored with Zn-containing amalgams. Caries-affected dentin showed the shortest mineral crystallites (11.04 nm), when Zn-containing amalgams were used for restorations, probably leading to a decrease of mechanical properties which might favor crack propagation and deformation. Sound dentin restored with Zn-free amalgams exhibited a substantial increase in length of grain particles (12.44 nm) embedded into dentin crystallites. Zn-containing amalgam placement creates dentin mineralization and the resultant mineral was amorphous in nature. Amorphous calcium phosphate provides a local ion-rich environment, which is considered favorable for in situ generation of prenucleation clusters, promotong further dentin remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- 1Dental Materials Section, Faculty of Dentistry,University of Granada,Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n,18071 Granada,Spain
| | - Fátima S Aguilera
- 1Dental Materials Section, Faculty of Dentistry,University of Granada,Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n,18071 Granada,Spain
| | - Modesto T López-López
- 2Applied Physics Department, Faculty of Science,University of Granada,Fuente Nueva s/n,18071 Granada,Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- 1Dental Materials Section, Faculty of Dentistry,University of Granada,Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n,18071 Granada,Spain
| | - Manuel Toledano-Osorio
- 1Dental Materials Section, Faculty of Dentistry,University of Granada,Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n,18071 Granada,Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- 1Dental Materials Section, Faculty of Dentistry,University of Granada,Colegio Máximo de Cartuja s/n,18071 Granada,Spain
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26
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Toledano M, Aguilera FS, Osorio E, López-López MT, Cabello I, Toledano-Osorio M, Osorio R. Submicron-to-nanoscale structure characterization and organization of crystals in dentin bioapatites. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra02373h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to ascertain the crystal morphology and to assess the ultrastructure and texture changes of sound (SD) and caries-affected dentin (CAD) after being restored with Zn-free and Zn-containing amalgam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Toledano
- University of Granada
- Faculty of Dentistry
- Dental Materials Section
- 18071-Granada
- Spain
| | - Fátima S. Aguilera
- University of Granada
- Faculty of Dentistry
- Dental Materials Section
- 18071-Granada
- Spain
| | - Estrella Osorio
- University of Granada
- Faculty of Dentistry
- Dental Materials Section
- 18071-Granada
- Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Cabello
- University of Granada
- Faculty of Dentistry
- Dental Materials Section
- 18071-Granada
- Spain
| | | | - Raquel Osorio
- University of Granada
- Faculty of Dentistry
- Dental Materials Section
- 18071-Granada
- Spain
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27
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On modeling and nanoanalysis of caries-affected dentin surfaces restored with Zn-containing amalgam and in vitro oral function. Biointerphases 2015; 10:041004. [DOI: 10.1116/1.4933243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
Mature tooth enamel is acellular and does not regenerate itself. Developing technologies that rebuild tooth enamel and preserve tooth structure is therefore of great interest. Considering the importance of amelogenin protein in dental enamel formation, its ability to control apatite mineralization in vitro, and its potential to be applied in fabrication of future bio-inspired dental material this review focuses on two major subjects: amelogenin and enamel biomimetics. We review the most recent findings on amelogenin secondary and tertiary structural properties with a focus on its interactions with different targets including other enamel proteins, apatite mineral, and phospholipids. Following a brief overview of enamel hierarchical structure and its mechanical properties we will present the state-of-the-art strategies in the biomimetic reconstruction of human enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Ruan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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29
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Ruan Q, Moradian-Oldak J. Amelogenin and enamel biomimetics. J Mater Chem B 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00163c and 21=21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mature tooth enamel is acellular and does not regenerate itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Ruan
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
| | - Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry
- University of Southern California
- Los Angeles
- USA
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