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Jarick KJ, Mokhtari Z, Scheller L, Hartweg J, Thusek S, Le DD, Ranecky M, Shaikh H, Qureischi M, Heinze KG, Beilhack A. Photoconversion of Alloreactive T Cells in Murine Peyer's Patches During Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Tracking the Homing Route of Highly Proliferative Cells In Vivo. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1468. [PMID: 30013554 PMCID: PMC6036264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of immune cell migration throughout the body is essential to warrant immunosurveillance and to maintain immune homeostasis. Marking and tracking of these cells has proven important to study mechanisms of immune cell trafficking and cell interaction in vivo. Photoconversion is a well-suited technique for intravital application because it enables contactless time- and location-specific marking of cells in the tissue without surgically manipulating the microenvironment of the cells in question. However, in dividing cells the converted fluorescent protein may decline quickly. Here, we provide a detailed description of the photoconversion technique and its applicability to tracking highly proliferating T cells from the priming site of T cell activation to peripheral target organs of effector function in a preclinical model. Dendra2+ T cells were photoconverted in the Peyer's patches during the initiation phase of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and tracked through the mesenteric lymph nodes and the peripheral blood to the small intestine with flow cytometry and intravital two-photon microscopy. Photoconverted alloreactive T cells preserved the full proliferative capacity, homing, and migration of alloreactive T cells in the intestinal lamina propria. We conclusively proved that photoconversion of highly proliferative alloreactive T cells in the Peyer's patches is an effective tool to study trafficking of alloreactive T cells under physiologic conditions and to GvHD target tissues. This technique can also be applied to the study of immune cell tracking under inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja J Jarick
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zeinab Mokhtari
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Scheller
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hartweg
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sina Thusek
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Duc-Dung Le
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maria Ranecky
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Haroon Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Musga Qureischi
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Laboratory for Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
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Sun Y, Heidary DK, Zhang Z, Richards CI, Glazer EC. Bacterial Cytological Profiling Reveals the Mechanism of Action of Anticancer Metal Complexes. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:3404-3416. [PMID: 29865789 PMCID: PMC6083414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
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Target
identification and mechanistic studies of cytotoxic agents
are challenging processes that are both time-consuming and costly.
Here we describe an approach to mechanism of action studies for potential
anticancer compounds by utilizing the simple prokaryotic system, E. coli, and we demonstrate its utility with the characterization
of a ruthenium polypyridyl complex [Ru(bpy)2dmbpy2+]. Expression of the photoconvertible fluorescent protein Dendra2
facilitated both high throughput studies and single-cell imaging.
This allowed for simultaneous ratiometric analysis of inhibition of
protein production and phenotypic investigations. The profile of protein
production, filament size and population, and nucleoid morphology
revealed important differences between inorganic agents that damage
DNA vs more selective inhibitors of transcription and translation.
Trace metal analysis demonstrated that DNA is the preferred nucleic
acid target of the ruthenium complex, but further studies in human
cancer cells revealed altered cell signaling pathways compared to
the commonly administrated anticancer agent cisplatin. This study
demonstrates E. coli can be used to rapidly distinguish
between compounds with disparate mechanisms of action and also for
more subtle distinctions within in studies in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
| | - David K Heidary
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
| | - Christopher I Richards
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
| | - Edith C Glazer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
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Klementieva NV, Lukyanov KA, Markina NM, Lukyanov SA, Zagaynova EV, Mishin AS. Green-to-red primed conversion of Dendra2 using blue and red lasers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:13144-13146. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05599k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Primed photoconversion of Dendra2 in commonly available confocal and super-resolution microscopy setups equipped with blue and red lasers is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. A. Lukyanov
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Moscow
| | - N. M. Markina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Moscow
- Russia
| | - S. A. Lukyanov
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Moscow
| | | | - A. S. Mishin
- Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy
- Nizhny Novgorod
- Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry
- Moscow
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Courtney J, Woods E, Scholz D, Hall WW, Gautier VW. MATtrack: A MATLAB-Based Quantitative Image Analysis Platform for Investigating Real-Time Photo-Converted Fluorescent Signals in Live Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140209. [PMID: 26485569 PMCID: PMC4616565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce here MATtrack, an open source MATLAB-based computational platform developed to process multi-Tiff files produced by a photo-conversion time lapse protocol for live cell fluorescent microscopy. MATtrack automatically performs a series of steps required for image processing, including extraction and import of numerical values from Multi-Tiff files, red/green image classification using gating parameters, noise filtering, background extraction, contrast stretching and temporal smoothing. MATtrack also integrates a series of algorithms for quantitative image analysis enabling the construction of mean and standard deviation images, clustering and classification of subcellular regions and injection point approximation. In addition, MATtrack features a simple user interface, which enables monitoring of Fluorescent Signal Intensity in multiple Regions of Interest, over time. The latter encapsulates a region growing method to automatically delineate the contours of Regions of Interest selected by the user, and performs background and regional Average Fluorescence Tracking, and automatic plotting. Finally, MATtrack computes convenient visualization and exploration tools including a migration map, which provides an overview of the protein intracellular trajectories and accumulation areas. In conclusion, MATtrack is an open source MATLAB-based software package tailored to facilitate the analysis and visualization of large data files derived from real-time live cell fluorescent microscopy using photoconvertible proteins. It is flexible, user friendly, compatible with Windows, Mac, and Linux, and a wide range of data acquisition software. MATtrack is freely available for download at eleceng.dit.ie/courtney/MATtrack.zip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Courtney
- Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin St, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Elena Woods
- UCD Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dimitri Scholz
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, School of Medicine and Biomedical Science University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - William W. Hall
- UCD Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Virginie W. Gautier
- UCD Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
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