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Mias C, Stennevin A, Doat G, Catté A, Chlasta J, Bessou-Touya S, Duplan H. Effect of a low-mineralized thermal spring water on skin barrier mechanical properties using atomic force microscopy. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e15113. [PMID: 38855894 DOI: 10.1111/exd.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The mineral content of thermal spring water (TSW) applied to the skin surface can directly influence the skin barrier. Indeed, our previous study showed that Avène TSW (ATSW), a low mineral content thermal spring water, protects the stratum corneum from dehydration compared to a mineral-rich TSW (MR-TSW) and maintains skin surface ultrastructure. While many TSWs have been recognized to have beneficial effects on skin, little is known about their localized and specific effects on skin barrier biomechanics at the nanometric scale. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of ATSW with a reference, MR-TSW, on the biomechanical barrier properties of the skin under homeostasis conditions using atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM was used to obtain a precise nanomechanical mapping of the skin surface after three applications of both TSW. This provides specific information on the skin topographical profile and elasticity. The topographic profile of skin samples showed a specific compaction of the skin layers after application of MR-TSW, characterized by an increase of the total number of external skin layers, compared to non-treated samples. By contrast, ATSW did not modify the skin topographic profile. High-resolution force/volume acquisitions to capture the elastic modulus showed that it was directly correlated with skin rigidity. The elastic modulus strongly and significantly increased after MR-TSW application compared to non-treated skin. By contrast, applications of ATSW did not increase elastic modulus. These data demonstrate that applications of MR-TSW significantly modified skin barrier properties by increasing skin surface layer compaction and skin rigidity. By contrast, ATSW did not modify the topographical profile of skin explants nor induce mechanical stress at the level of the stratum corneum, indicating it does not disrupt the biophysical properties linked to skin surface integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mias
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique et Personal Care, Toulouse, France
| | | | - G Doat
- Direction médicale AVENE, Lavaur, France
| | | | | | - S Bessou-Touya
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique et Personal Care, Toulouse, France
| | - H Duplan
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique et Personal Care, Toulouse, France
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Gacek E, Mahutga RR, Barocas VH. Hybrid Discrete-Continuum Multiscale Model of Tissue Growth and Remodeling. Acta Biomater 2022; 163:7-24. [PMID: 36155097 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue growth and remodeling (G&R) is often central to disease etiology and progression, so understanding G&R is essential for understanding disease and developing effective therapies. While the state-of-the-art in this regard is animal and cellular models, recent advances in computational tools offer another avenue to investigate G&R. A major challenge for computational models is bridging from the cellular scale (at which changes are actually occurring) to the macroscopic, geometric-scale (at which physiological consequences arise). Thus, many computational models simplify one scale or another in the name of computational tractability. In this work, we develop a discrete-continuum modeling scheme for analyzing G&R, in which we apply changes directly to the discrete cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture and pass those changes up to a finite-element macroscale geometry. We demonstrate the use of the model in three case-study scenarios: the media of a thick-walled artery, and the media and adventitia of a thick-walled artery, and chronic dissection of an arterial wall. We analyze each case in terms of the new and insightful data that can be gathered from this technique, and we compare our results from this model to several others. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work is significant in that it provides a framework for combining discrete, microstructural- and cellular-scale models to the growth and remodeling of large tissue structures (such as the aorta). It is a significant advance in that it couples the microscopic remodeling with an existing macroscopic finite element model, making it relatively easy to use for a wide range of conceptual models. It has the potential to improve understanding of many growth and remodeling processes, such as organ formation during development and aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Gacek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Ryan R Mahutga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455
| | - Victor H Barocas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455.
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Park S. Biochemical, structural and physical changes in aging human skin, and their relationship. Biogerontology 2022; 23:275-288. [PMID: 35292918 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-022-09959-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, having the purpose of regulating temperature, protecting us from microbes or mechanical shocks, and allowing the sensations from touch. It is generally accepted that aging induces profound changes in the skin's biochemical, structural and physical properties, which can lead to impaired biological functions and/or diverse diseases. So far, the effects of aging on these skin properties have been well documented. However, very few studies have focused exclusively on the relationship among these critical properties in the aging process, which is this review's primary focus. Many in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro techniques have been previously used to characterize these properties of the skin. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the effects of aging on the changes in biochemical, structural, and physical properties, and explore the potential mechanisms of skin with the relation between these properties. First, we review different or contradictory results of aging-related changes in representative parameters of each property, including the interpretations of the findings. Next, we discuss the need for a standardized method to characterize aging-related changes in these properties, to improve the way of defining age-property relationship. Moreover, potential mechanisms based on the previous results are explored by linking the biochemical, structural, and physical properties. Finally, the need to study changes of various functional properties in the separate skin layers is addressed. This review can help understand the underlying mechanism of aging-related alterations, to improve the evaluation of the aging process and guide effective treatment strategies for aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA. .,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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Shahriari-Khalaji M, Alassod A, Nozhat Z. Cotton-based health care textile: a mini review. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-04015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Barros N, Kim H, Goudie MJ, Lee K, Bandaru P, Banton EA, Sarikhani E, Sun W, Zhang S, Cho HJ, Hartel MC, Ostrovidov S, Ahadian S, Hussain S, Ashammakhi N, Dokmeci MR, Herculano RD, Lee J, Khademhosseini A. Biofabrication of endothelial cell, dermal fibroblast, and multilayered keratinocyte layers for skin tissue engineering. Biofabrication 2020; 13. [PMID: 32650324 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aba503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The skin serves a substantial number of physiological purposes and is exposed to numerous biological and chemical agents owing to its large surface area and accessibility. Yet, current skin models are limited in emulating the multifaceted functions of skin tissues due to a lack of effort on the optimization of biomaterials and techniques at different skin layers for building skin frameworks. Here, we use biomaterial-based approaches and bioengineered techniques to develop a 3D skin model with layers of endothelial cell networks, dermal fibroblasts, and multilayered keratinocytes. Analysis of mechanical properties of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based bioinks mixed with different portions of alginate revealed bioprinted endothelium could be better modeled to optimize endothelial cell viability with a mixture of 7.5% GelMA and 2% alginate. Matrix stiffness plays a crucial role in modulating produced levels of Pro-Collagen I alpha-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human dermal fibroblasts and affecting their viability, proliferation, and spreading. Moreover, seeding human keratinocytes with gelatin-coating multiple times proves helpful in reducing culture time to create multilayered keratinocytes while maintaining their viability. The ability to fabricate selected biomaterials for each layer of skin tissues has implications in the biofabrication of skin systems for regenerative medicine and disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Barros
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
| | - Hanjun Kim
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Marcus J Goudie
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
| | - KangJu Lee
- Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
| | - Praveen Bandaru
- Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
| | - Ethan A Banton
- Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Wujin Sun
- Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
| | - Hyun-Jong Cho
- Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Martin C Hartel
- Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
| | - Saber Hussain
- , Molecular Bioeffects Branch, Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio, UNITED STATES
| | - Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Radiology, UCLA, CNSI 4528, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Junmin Lee
- Terasaki Institute, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, UNITED STATES
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Chang AC, Liu BH. Identification of Characteristic Macromolecules of Escherichia coli Genotypes by Atomic Force Microscope Nanoscale Mechanical Mapping. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:35. [PMID: 29396772 PMCID: PMC5796958 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2452-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The categorization of microbial strains is conventionally based on the molecular method, and seldom are the morphological characteristics in the bacterial strains studied. In this research, we revealed the macromolecular structures of the bacterial surface via AFM mechanical mapping, whose resolution was not only determined by the nanoscale tip size but also the mechanical properties of the specimen. This technique enabled the nanoscale study of membranous structures of microbial strains with simple specimen preparation and flexible working environments, which overcame the multiple restrictions in electron microscopy and label-enable biochemical analytical methods. The characteristic macromolecules located among cellular surface were considered as surface layer proteins and were found to be specific to the Escherichia coli genotypes, from which the averaged molecular sizes were characterized with diameters ranging from 38 to 66 nm, and the molecular shapes were kidney-like or round. In conclusion, the surface macromolecular structures have unique characteristics that link to the E. coli genotype, which suggests that the genomic effects on cellular morphologies can be rapidly identified using AFM mechanical mapping. Graphical Abstract Quantification of surface macromolecules of E. coli cells using AFM mechanical mapping. Surface macromolecules of cellular surface of three E. coli genotypes, MG1655, CFT073, and RS218, were characterized with the sizes ranging from 38 to 66 nm and with round or kidney-like shapes. The topography images were colored with adhesion mapping with the scale bars = 200 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Chinghsuan Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 701 Taiwan
| | - Bernard Haochih Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 701 Taiwan
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Pillet F, Gibot L, Madi M, Rols MP, Dague E. Importance of endogenous extracellular matrix in biomechanical properties of human skin model. Biofabrication 2017; 9:025017. [PMID: 28493850 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/aa6ed5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The physical and mechanical properties of cells modulate their behavior such proliferation rate, migration and extracellular matrix remodeling. In order to study cell behavior in a tissue-like environment in vitro, it is of utmost importance to develop biologically and physically relevant 3D cell models. Here, we characterized the physical properties of a single cell type growing in configurations of increasing complexity. From one human skin biopsy, primary dermal fibroblasts were isolated and seeded to give monolayer (2D model), spheroid (3D model poor in extracellular matrix) and tissue-engineered cell sheet (3D model rich in endogenous extracellular matrix). Living native human dermis tissue was used as a gold standard. Nanomechanical and viscoelastic properties at the cell scale were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) while biphoton microscopy allowed collagen detection by second harmonic generation and scanning electron microscopy helped in model morphological characterization. In all models, fibroblasts presented a similar typical elongated cell shape, with a cytoskeleton well-arranged along the long axis of the cell. However, elastic moduli of the tissue-engineered cell sheet and native dermis tissue were similar and statistically lower than monolayer and spheroid models. We successfully carried out AFM force measurements on 3D models such as spheroids and tissue-engineered cell sheets, as well as on living native human tissue. We demonstrated that a tissue-engineered dermal model recapitulates the mechanical properties of human native dermal tissue unlike the classically used monolayer and spheroid models. Furthermore, we give statistical evidence to indicate a correlation between cell mechanical properties and the presence of collagens in the models studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Pillet
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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