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Wang J, Zhang T, Liao Y, Chen W, Liang S, Xu S, Fang H, Wang M, Zheng L, Gu Z, Zhang Z, Wang B, Bi Y, Feng W. 3D-imaging and quantitative assessment for size-related penetration of HfO 2 nanoparticles in breast cancer tumor by synchrotron radiation microcomputed tomography. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1266:341352. [PMID: 37244662 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of quantitative analytical methods to assess the heterogeneous distribution and penetration of nanodrugs in solid tumors is of great importance for anticancer nanomedicine. Herein, Expectation-Maximization (EM) iterate algorithm and threshold segmentation methods were used to visualize and quantify the spatial distribution patterns, penetration depth and diffusion features of two-sized hafnium oxide nanoparticles (s-HfO2 NPs in 2 nm and l-HfO2 NPs in 50 nm sizes) in mouse models of breast cancer using synchrotron radiation micro-computed tomography (SR-μCT) imaging technique. The three-dimensional (3D) SR-μCT images were reconstructed based on the EM iterate algorithm thus clearly displayed the size-related penetration and distribution within the tumors after intra-tumoral injection of HfO2 NPs and X-ray irradiation treatment. The obtained 3D animations clearly show that a considerable amount of s-HfO2 and l-HfO2 NPs diffused into tumor tissues at 2 h post-injection and displayed the obvious increase in the tumor penetration and distribution area within the tumors at day 7 after combination with low-dose X-ray irradiation treatment. A thresholding segmentation for 3D SR-μCT image was developed to assess the penetration depth and quantity of HfO2 NPs along the injection sites in tumors. The developed 3D-imaging techniques revealed that the s-HfO2 NPs presented more homogeneous distribution pattern, diffused more quickly and penetrated more deeply within tumor tissues than the l-HfO2 NPs did. Whereas, the low-dose X-ray irradiation treatment greatly enhanced the wide distribution and deep penetration of both s-HfO2 and l-HfO2 NPs. This developed method may provide quantitative distribution and penetration information for the X-ray sensitive high-Z metal nanodrugs in the cancer imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tingfeng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - You Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Si Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingna Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Yi Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
| | - Weiyue Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Chen D, Yin S, Zhang X, Lyu J, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Yan J. A high-resolution study of PM 2.5 accumulation inside leaves in leaf stomata compared with non-stomatal areas using three-dimensional X-ray microscopy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158543. [PMID: 36067857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant leaves retain atmospheric particulate matter (PM) on their surfaces, helping PM removal and risk reduction of respiratory tract infection. Several processes (deposition, resuspension, rainfall removal) can influence the PM accumulation on leaves and different leaf microstructures (e.g., trichomes, epicuticular waxes) can also be involved in retaining PM. However, the accumulation and distribution of PM on leaves, particularly at the stomata, are unclear, and the lack of characterization methods limits our understanding of this process. Thus, in this study, we aimed to explore the pathway through which PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm) enters plant leaves, and the penetration depth of PM2.5 along the entry route. Here, an indoor experiment using diamond powder as a tracer to simulate PM2.5 deposition on leaves was carried out. Then, the treated and non-treated leaves were scanned by using three-dimensional (3D) X-ray microscopy. Next, the grayscale value of the scanned images was used to compare PM2.5 accumulation in stomatal and non-stomatal areas of the treated and non-treated leaves, respectively. Finally, a total PM2.5 volume from the abaxial epidermis was calculated. The results showed that, first, a large amount of PM2.5 accumulates within leaf stomata, whereas PM2.5 does not accumulate at non-stomatal areas. Then, the penetration depth of PM2.5 in stomata of most tree species was 5-14 μm from the abaxial epidermis. For the first time, 3D X-ray microscope scanning was used to confirm that a pathway by which PM2.5 enters the leaves is through the stomata, which is fundamental for further research on how PM2.5 translocates and interacts with tissues and cells in leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dele Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xuyi Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junyao Lyu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanhua Zhu
- Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingli Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
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