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Shrivas S, Samaur H, Yadav V, Boda SK. Soft and Hard Tissue Integration around Percutaneous Bone-Anchored Titanium Prostheses: Toward Achieving Holistic Biointegration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1966-1987. [PMID: 38530973 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A holistic biointegration of percutaneous bone-anchored metallic prostheses with both hard and soft tissues dictates their longevity in the human body. While titanium (Ti) has nearly solved osseointegration, soft tissue integration of percutaneous metallic prostheses is a perennial problem. Unlike the firm soft tissue sealing in biological percutaneous structures (fingernails and teeth), foreign body response of the skin to titanium (Ti) leads to inflammation, epidermal downgrowth and inferior peri-implant soft tissue sealing. This review discusses various implant surface treatments/texturing and coatings for osseointegration, soft tissue integration, and against bacterial attachment. While surface microroughness by SLA (sandblasting with large grit and acid etched) and porous calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings improve Ti osseointegration, smooth and textured titania nanopores, nanotubes, microgrooves, and biomolecular coatings encourage soft tissue attachment. However, the inferior peri-implant soft tissue sealing compared to natural teeth can lead to peri-implantitis. Toward this end, the application of smart multifunctional bioadhesives with strong adhesion to soft tissues, mechanical resilience, durability, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory properties for soft tissue attachment to metallic prostheses is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Shrivas
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Harshita Samaur
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Vinod Yadav
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Boda
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
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Fokter SK, Ledinek Ž, Kljaić Dujić M, Novak I. Extreme Serum Titanium Concentration Induced by Acetabular Cup Failure: Unveiling a Unique Scenario of Titanium Alloy Debris Accumulation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:235. [PMID: 38534509 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The majority of contemporary total hip arthroplasty (THA) implants are constructed from Ti alloys, which are generally believed to generate fewer adverse local tissue reactions (ALTRs) compared to CoCr alloys. This study presents a case of unusual primary THA failure where a substantial release of Ti alloy debris was observed. A 52-year-old active male underwent THA after post-traumatic aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in 2006. Seventeen years after the procedure, the patient presented with groin pain and a restricted range of motion. X-rays revealed the protrusion of the alumina ceramic head through the Ti6Al4V acetabular cup. Trace element analysis indicated significantly elevated levels of serum Ti, Al, and V. CT and MRI confirmed Ti alloy cup failure and a severe ALTR. During revision surgery, it was found that the worn-out ceramic head was in direct contact with the acetabular cup, having protruded through a central hole it had created over time. No acetabular liner was found. Histological analysis of his tissue samples showed wear-induced synovitis with areas of multinucleated foreign body giant cells and the accumulation of numerous metal particles but no acute inflammatory response. Six months after the revision THA, the patient has experienced favourable outcomes. This case provides an instructive illustration for studying the consequences of the substantial release of Ti alloy debris from orthopedic implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samo K Fokter
- Clinical Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slomškov trg 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Živa Ledinek
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Milka Kljaić Dujić
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Igor Novak
- Clinical Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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Major L, Lackner JM, Kot M, Major R, Dyner M, Major B. Wear mechanisms description in nanoscale by SEM/TEM of multilayer Zr/ZrN coatings in dependence on phases ratio. J Microsc 2023; 289:3-19. [PMID: 36150069 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a result of loading with an external force during the wear process, coating deforms uniformly. After a certain limit load is exceeded, coating deformation is localised through the formation of the so-called shear bands. It has been showed experimentally the process of shear bands formation. The microstructural characterisation before and after the mechanical tests was performed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) on cross-sections of the samples. The analysis indicated that in the case of multilayer coatings where the ratio of the metallic to the ceramic phase is 1:1, the shear bands are formed at an angle of 45°. With a greater proportion of the ceramic phase to metallic (ratio 1:2), the shear band changed the shear angle from ∼45° to ∼90°. Mechanical in situ tests were carried out in the chambers of SEM and TEM. The scratch tests in the SEM were done with the simultaneous observation of the phenomena occurring on the surface of the tested materials showed that at a scratch force of 0.04 N, the additional outer a-C:H layer was damaged, which was shown in the form of a fault in the force-displacement diagram, and in the form of splits visible in the SEM image. However, the application of this additional layer had a positive effect on the wear mechanism of the entire coating structure. The test also indicated that in the case of coatings with phases ratio 1:2 and 1:4 (metallic to ceramic), the characteristics of the brittle material were demonstrated, unlike the coating with a 1:1 phase ratio, where plastic properties predominated. However, for the 1:2 phase ratio coating, the chip was more ductile than for the chip formed when testing a 1:4 phase ratio coating. For in situ mechanical testing in the TEM, a straining holder was used. The test showed that the shear band angle for a 1:1 ratio coating has changed from 45° to 90° due to the different direction of force interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - J M Lackner
- JOANNEUM RESEARCH - Materials, Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, Niklasdorf, Austria
| | - M Kot
- Laboratory of Surface Engineering and Tribology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
| | - R Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Dyner
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Jan Dlugosz University, Czestochowa, Poland.,CHIRMED - Manufacturer of Surgical and Medical Instruments, Rudniki, Poland
| | - B Major
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
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Vanaclocha-Saiz A, Vanaclocha V, Atienza C, Jorda-Gomez P, Primo-Capella V, Barrios C, Vanaclocha L. Bionate Biocompatibility: In Vivo Study in Rabbits. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29647-29654. [PMID: 36061708 PMCID: PMC9435029 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Response to foreign materials includes local tissue reaction, osteolysis, implant loosening, and migration to lymph nodes and organs. Bionate 80A human explants show minor wear and slight local tissue reaction, but we do not know the response at the spinal cord, nerve roots, lymph nodes, or distant organs. This study aims to figure out reactions against Bionate 80A when implanted at the spinal epidural space of 24 20-week-old New Zealand white rabbits. In one group of 12 rabbits, we implanted Bionate 80A on the spinal epidural space, and another group of 12 rabbits was used as the control group. We studied tissues, organs, and tissue damage markers on blood biochemistry, urine tests, and necropsy. The animals' clinical parameters and weight showed no statistically significant differences. At 3 months, the basophils increased slightly in the implant group, platelets decreased in all, and at 6 months, implanted animals showed slight eosinophilia, but none of these changes was statistically significant. External, organ, and spinal tissue examination showed neither toxic reaction, inflammatory changes, or noticeable differences between groups or survival periods. Under microscopic examination, the Bionate 80A particles induced a chronic granulomatous response always outside the dura mater, with giant multinucleated cells holding phagocytized particles and no particle migration to lymph nodes or organs. Thus, it was concluded that Bionate particles, when implanted in the rabbit lumbar epidural space, do not generate a significant reaction limited to the surrounding soft tissues with giant multinucleated cells. In addition, the particles did not cross the dura mater or migrate to lymph nodes or organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Vanaclocha-Saiz
- Instituto de Biomecánica (IBV), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Atienza
- Instituto de Biomecánica (IBV), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Pablo Jorda-Gomez
- Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana 12004, Spain
| | - Víctor Primo-Capella
- Instituto de Biomecánica (IBV), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Carlos Barrios
- Catholic University of Valencia, Saint Vincent Martyr, Valencia 46001, Spain
| | - Leyre Vanaclocha
- Medius Klinik, Ostfildern-Ruit Klinik für Urologie, Hedelfinger Strasse 166, 73760 Ostfildern, Germany
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Mizuno K, Boschetto F, Yamamoto K, Honma T, Miyamoto N, Adachi T, Kanamura N, Yamamoto T, Wenliang Z, Marin E, Pezzotti G. Cytotoxicity and osteogenic effects of aluminum ions. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 234:111884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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