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Esmaeilzadeh B, Touqeer M, Junwei L, Zheng S, Geng T, Hou Y, Lu Q. Atomic resolution imaging using a novel, compact and stiff scanning tunnelling microscope in cryogen-free superconducting magnet. J Microsc 2024; 294:26-35. [PMID: 38224001 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
We present the design and performance of a novel scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) operating in a cryogen-free superconducting magnet. Our home-built STM head is compact (51.5 mm long and 20 mm in diameter) and has a single arm that provides complete openness in the scanning area between the tip and sample. The STM head consists of two piezoelectric tubes (PTs), a piezoelectric scanning tube (PST) mounted on a well-polished zirconia shaft, and a large PT housed in a sapphire tube called the motor tube. The main body of the STM head is made of tantalum. In this design, we fixed the sapphire tube to the frame with screws so that the tube's position can be changed quickly. To analyse the stiffness of the STM head unit, we identified the lowest eigenfrequencies with 3 and 4 kHz in the bending modes, 8 kHz in a torsional mode, and 9 kHz in a longitudinal mode by finite element analysis, and also measured the low drift rates in the X-Y plane and in the Z direction. The high performance of the home-built STM was demonstrated by images of the hexagonal graphite lattice at 300 K and in a sweeping magnetic field from 0 T to 9 T. Our results confirm the high stability, vibration resistance, insensitivity to high magnetic fields and the application potential of our newly developed STM for the investigation of low-frequency systems with high static support stiffness in physics, chemistry, material and biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Esmaeilzadeh
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Muhammad Touqeer
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Liu Junwei
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shaofeng Zheng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tao Geng
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yubin Hou
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingyou Lu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Zhang B, Xue Y, Park HS, Jiang JW. Flexible nanomechanical bit based on few-layer graphene. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:822-829. [PMID: 38095185 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03241h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical computers have gained intense research interest at size scales ranging from nano to macro as they may complement electronic computers operating in extreme environments. While nanoscale mechanical computers may be easier to integrate with traditional electronic components, most current nanomechanical computers are based on volatile resonator systems that require continuous energy input. In this study, we propose a non-volatile nanomechanical bit based on the quasi-stable configurations of few-layer graphene with void defects, and demonstrate its multiple quasi-stable states by deriving an analytic relationship for the void configuration based on a competition between the bending energy and the cohesive energy. Using this nanomechanical bit, typical logic gates are constructed to perform Boolean calculations, including NOT, AND, OR, NAND and NOR gates, and demonstrate reprogrammability between these logic gates. We also study the accuracy and the stability of the nanomechanical bits based on the few-layer graphene. These findings provide a novel approach to realize the nanomechanical computing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yixuan Xue
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.
| | - Harold S Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Jin-Wu Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, People's Republic of China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou 311100, China
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