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Hugon AM, Golos TG. Non-human primate models for understanding the impact of the microbiome on pregnancy and the female reproductive tract†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:1-16. [PMID: 37040316 PMCID: PMC10344604 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has been shown, or implicated to be involved, in multiple facets of human health and disease, including not only gastrointestinal health but also metabolism, immunity, and neurology. Although the predominant focus of microbiome research has been on the gut, other microbial communities such as the vaginal or cervical microbiome are likely involved in physiological homeostasis. Emerging studies also aim to understand the role of different microbial niches, such as the endometrial or placental microbial communities, on the physiology and pathophysiology of reproduction, including their impact on reproductive success and the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). The study of the microbiome during pregnancy, specifically how changes in maternal microbial communities can lead to dysfunction and disease, can advance the understanding of reproductive health and the etiology of APOs. In this review, we will discuss the current state of non-human primate (NHP) reproductive microbiome research, highlight the progress with NHP models of reproduction, and the diagnostic potential of microbial alterations in a clinical setting to promote pregnancy health. NHP reproductive biology studies have the potential to expand the knowledge and understanding of female reproductive tract microbial communities and host-microbe or microbe-microbe interactions associated with reproductive health through sequencing and analysis. Furthermore, in this review, we aim to demonstrate that macaques are uniquely suited as high-fidelity models of human female reproductive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Hugon
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Wessels JM, Lajoie J, Cooper MIJH, Omollo K, Felker AM, Vitali D, Dupont HA, Nguyen PV, Mueller K, Vahedi F, Kimani J, Oyugi J, Cheruiyot J, Mungai JN, Deshiere A, Tremblay MJ, Mazzulli T, Stearns JC, Ashkar AA, Fowke KR, Surette MG, Kaushic C. Medroxyprogesterone acetate alters the vaginal microbiota and microenvironment in women and increases susceptibility to HIV-1 in humanized mice. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm.039669. [PMID: 31537512 PMCID: PMC6826019 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.039669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormonal contraceptive medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is associated with increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), via incompletely understood mechanisms. Increased diversity in the vaginal microbiota modulates genital inflammation and is associated with increased HIV-1 acquisition. However, the effect of MPA on diversity of the vaginal microbiota is relatively unknown. In a cohort of female Kenyan sex workers, negative for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), with Nugent scores <7 (N=58 of 370 screened), MPA correlated with significantly increased diversity of the vaginal microbiota as assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. MPA was also significantly associated with decreased levels of estrogen in the plasma, and low vaginal glycogen and α-amylase, factors implicated in vaginal colonization by lactobacilli, bacteria that are believed to protect against STIs. In a humanized mouse model, MPA treatment was associated with low serum estrogen, low glycogen and enhanced HIV-1 susceptibility. The mechanism by which the MPA-mediated changes in the vaginal microbiota may contribute to HIV-1 susceptibility in humans appears to be independent of inflammatory cytokines and/or activated T cells. Altogether, these results suggest MPA-induced hypo-estrogenism may alter key metabolic components that are necessary for vaginal colonization by certain bacterial species including lactobacilli, and allow for greater bacterial diversity in the vaginal microbiota. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: MPA may increase susceptibility to HIV-1 in sex workers through the suppression of endogenous estrogen, reducing vaginal glycogen and α-amylase levels, which increases bacterial diversity, potentially reducing protective bacterial species such as lactobacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M Wessels
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Julie Lajoie
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. BOX 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Maeve I J Hay Cooper
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kenneth Omollo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. BOX 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Allison M Felker
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Danielle Vitali
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Haley A Dupont
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Philip V Nguyen
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Kristen Mueller
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Fatemeh Vahedi
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Joshua Kimani
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. BOX 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.,Kenyan AIDS Control Program, P.O. Box 19361 - 00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julius Oyugi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. BOX 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - John N Mungai
- Kenyan AIDS Control Program, P.O. Box 19361 - 00202, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alexandre Deshiere
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology Medical Biology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michel J Tremblay
- Axe des Maladies Infectieuses et Immunitaires, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Pavillon CHUL, Québec City, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology Medical Biology, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Tony Mazzulli
- Public Health Laboratories, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1V2, Canada.,Mount Sinai Hospital/University Health Network, Department of Microbiology, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Stearns
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Ali A Ashkar
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Keith R Fowke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, P.O. BOX 30197-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michael G Surette
- Department of Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,McMaster Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Charu Kaushic
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Learning and Discovery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.,McMaster Institute of Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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